1、Designation: C233/C233M 11Standard Test Method forAir-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C233/C233M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the testing of materials pro-p
3、osed for use as air-entraining admixtures in the field.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues
4、from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Some values have only SI units because theinch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is forinfo
5、rmation only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
6、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
7、STM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC143/C1
8、43M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the V
9、olumetric MethodC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC232 Test Methods for Bleeding of ConcreteC260 Specification f
10、or Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction M
11、aterialsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electrode2.2 ACI Standards:ACI 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-tions for Normal,
12、Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete33. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to develop data for comparisonwith the requirements of Specification C260. These tests arebased on arbitrary stipulations permitting highly standardizedtesting in the laboratory, and are not intended to simulate actua
13、ljob conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous
14、 edition approved in 2010 as C23310a. DOI:10.1520/C0233_C0233M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
15、site.3American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 1, pp. 211-1 to211-38 (1993).1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Materials4.1 Cement
16、The cement used in any series of tests shall beeither the cement proposed for specific work in accordancewith 4.4, a Type I or Type II cement conforming to Specifica-tion C150, or a blend of two or more cements, in equal parts.Each cement of the blend shall conform to the requirements ofeither Type
17、I or Type II, Specification C150. If a blend ofcements is used, it shall be a combination which produces anair content of less than 10 % when tested in accordance withTest Method C185 (Note 5).4.2 AggregatesExcept when tests are made in accordancewith 4.4, using the aggregates proposed for specific
18、work, thefine and coarse aggregates used in any series of tests shall comefrom single lots of well-graded, sound materials that conformto the requirements of Specification C33, except that thegrading of the aggregates shall conform to the followingrequirements:4.2.1 Fine Aggregate GradingThe fine ag
19、gregate shallmeet the requirements for the fine aggregate in SpecificationC33.4.2.2 Coarse Aggregate GradingThe coarse aggregategrading shall meet the Size 57 grading requirements ofSpecification C33.NOTE 2Take care in loading and delivery to avoid segregation.4.2.3 The coarse aggregate used for the
20、 reference concreteand test concretes shall be essentially the same. Providesufficient coarse aggregate for the reference concrete, the testconcrete, and for the grading analysis. Concrete consists of onereference concrete and as many test admixture-containingconcretes as are intended to be compared
21、.4.2.3.1 Prepare required quantities of coarse aggregate asfollows: Fill tared containers, one for sieve analysis, one for abatch of reference concrete, and one for a batch of testconcrete, to the required mass from the aggregate stockpile(See Note 3). Accomplish this by placing equal quantities int
22、oeach container, successively, and repeat the procedure until allthe containers have their required mass (See Note 3).NOTE 3See theAppendix of Practice D75, Sampling from Stockpiles,and the section on Sampling Aggregates in the Manual of Aggregate andConcrete Testing4for guidance on procedures for s
23、ampling from stock-piles.4.2.4 Perform sieve analysis on the coarse aggregate sampleprepared in 4.2.3.1 by Test Method C136. Discard any set forwhich the sample does not comply with Size 57. Average testresults for samples that comply with Size 57 for each sievesize. Discard any set for which the sa
24、mple deviates from thisaverage by more than the amount shown in column 3. Continuethe process of preparation, testing and averaging until sufficientsets of aggregate within tolerance are obtained.SieveSpecification C33,No. 57PercentPassingMaximumvariationfromaverage/passing37.5mm(112 in.) 100 0025.0
25、 mm (1.00 in.) 95 to 100 1.012.5mm(12 in.) 25 to 60 4.04.75 mm (No. 4) 0 to 10 4.02.36 mm (No. 8) 0 to 5 1.0NOTE 4All of the results required for demonstrating complianceunder this specification are dependent on the uniformity of the aggregatesamples prepared and used. Careful, skilled and well-supe
26、rvised work isessential.4.3 Reference AdmixtureFor this test method, unless oth-erwise requested by the purchaser, the reference admixtureused in the concrete mixture specified in Section 4 shall be“neutralized Vinsol resin.”54.4 Materials for Tests for Specific UsesWhen it is desiredto test an air-
27、entraining admixture for use in specific work, thecement and aggregates used shall be representative of thoseproposed for use in the work, and the concrete mixtures shallbe designed to have the cement content specified for use in thework (Note 5). If the maximum size of coarse aggregate isgreater th
28、an 25.0 mm 1 in., the freshly mixed concrete shallbe screened over a 25.0-mm (1-in.) sieve prior to fabricatingthe test specimens in accordance with the wet sieving proce-dure described in Practice C172.4.5 Preparation and WeighingAll materials shall be pre-pared and all weighings shall be made as p
29、rescribed in PracticeC192/C192M.NOTE 5It is recommended that whenever practicable, tests be made inaccordance with 4.4 using the cement and pozzolanic or chemicaladmixtures, if any, proposed for specific work.5. Concrete Mixtures5.1 ProportionsUsing ACI 211.1, all concrete shall beproportioned to co
