1、Designation: C34 12Standard Specification forStructural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearingwall tile
3、.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tileextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 4) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specifica
4、tion.1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured fromclay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength
5、 and dura-bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and firedbond in Terminology C1232.)1.4 The text of this specification references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as require
6、ments of the standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for
7、 Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C1232 Terminology of Masonry3. Classification3.1 Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:3.1.1 Grade LBXSuitable for general use in masonryconstruction and adapted fo
8、r use in masonry exposed toweathering, provided they meet the durability requirements forGrade SW of Specification C216.3.1.2 Grade LBSuitable for general use in masonry wherenot exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonrywhere protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more ofstone, b
9、rick, terra cotta, or other masonry.3.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish aredesired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser.NOTE 1Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree offiring; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classificatio
10、n until after ithas been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.4. Physical Properties4.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform tothe physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed inTable 1.4.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all condi-tions instead o
11、f Grade LB.4.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed inthe wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tileare tile designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of thecells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on theside they shall conform to the requirement
12、s of side-construction tile and vice versa.4.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recessesfor header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 No overall dimension shall vary more than 3 % over orunder the specified dimension for any for
13、m or size of tile.NOTE 2Purchasers and designers should ascertain the type and size oftile, modular or nonmodular, available in the locality under considerationand should specify accordingly, stating the size and type represented bythe available tile.Modular sizes are designated by the specified nom
14、inal dimensionswhich are equal to the actual manufactured dimensions plus the thicknessof one mortar joint, not to exceed12 in. (12.7 mm). For example, if the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
15、teeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C34 10. DOI:10.1520/C0034-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
16、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
17、428-2959. United States1modular, specified, or nominal dimensions of a unit are 4 by 8 by 12 in.(101.6 by 203.2 by 304.8 mm) the actual manufactured dimensions maybe 312 by 712 by 1112 in. (88.9 by 190.5 by 292.1 mm).6. Finish and Appearance6.1 All tile shall be reasonably free of laminations and of
18、cracks, blisters, surface roughness, and other defects thatinterfere with the proper setting of the tile or impair thestrength or permanence of the construction.6.2 The finish of the outer face or faces of tile shall beplaster-base finish or exposed wall finish as specified in theinvitation for bids
19、.6.3 Surfaces of tile for plaster-base finish shall be smooth,scored, combed, or roughened. When smooth, the tile shall befree of glaze and the absorption shall be not less than 5 % normore than 25 %. When scored, each groove shall be not lessthan116 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than14 in. (6.4 mm) in dept
20、h,and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The area coveredby the grooves shall not exceed 50 % of the area of the scoredfaces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched or scarified,prior to firing, by mechanical means which shall makescratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile not les
21、s than116 in., nor more than18 in. (3.2 mm) in depth, and not morethan14 in. apart. When roughened, the die skin on the face ofthe tile shall be entirely broken by mechanical means, such aswire cutting or wire brushing. (The die skin is visible withinthe cells of the tile.)6.4 Surfaces of tile with
22、exposed finish shall be smooth,combed, or roughened. Combed or roughened tile surfacesshall conform to the requirements for these finishes given in6.3.7. Number of Cells7.1 Load-bearing tile shall conform to the following re-quirements for minimum number of cells (see Note 3)inthedirection of wall t
23、hickness (see Note 4 for approximate weightsof tile):Nominal Horizontal Minimum Number ofThickness of CellsAin Direction ofTile as Laid in Wall, in. (mm) Wall Thickness4 (101.6) 16 (152.4) 18 (203.2) 210 (254.0) 212 (304.8) 3ACells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shel
24、ls, andhaving a minimum dimension of not less than12 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area of not less than 1 in.2(6.5 cm2).NOTE 3Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should bechecked as to type of tile required.NOTE 4The following average masses of structural clay load-bearingwall tile
25、 are given only as information:Nominal HorizontalThickness of Tile asLaid in Wall, in. (mm)Average mass, lb/ft2(kg/m2) of tileA4 (101.6) 20 (97.6)6 (152.4) 30 (146.4)8 (203.2) 36 (175.7)10 (254.0) 42 (205.0)12 (304.8) 52 (253.8)AThe masses given in the above table are for scored tile. If any of the
26、faces are notscored the weights are increased 1 lb/ft2of unscored area.7.2 In double-shell tile, the two voids between exterior andinterior shells on the sides of the tile shall be considered as onecell in thickness of wall when their combined width is not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm) provided the short
27、 webs between theinner and outer shells are not greater in number of thicknessthan the long transverse webs holding the inner shells.7.3 Re-entrant spaces not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in depthand not less than 1 in.2(6.5 cm2) in area, which form cellswhen the units are laid in the walls, shall be c
28、onsidered as cellsin the direction of wall thickness, but not in the units.8. Shell and Web Thickness8.1 The average overall thickness of the shells, measuredbetween the inner and extreme outer surfaces of end-construction load-bearing tile, shall be not less than34 in. (19mm) except that in double-
29、shell tile the combined averageover-all thickness of the inner and outer shell shall be not lessthan34 in. The thickness of the webs shall be not less than12in. (12.7 mm).8.2 The average overall thickness of the shells, measuredbetween the inner and extreme outer surfaces of side-construction load-b
30、earing tile, shall be not less than58 in. (15.8mm) except that in double-shell tile the combined averageover-all thickness of the inner and outer shells shall be not lessthan34 in. (19 mm). The thickness of the webs shall be not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm).8.3 The width of any cell in side-construction
31、 tile, measuredin the direction of wall thickness, shall not exceed four and onehalf times the average overall thickness of either the upper orlower bearing shell. If no cell in side-construction tile, mea-sured in the direction of the wall thickness, exceeds four timesthe average overall thickness
32、of either the upper or lowerbearing shell, the requirements for minimum shell and webthickness specified in 8.2 shall be waived.TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesGradeMaximum WaterAbsorptionAby 1-h Boiling, %Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area),Bpsi (MPa)End Construction Tile Side Constructio
33、n TileAverage ofFive TestsIndividualAverage ofFive TestsIndividualAverage ofFive TestsIndividualLBX 16 19 1400 (9.6) 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)LB 25 28 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)AThe range in percentage absorption for tile delivered to any one job shall be not more than 12.BGross a
34、rea of a unit shall be determined by multiplying the horizontal face dimension of the unit as placed in the wall, by its thickness.C341228.4 The thickness of bonding and other types of tile manu-factured for use in combination with brick or other materialsshall match the thickness required by constr
35、uction require-ments.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities for sampling and inspection of unitsboth at the place of manufacture and at the site of the work. Atleast 10 days from the time of sampling is allowed forcompletion of th
36、e tests.9.2 Tile shall be sampled and tested in accordance with TestMethods C67.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that thetile do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost ist
37、ypically borne by the seller. If the results of the test show that the tile doconform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.10. Rejection10.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the require-ments for the grade specified, the manufacturer is permi
38、tted tosort it. New specimens shall be selected by the purchaser fromthe retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer.In case the second set of specimens fails to meet therequirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.11. Keywords11.1 clay; load-bearing tile; masonry; physical properti
39、es;shale; structural wall tile; tileSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C34 10)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2012.)(1) Selected sections within the standard were reorganizedusing the ASTM
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41、f infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this
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43、ur views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C34123
