1、Designation: C412M 15Standard Specification forConcrete Drain Tile (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with inter-nal diamete
3、rs from 100 to 900 mm, that are intended to be usedfor surface and subsurface drainage.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-cation C412.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or ther
4、elationship between field load condition and the strength classification ofdrain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performanceof the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile,type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
5、construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlatethe field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide foror require inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150/C150M Sp
6、ecification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile (Metric)C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification
7、 for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C
8、1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Drain tile manufactured according t
9、o this specificationshall be of the following four classes:4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended forland drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid intrenches of moderate depths and widths. Standard-Qualityconcrete drain tile are not recommended for use where internaldiameters
10、 in excess of 300 mm are required.4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches ofconsiderable depths or widths, or both.4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, in-tended for land drainage of ordinary soils where
11、the tile are laidin trenches of large depths or widths, or both.4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for landdrainage where special precautions are necessary for concretetile laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusualquantities of sulfates (see Section 7), and where the t
12、ile are laidin trenches of considerable depths or widths, or both.4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of thecrushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements forextra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tilestrengths must be specified in advance by the owner.5. Bas
13、is of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of drain tile shall be determined by (1)the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and inTest Methods C497M,(2) measurements and inspection toascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements regard-ing dimensions, shape, and freedom from
14、visible defects, and(3) the manufacturers certification in writing that the tile havebeen made in accordance with any special provisions, such as1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforce
15、d Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C412M 11. DOI:10.1520/C0412M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
16、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1strength, absorption, permeability, ty
17、pe of cement, admixture,curing conditions, etc.5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class or classes ofconcrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality, Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. UnlessExtra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Qualityconcrete
18、drain tile have been specified, Standard-Quality draintile shall be accepted.6. Materials6.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cem
19、ent of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement,or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirementsof Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-stituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be flyash.6.2.2 Fly AshF
20、ly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the re-quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in th
21、e concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of
22、 portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and flyash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the require-ments of Specification C
23、33/C33M, except that the require-ments for gradation shall not apply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends areallowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to SpecificationC260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to SpecificationC494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in
24、producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall beallowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concretepipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthe
25、tic fibers(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designedand manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conform-ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shallbe accepted.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shallbe potable or nonpotable water that mee
26、ts the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Chemical Requirements7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:7.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying specialrequirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tilein cases where the soils, soil waters, or drainage waters aremarkedly ac
27、id or contain moderate or severe quantities of soilsulfates. Without a specific agreement in advance, no drain tileshall be rejected by reason of its composition as determinedlater by chemical analyses.7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 or lowershall be considered to be markedly acid.
28、7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium ormagnesium, singly or in combination, from 400 to 2000 ppm inthe soil or drainage water, samples shall be considered toconstitute moderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000ppm shall be considered to be severe sulfate quantities.7.1.2 Concrete
29、drain tile that will be installed in markedlyacid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in thetable for Special-Quality concrete drain tile.7.1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfatequantities (Note 2), if required by the owner, shall be specifiedto meet the physical re
