1、Designation: C361M 14Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete
3、 pipe in-tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelineswith low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding375 kPa.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to SpecificationC361. It is compatible in technical content.NOTE 1Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are n
4、otcovered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should beincluded in specifications for pipe laying.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA82/A82M Speci
5、fication for Steel Wire, Plain, for ConcreteReinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Ten-sile Strength Carbon Steel PlatesA496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire,
6、 Deformed, forConcrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn2013)3A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, MerchantQuality, M-GradesA576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,Special QualityA615/A61
7、5M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical PropertiesA1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength
8、Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, SolutionHardened, and Bake HardenableA1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with ImprovedFormability, and Ultra-High StrengthC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Co
9、ncrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming
10、 Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile (Metric)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProdu
11、ctsC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete StructuresD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D4253 Te
12、st Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low HeadPressure Pipe.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published Ma
13、rch 2014. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C361M 12. DOI:10.1520/C0361M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
14、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Un
15、itWeight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density2.2 Other Standard:ACI Code 318 Standard Building Code Requirements forReinforced Concrete4AISI-C101253. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured accor
16、ding to this specification shallbe for hydrostatic heads of 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kPameasured to the centerline of the pipe. Designs are provided inTable 1 and Table 2 for the above hydrostatic heads combinedwith external loadings of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m (designated A,B, C, and D in Table 1
17、 and Table 2) of earth cover over the topof the pipe under specific installation conditions. The specificinstallation conditions are covered in Appendix X1. Where thehydrostatic head, external loadings, and installation conditionsvary from those given in Table 1 and Table 2 and Appendix X1,detailed
18、design calculations shall be made. The design criteriafor Table 1 and Table 2 are presented in Appendix X2.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classesshall be determined by the results of such material tests as arerequired in 6.2 through 6.9 by crushing tests on
19、cured concretecylinders, by hydrostatic pressure tests on units of the pipe, byjoint leakage tests, and by inspection during or after manufac-ture to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specifica-tion as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready
20、foracceptance when they conform to the requirements, as indi-cated by the specified tests.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steeland concrete act togethe
21、r. Fly ash or pozzolan is not prohibitedwhen used as a partial cement replacement; see 9.1.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 Cement:6.2.1.1 Portland CementPortland cement shall conform tothe requirements of Specification C150.6.2.1.2 Blended Hydraulic CementBlended cement shallconform to the requirem
22、ents of Specification C595 for Type ISportland blast furnace slag cement or Type IP portland pozzo-lan cement, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IPportland pozzolan cement shall not exceed 20 % by weight.6.2.2 Fly Ash or PozzolanFly ash or pozzolan shallconform to the requirements of
23、Specification C618.6.2.3 Allowable Cementitious MaterialsThe combinationof cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one ofthe following:6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only, or6.2.3.4 A combination of portland
24、cement and fly ash orpozzolan, wherein the proportion of fly ash or pozzolan isbetween 5 and 20 % by weight of total cementitious material(portland cement plus fly ash or pozzolan).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for grading are waived.6.4 Adm
25、ixturesAdmixtures, except for air-entrainingagents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted bythe owner. At the option of the manufacturer, or if specified bythe owner, the concrete in precast concrete pipe placed by thecast-and-vibrated method shall contain an air-entraining agentconfor
26、ming to Specification C260. The amount of air-entraining agent used shall be such as will affect the entrain-ment of not more than 3 % air by volume of concrete asdischarged from the mixer.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire conforming to Specification A82/A82M, SpecificationA4
27、96/A496M, or of wire reinforcement conforming to Speci-fication A185/A185M or Specification A497/A497M,orofbars of Grade 300 steel conforming to Specification A615/A615M.6.6 Steel for Joint Rings:6.6.1 Steel strips for bell rings less than 6 mm thick shallconform to Grade SS30 of Specification A1011
28、/A1011M orGrade Designation 1012 of Specification A575. Steel thatmeets the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical compo-nents will be acceptable provided it conforms to Grade SS30 ofSpecification A1011/A1011M in other respects.6.6.2 Steel plate for bell rings 6 mm or more in thicknessand special s
