1、Designation: C412 15Standard Specification forConcrete Drain Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicate
2、s the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with inter-nal diameters from 4 t
3、o 36 in. that are intended to be used forsurface and subsurface drainage.1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C412 hasbeen developedC412M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only and d
4、oes not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strength classification ofdrain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performanceof the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile,type of bedding a
5、nd backfill, and care that the installation conforms to theconstruction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide foror require inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
6、C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC595/C595M Specificatio
7、n for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admix
8、tures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Clas
9、sification4.1 Drain tile manufactured according to this specificationshall be of the following four classes:4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended forland drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid intrenches of moderate depths and widths. Standard-Qualityconcrete drain tile ar
10、e not recommended for use where internaldiameters in excess of 12 in. are required.4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches ofconsiderable depths or widths, or both.4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, in-
11、tended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laidin trenches of large depths or widths, or both.4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage where special precautions are necessary for concretetile laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusualquanti
12、ties of sulfates (see Section 7), and where the tile are laidin trenches of considerable depths or widths, or both.4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of thecrushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements forextra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tilestrengths
13、 must be specified in advance by the owner.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of drain tile shall be determined by (1)the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and inTest Methods C497,(2) measurements and inspection toascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements
14、 regard-ing dimensions, shape, and freedom from visible defects, and(3) the manufacturers certification in writing that the tile have1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete S
15、ewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C412 11. DOI:10.1520/C0412-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
16、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1been made in accordance with any special provisions,
17、 such asstrength, absorption, permeability, type of cement, admixture,curing conditions, etc.5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class or classes ofconcrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality, Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. UnlessExtra-Quality, Heavy-D
18、uty Extra-Quality, or Special-Qualityconcrete drain tile have been specified, Standard-Quality draintile shall be accepted.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement sha
19、ll conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150/C150M, or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement,or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirementsof Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-stituent in the Type IP portland
20、-pozzolan cement shall be flyash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the re-quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe c
21、ombination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limest
22、one cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash and slag cement, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and flyash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall c
23、onform to the require-ments of Specification C33/C33M, except that the require-ments for gradation shall not apply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends areallowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to SpecificationC260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to SpecificationC
24、494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall beallowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concretepipe as
25、a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designedand manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conform-ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shallbe accepted.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concret
26、e shallbe potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:7.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying specialrequirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tilein cases where the soils,
27、 soil waters, or drainage waters aremarkedly acid or contain moderate or severe quantities of soilsulfates. Without a specific agreement in advance, no drain tileshall be rejected by reason of its composition as determinedlater by chemical analyses.7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 o
28、r lowershall be considered to be markedly acid.7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium ormagnesium, singly or in combination, from 400 to 2000 ppm inthe soil or drainage water, samples shall be considered toconstitute moderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000ppm shall be considered
29、to be severe sulfate quantities.7.1.2 Concrete drain tile that will be installed in markedlyacid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in thetable for Special-Quality concrete drain tile.7.1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfatequantities (Note 2) if if required by the
30、 owner, shall bespecified to meet the physical requirements for Special-Qualityconcrete drain tile (8.3.4). Tile that will be exposed to moderatesulfate quantities (Note 2), if required by the owner, shall bespecified to be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M)containing not more than 8 % tricalciu
31、m aluminate (C3A). Tilethat will be exposed to severe sulfate quantities (Note 2), ifrequired by the owner, shall be specified to be made withPortland Cement (C150/C150M) containing not more than 5 %C3A. If mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer andowner, other cements, as described in Sectio
32、n 6, that have beenproven to be adequately sulfate resistant shall be used.8. Physical Requirements8.1 Test SpecimensThe drain tile to be tested shall beselected at random by the owner at the point or points specifiedin the order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall beinspected and tested in a
33、dvance of shipment. Any additionalexpense for making tests and inspection in advance of ship-ment shall be paid by the manufacturer.8.2 Standard SampleEach standard physical test shall bemade on five individual tile of each size ranging from 4-in.through 12-in. diameters; two individual tiles of eac
34、h sizeranging from 14-in. through 24-in. diameters; or on one tile ofeach size exceeding 24 in. in diameter. The manufacturer shallfurnish tile without separate charge up to 0.5 % of each size ofthe order. The owner shall pay for all the tile in excess of 0.5 %of each size of the order at the same p
35、rice as paid for other tileof the same size and quality.8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements:C412 1528.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirementsgiven in Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test isrequired, o
36、r the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shallmeet the requirements given in Table 1, Column B, where anabsorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.8.3.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 2, Colu
37、mn A, where no absorption test is required, or thethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test isrequired of the limits noted in Table 2.8.3.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, thethree-edge-bearing crushing st
38、rength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 3.8.3.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 4, or the higher specified load.NOTE 2To meet the crushing strength requirements shown in thetables, it is not prohib
39、ited to supply tile designed with increased wallthickness, high compressive strength concrete, or reinforcing, or acombination.8.4 Absorption Tests:NOTE 3Method A absorption test is recommended for drain tilehaving diameters of 12 in. or less. When Method B absorption test is used,the absorption req
40、uirements shall be 0.5 % less than the Method Aabsorption requirements, as shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3,orTable4. Method B absorption procedure is described in Test Methods C497.8.4.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the MethodA absorption test shall meet the requirements given in Tab
41、le 1.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 1, Column A, are met.8.4.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the Method Aabsorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 2.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 2, Column A, are
42、 met.8.4.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, theMethod A absorption test shall meet the requirements given inTable 3.8.4.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile the Method Aabsorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 4.8.4.5 Specimens for the Method A absorption test
43、s shall beselected in accordance with the following provisions:8.4.5.1 For the tile with inside diameters of 12 in. or less,and lengths of 12 in., the absorption test shall be made on onefull-length quarter segment taken from each of the five tilebroken in the strength test, constituting a standard
44、sample asdefined in 8.2. By quarter segment is meant one of the fourpieces into which a tile usually breaks in the strength test. If atile breaks in such a manner that a satisfactory quarter segmentcannot be obtained, then the absorption test shall be made oftwo or more pieces that approximate the a
45、rea of a quarter tileof that size selected so that both ends and the center portion ofthe tile are represented. The average absorption of the pieces soselected shall be considered the absorption for that tile.8.4.5.2 For nonreinforced tile with inside diameters orlengths in excess of 12 in., the abs
46、orption test shall be made onthree specimens: one of the specimens shall be taken from oneend of the tile, another specimen from the opposite end, and thethird specimen from near the center. The average absorption ofthe three specimens shall be considered the absorption for thattile.8.4.5.3 For rein
47、forced tile, the absorption test shall be madeon one specimen taken from each test tile.8.4.5.4 The specimens shall be the full thickness of the tile,as broken or cut from segments that result from the strengthtest. Each specimen shall have a minimum area of not less than25 in.2as measured on one wa
48、ll surface.8.4.5.5 The average absorption for Standard-Quality, Extra-Quality, and Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality tile shall be the aver-age of the absorption tests for the standard sample as defined in8.2 or the average of the absorption tests for the strongest andthe weakest tile as measured by the crus
49、hing strength of thestandard sample. When drain tile fail to meet the absorptiontest requirement as computed by averaging the absorptionsfrom the weakest and the strongest tile of a standard sample,then the average absorption test shall be computed by averag-ing the absorption tests from all the tile from the standardTABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Standard-Quality Concrete Drain TileInternalDesignatedDiameter, in.Standard-Quality Concrete Drain TileMaximum WallThickness forIndicatedStrength,Ain.Three-Edge Bearing Crushing StrengthBMethod A AbsorptionMinimum