30、quirements for Special-Quality concretedrain tile (8.3.4). Tile that will be exposed to moderate sulfatequantities (Note 2) if required by the owner, shall be specifiedto be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M) containingnot more than 8 % tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Tile that will beexposed to sev
31、ere sulfate quantities (Note 2) if required by theowner, shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement(C150/C150M) containing not more than 5 % C3A. If mutuallyagreed upon between the manufacturer and owner, othercements, as described in Section 6, that have been proven to beadequately sulfate
32、resistant shall be used.8. Physical Requirements8.1 Test SpecimensThe drain tile to be tested shall beselected at random by the owner at the point or points specifiedin the order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall beinspected and tested in advance of shipment. Any additionalexpense for makin
33、g tests and inspection in advance ofshipment, shall be paid by the manufacturer.8.2 Standard SampleEach standard physical test shall bemade on five individual tile of each size ranging from 100-mmthrough 300-mm diameters; two individual tiles of each sizeranging from 350-mm through 600-mm diameters;
34、 or on onetile of each size exceeding 600 mm in diameter. The manufac-turer shall furnish tile without separate charge up to 0.5 % ofeach size of the order. The owner shall pay for all the tile inexcess of 0.5 % of each size of the order at the same price aspaid for other tile of the same size and q
35、uality.8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements:C412M 1528.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirementsgiven in Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test isrequired, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall
36、meet the requirements given in Table 1, Column B, where anabsorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.8.3.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 2, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or t
37、hethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test isrequired of the limits noted in Table 2.8.3.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, thethree-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-ments given in Tab
38、le 3.8.3.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given inTable 4, or the higher specified load.NOTE 2To meet the crushing strength requirements shown in thetables, it is not prohibited to supply tile designed with increased wall
39、thickness, high-strength concrete, or reinforcing, or a combination.8.4 Absorption Tests:NOTE 3Method A absorption test is recommended for drain tilehaving diameters of 300 mm or less. When Method B absorption test isused, the absorption requirements shall be 0.5 % less than the Method Aabsorption r
40、equirements, as shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3,orTable4. Method B absorption procedure is described in Test Methods C497M.8.4.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the MethodA absorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 1.No absorption tests are required if the strength requ
41、irements ofTable 1, Column A, are met.8.4.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the Method Aabsorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 2.No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements ofTable 2, Column A, are met.8.4.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain til
42、e, theMethod A absorption test shall meet the requirements given inTable 3.8.4.4 For Special-Quality drain tile the MethodAabsorptiontest shall meet the requirements given in Table 4.8.4.5 Specimens for the Method A absorption tests shall beselected in accordance with the following provisions:8.4.5.
43、1 For the tile with inside diameters of 300 mm or less,and lengths of 300 mm, the absorption test shall be made onone full-length quarter segment taken from each of the five tilebroken in the strength test, constituting a standard sample asdefined in 8.2. By quarter segment is meant one of the fourp
44、ieces into which a tile usually breaks in the strength test. If atile breaks in such a manner that a satisfactory quarter segmentcannot be obtained, then the absorption test shall be made oftwo or more pieces that approximate the area of a quarter tileof that size selected so that both ends and the
45、center portion ofthe tile are represented. The average absorption of the pieces soselected shall be considered the absorption for that tile.8.4.5.2 For nonreinforced tile with inside diameters orlengths in excess of 300 mm, the absorption test shall be madeon three specimens; one of the specimens sh
46、all be taken fromone end of the tile, another specimen from the opposite end,and the third specimen from near the center. The averageabsorption of the three specimens shall be considered theabsorption for that tile.8.4.5.3 For reinforced tile the absorption test shall be madeon one specimen taken fr
47、om each test tile.8.4.5.4 The specimens shall be the full thickness of the tile,as broken or cut from segments that result from the strengthtest. Each specimen shall have a minimum area of not less than0.16 m2as measured on one wall surface.8.4.5.5 The average absorption for Standard-Quality, Extra-
48、Quality, and Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality tile shall be the aver-age of the absorption tests for the standard sample as defined in8.2 or the average of the absorption tests for the strongest andthe weakest tile as measured by the crushing strength of thestandard sample. When drain tile fail to meet the
49、absorptiontest requirement as computed by averaging the absorptionsfrom the weakest and the strongest tile of a standard sample,TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Standard-Quality Concrete Drain TileInternal DesignatedDiameter, mmStandard-Quality Concrete Drain TileMaximum WallThickness forIndicated Strength,AmmThree-Edge-Bearing Crushing StrengthBMethod A AbsorptionMinimum Average,kN/linear mMinimum Average,kN/linear mMinimum forIndividual Tile,kN/linear mMaximumAverage, %Maximum forIndividual Tile,%AB100 . . 11.5 10.0 10 11125 14 13.0 11.5 10.0 10 11125 16 14.