30、nform to the following requirements:5.1.1 The cement content shall be 307 6 3 kg/m3517 6 5lb/yd3 except when tests are being made for specific uses (see4.4).5.1.2 The first trial mixture shall contain the amount ofcoarse aggregate shown in Table 6.3.6 of ACI 211.1 for themaximum size of aggregate an
31、d for the fineness modulus of thesand being used.NOTE 6The volumes of coarse aggregate recommended in ACI 211.1are intended to ensure workable mixtures with the least favorablecombinations of aggregate likely to be used. It is suggested, therefore, that4Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annu
32、al Book of ASTMStandards , Vol 04.02.5The sole source of supply of Vinsol resin known to the committee at this timeis Hercules Inc., Wilmington, DE. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful conside
33、ration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend. Neutralization may be accomplished by treating 100 parts ofthe Vinsol resin with 9 to 15 parts of NaOH by weight. In an aqueous solution, theratio of reagent water (See Specification D1193) to the resinate shall not ex
34、ceed 12:1by weight.C233/C233M 112for a closer approximation of the proportions required for this test, therecommended values in ACI 211.1 be multiplied by 1.07 for the first trialmixture.5.1.3 The air content used in the computation of proportionsfor all concrete shall be 5.5 % except where the admi
35、xtureunder test is for use in specific work (see 4.4). In this case theair content used in selecting proportions shall be the median ofthe range to be permitted in the work. If lightweight aggregatesare to be used in specific work, the unit weight of concrete usedin selecting proportions shall be th
36、e median of the rangepermitted in the work.5.1.4 The water content and sand content shall be adjustedto obtain a slump of 90 6 15 mm 312 612 in. Theworkability of the concrete mixture shall be suitable forconsolidation by hand rodding and the concrete mixture shallhave the minimum water content poss
37、ible. These conditionsshall be achieved by final adjustments in the proportion of fineaggregate to total aggregate, in the amount of total aggregate,or both, while maintaining the yield and slump in the requiredranges.5.2 ConditionsConcrete mixtures shall be prepared bothwith the air-entraining admi
38、xture under test and with thereference admixture. For the referenced mixture, the referenceadmixture shall be added in amounts necessary to produce anair content of 5.5 6 0.5 %, or within the range permitted for thespecific work in accordance with 5.1.3. For the test mixture, thetest admixture shall
39、 be added in amounts necessary to producean air content within 0.5 % of the reference mixture.6. Mixing6.1 Machine mix the concrete as prescribed in PracticeC192/C192M.7. Tests and Properties of Freshly Mixed Concrete7.1 Test samples of freshly mixed concrete from at leastthree separate batches for
40、each condition of concrete inaccordance with the following methods and the minimumnumber of tests shall be as prescribed in Table 1.7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C143/C143M.7.1.2 Air ContentTest Method C231. When lightweightaggregates, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or aggregates of highporosity, for which
41、 the aggregate correction factor defined inTest Method C231 exceeds 0.5 %, are used under the provi-sions of 4.4, use Test Method C173/C173M.7.1.3 BleedingTest Methods C232.7.1.4 Time of SettingTest Method C403/C403M, exceptthat the temperature of each of the ingredients of the concretemixtures, jus
42、t prior to mixing, and the temperature at which thetime of setting specimens are stored during the test period shallbe 23.06 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Specimens for test of hardened concrete, representingeach test and age of test and each condition of concrete beingcompare
43、d, shall be made from at least three separate batches,and the minimum number of specimens shall be as prescribedin Table 1. On a given day at least one specimen shall be madefor each test and age of test from each condition of concreteexcept that at least two specimens for the freezing and thawingte
44、st shall be made from each condition of concrete. Thepreparation of all specimens shall be completed in three days ofmixing.8.2 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensEach group of specimensrepresenting a given test or a given age of test, including testsof freshly mixed concrete, shall be examined visually bef
45、ore orduring the test, or both, whichever is appropriate. Discard anyspecimen found to be manifestly faulty by such examinationwithout testing. Visually examine all specimens representing agiven test at a given age after testing, and should any specimenbe found to be manifestly faulty, the test resu
46、lts thereof shall bedisregarded. Should more than one specimen representing agiven test at a given age be found manifestly faulty, eitherbefore or after testing, the entire test shall be disregarded andrepeated. The test result reported shall be the average of theindividual test results of the speci
47、mens tested or, in the eventthat one specimen or one result has been discarded, it shall bethe average of the test results of the remaining specimens.9. Test Specimens of Hardened Concrete9.1 Number of SpecimensMake six or more test speci-mens for the freezing and thawing test and three or more test
48、specimens for each other type of test and age of test specifiedin Table 1 for each condition of concrete to be compared.TABLE 1 Types and Minimum Number of Specimens and TestsTestNumber ofTypes ofSpecimensANumber ofTest AgesNumber ofConditions ofConcreteBMinimumNumber ofSpecimensSlump 1 1 2CAir cont
49、ent 1 1 2CBleeding 1 1 2 6Time of setting 1D26Compressive strength 1 3 2 18Flexural strengthE13218Freezing and thawing 1 1 2 12FLength changeE112 6ASee Section 7 and 9.2.BSee 4.2.CDetermined on each batch of concrete mixed.DSee 7.1.4.EOptional tests, see 10.1.5.FSpecimens for duplicate tests from each batch.C233/C233M 1139.2 Types of SpecimensPrepare specimens made fromconcrete with and without the air-entraining admixture undertest in accordance with the following:9.2.1 Compressive StrengthMake and cure test specimensin accordance with Practic