29、hapes for spigot joint rings shall conform toSpecification A36/A36M, or to Grade A of SpecificationA283/A283M, or to Grade Designation 1012 of SpecificationA576, or to Grade 50 of Specification A675/A675M. Steel thatmeets the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical compo-nents will be acceptable pro
30、vided it conforms to SpecificationA36/A36M or to Specification A283/A283M in other respects.6.7 Steel Castings for FittingsSteel castings for fittingsshall conform to Grade 70-36, Normalized, of SpecificationA27/A27M.6.8 Steel Plates and Sheets for Specials and FittingsSteelplates for specials and f
31、ittings shall conform to SpecificationA36/A36M or to Grade B or C of Specification A283/A283Mor Grade SS30 or SS33 of Specification A1011/A1011M orGrade SS30 of Specification A1008/A1008M.6.9 Rubber Gaskets:6.9.1 Composition and Properties All rubber gaskets shallcomply with Specification C1619 in t
32、erms of material andmanufacture. The gaskets shall be of a solid circular cross4Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5Available from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve. NW, Suite 705, Was
33、hington D.C. 20036, http:/www.steel.org.C361M 142TABLE1DesignRequirementsforReinforcedConcreteLow-HeadPressurePipe300to3650mmDiameter,ConcreteDesignStrength34.5MPa(exceptasnoted)SteelReinforcedYieldStrength276MPaNOTE1SeeAppendixforspecificinstallationconditionsanddesigncriteriaconditionsrequiredinco
34、njunctionwiththeuseofTable1.NOTE2DesignationsA,B,C,andD,forclassofpipe,denote1.5,3.0,4.5,and6.0mofearthcoverovertopofpipe.Figures75,Figures150,Figures225,etc.forclassofpipe,denotehydrostaticpressureheadsinkilopascalsmeasuredtocenterlineofpipe.NOTE3An“s”inplaceofasteelareaindicatesthepipeclassisaspec
35、ialdesignrequiringstirrupreinforcement.Stirrupsmaybeeliminatedbychangingwallthickness,mainreinforcement,concretestrength,oracombinationthereof.NOTE4Theboldfacedvaluedenotes41.4MPaconcretestrengthrequired.Circumferentialreinforcement,mm2/linearmofpipeA,BInternalDesignatedDia,mm300375450525600675Typeo
36、fReinforce-mentCircularCircularCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalWallThickness,mm507550755775577560756075637563756679821076682LayersofReinforce-mentSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleInnerO
37、uterInnerOuterSingleSingleClassA-75140120200170250220250250320280320290390350390350460410290200230160460370B-75210170310240390320390320500420500420610540610540740650440280340210740440C-7528022042031054043054043069057069057087073087073010608905903504502501060590D-7536027054039070054070054091073091073
38、011509501150950143011707504405603001430750A-150220220280270350320520520430390610610510480690690600550390300330250780780B-150270230380320480420520520600530610610740660740690880780540370430300880780C-150340280500390630520630520800680800680990860990860119010306904505403401190780D-1504203306204707906407
39、90640102084010208401280107012801070157013108505306503901570850A-225340340430430520520.600600.690690.770770490400430350.B-225340340460430580520.710640.860780.1020920640470520390.C-225400340570470720620.910790.1110980.13301170790550630440.D-225480390700550880730.1130950.14001200.17101440940630730480.A
40、-300490490610610730730.860860.980980.11001100590500590510.B-300490490610610730730.860860.980980.11601100740570620480.C-300490490650610820730.1020900.12401110.14701310880650720530.D-300540490770620980820.12401050.15301320.185015801040730820570.A-375650650820820980980.11401140.13101310.147014707906807
41、80690.B-375650650820820980980.11401140.13101310.14701470830670810660.C-375650650820820980980.11401140.13601310.16101470980750830640.D-3756506508508201070980.13501160.16501450.199017201140830910670.C361M 143TABLE1ContinuedCircumferentialreinforcement,mm2/linearmofpipeA,BInternalDesignatedDia,mm750825
42、TypeofReinforce-mentCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalWallThickness,mm697982881196988727982941197294LayersofReinforce-mentSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleClassA-7553049034023032022025017053041061057040027035024029020061045
43、0B-7588079053034049031037022088049010209506304005403404402701020540C-75126011107204406604004902801260660149013608705307304405803301490730D-751750147092055084049060033017508401940185011206709305407204001940930A-150680640450350430330350270870870780740520400470360400310950950B-1501030940640450600420470
44、3201030870119011207505206604605503801190950C-150142012608305507705005803701420870166015309806508405506804401660950D-1501900163010306509406007004301900940211020201230780104066082051021101040A-225860860560460530440470390.950950640520580470520430.B-22511801100750560700520570420.136012908706407705706504
45、80.C-22515701410940660870610680470.183017001100770950670790550.D-2252060178011307601040700800520.2280219013409001150770930610.A-30012201220670570660560660560.13401340760640730620730620.B-30013401250860670810630690540.15301460990760890690760590.C-300173015701040760980720780570.20001870122089010707809
46、00660.D-3002210193012408701150810890620.245023601460102012608801030720.A-37516301630870760870760870760.18001800960830960840960840.B-37516301630970780920740900730.1800180011108901000800990800.C-3751880172011508701080820930710.217020401330101011809001020780.D-3752360209013409801250910990720.2620253015
47、70114013709901140830.C361M 144TABLE1ContinuedCircumferentialreinforcement,mm2/linearmofpipeA,BInternalDesignatedDia,mm900975C1050TypeofReinforce-mentCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalWallThickness,mm79821001257910088107132881079411313894113LayersofReinforce-mentSingleInnerOuterIn
48、nerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleClassA-75670460320380260330220670490490340420290360240530530520360450310390270570570B-7511307404806003804903001130600790510650410540330790650850540710450590370850710C-7516501030640800480
49、64037016508001090680870530710420109087011607209405707804601160940D-752150133080010106008004502150101014108601100650880500141011001500910119071097055015001190A-150850590450510390440340104010406304805504204803701130113067051059045053040012101210B-1501320870610720500610420132010409306507805406604601130113099069084058073050012101210C-150184011507609206107604901840104012208101000660830540122011301300860108071091059013001210D-150233014509301130720910570233011301540990123078010006201540123016
