1、Designation: C34 13C34 17Standard Specification forStructural Clay Load-BearingLoadbearing Wall Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-b
3、earingloadbearing wall tile.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extractedfrom masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of thisstandard is beyond th
4、e scope of this specification.1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjectedto a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulateconstitue
5、nts to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in TerminologyC1232.)1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall
6、not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This international standard w
7、as developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced
8、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C1232 Terminology for Masonry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to structural clay load-bearingloa
9、dbearing wall tile, refer to Terminology C1232.4. Classification4.1 Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:4.1.1 Grade LBXSuitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering,provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specifica
10、tion C216.4.1.2 Grade LBSuitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry whereprotected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.4.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired,
11、 these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.NOTE 1Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of firing; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it hasbeen related to absorption and strength by actual tests.1 This specification is under
12、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published December 2013July 2017. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition appro
13、ved in 20122013 asC34 12.C34 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0034-13.10.1520/C0034-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the AS
14、TM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consul
15、t prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P
16、A 19428-2959. United States15. Physical Properties5.1 Tile shall conform to the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in Table 1.5.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all conditions instead of Grade LB.5.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in the wall w
17、ith axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile are tiledesigned to be placed in the wall with the axes of the cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the side they shallconform to the requirements of side-construction tile and vice versa.5.4 Bonding tile shall be so designe
18、d as to provide recesses for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 No overall dimension shall vary more than 3 % over or under the specified dimension for any form or size of tile.NOTE 2Purchasers and designers should ascertain the type an
19、d size of tile, modular or nonmodular, available in the locality under consideration andshould specify accordingly, stating the size and type represented by the available tile.Modular sizes are designated by the specified nominal dimensions which are equal to the actual manufactured dimensions plus
20、the thickness of onemortar joint, not to exceed 12 in. (12.7 mm). For example, if the modular, specified, or nominal dimensions of a unit are 4 by 8 by 12 in. (101.6 by 203.2by 304.8 mm) the actual manufactured dimensions may be 312 by 712 by 1112 in. (88.9 by 190.5 by 292.1 mm).7. Finish and Appear
21、ance7.1 All tile shall be reasonably free of laminations and of cracks, blisters, surface roughness, and other defects that interfere withthe proper setting of the tile or impair the strength or permanence of the construction.7.2 The finish of the outer face or faces of tile shall be plaster-base fi
22、nish or exposed wall finish as specified in the invitationfor bids.7.3 Surfaces of tile for plaster-base finish shall be smooth, scored, combed, or roughened. When smooth, the tile shall be freeof glaze and the absorption shall be not less than 5 % nor more than 25 %. When scored, each groove shall
23、be not less than 116in. (1.6 mm) nor more than 14 in. (6.4 mm) in depth, and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. The area covered by the groovesshall not exceed 50 % of the area of the scored faces. When combed, the tile shall be scratched or scarified, prior to firing, bymechanical means which
24、shall make scratches or scarifications on the surface of the tile not less than 116 in., nor more than 18 in.(3.2 mm) in depth, and not more than 14 in. apart. When roughened, the die skin on the face of the tile shall be entirely brokenby mechanical means, such as wire cutting or wire brushing. (Th
25、e die skin is visible within the cells of the tile.)7.4 Surfaces of tile with exposed finish shall be smooth, combed, or roughened. Combed or roughened tile surfaces shallconform to the requirements for these finishes given in 7.3.8. Number of Cells8.1 Tile shall conform to the following requirement
26、s for minimum number of cells (see Note 3) in the direction of wall thickness(see Note 4 for approximate weights of tile):Nominal Horizontal Minimum Number ofThickness of CellsA in Direction ofTile as Laid in Wall, in. (mm) Wall Thickness4 (101.6) 16 (152.4) 18 (203.2) 210 (254.0) 212 (304.8) 3ACell
27、s are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shells, and having a minimum dimension of not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectionalarea of not less than 1 in.2 (6.5 cm2).TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesGradeMaximum WaterAbsorptionA by 1-h Boiling, %Minimum Compressive Strengt
28、h (Based on Gross Area),B psi (MPa)End Construction Tile Side Construction TileAverage ofFive Tests IndividualAverage ofFive Tests IndividualAverage ofFive Tests IndividualLBX 16 19 1400 (9.6) 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)LB 25 28 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)A The range in percentage ab
29、sorption for tile delivered to any one job shall be not more than 12.B Gross area of a unit shall be determined by multiplying the horizontal face dimension of the unit as placed in the wall, by its thickness.C34 172NOTE 3Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should be checked as to type of
30、 tile required.NOTE 4The following average masses of structural clay load-bearingloadbearing wall tile are given only as information:Nominal HorizontalThickness of Tile asLaid in Wall, in. (mm)Average mass, lb/ft2(kg/m2) of tileA4 (101.6) 20 (97.6)6 (152.4) 30 (146.4)8 (203.2) 36 (175.7)10 (254.0) 4
31、2 (205.0)12 (304.8) 52 (253.8)AThe masses given in the above table are for scored tile. If any of the faces are not scored the weights are increased 1 lb/ft2 of unscored area.8.2 In double-shell tile, the two voids between exterior and interior shells on the sides of the tile shall be considered as
32、one cellin thickness of wall when their combined width is not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm) provided the short webs between the inner andouter shells are not greater in number of thickness than the long transverse webs holding the inner shells.8.3 Re-entrant spaces not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in dept
33、h and not less than 1 in.2 (6.5 cm2) in area, which form cells whenthe units are laid in the walls, shall be considered as cells in the direction of wall thickness, but not in the units.9. Shell and Web Thickness9.1 The average overall thickness of the shells, measured between the inner and extreme
34、outer surfaces of end-construction tile,shall be not less than 34 in. (19 mm) except that in double-shell tile the combined average over-all thickness of the inner and outershell shall be not less than 34 in. The thickness of the webs shall be not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm).9.2 The average overall t
35、hickness of the shells, measured between the inner and extreme outer surfaces of side-construction tile,shall be not less than 58 in. (15.8 mm) except that in double-shell tile the combined average over-all thickness of the inner andouter shells shall be not less than 34 in. (19 mm). The thickness o
36、f the webs shall be not less than 12 in. (12.7 mm).9.3 The width of any cell in side-construction tile, measured in the direction of wall thickness, shall not exceed four and onehalf times the average overall thickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell. If no cell in side-construction tile,
37、 measured inthe direction of the wall thickness, exceeds four times the average overall thickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell, therequirements for minimum shell and web thickness specified in 9.2 shall be waived.9.4 The thickness of bonding and other types of tile manufactured for use
38、 in combination with brick or other materials shallmatch the thickness required by construction requirements.10. Sampling and Testing10.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities for sampling and inspection of units bothat the place of manufacture and at the
39、 site of the work. At least 10 days from the time of sampling is allowed for completion ofthe tests.10.2 Tile shall be sampled and tested in accordance with Test Methods C67.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the
40、 tests show that the tiledo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller. If the results of the test show that the tile do conformto the requirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the purchaser.11. Rejection11.1 In case the
41、shipment fails to conform to the requirements for the grade specified, the manufacturer is permitted to sort it.New specimens shall be selected by the purchaser from the retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. In case thesecond set of specimens fails to meet the requirements, the
42、 entire lot shall be rejected.12. Keywords12.1 clay; load-bearing loadbearing tile; masonry; physical properties; shale; structural wall tile; tileC34 173SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C34 12C34 13) that may impac
43、t the use of this standard. (December(June 1, 2013)2017)(1) Added Terminology section (Section 3) and renumbered subsequent sections.(1) Revised subsectionsEdited the 5.1,title 8.1, 9.1, and 9.2 to consistently use the word “tile” without unnecessary modifiers-.subsections 1.1, 3.1, 12.1, and Note 4
44、 to properly refer to loadbearing tile.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C34 10)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2012.)(1) Selected sections within the standard were reorganized using the ASTM Form and Styl
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