1、Designation: C 443 05aStandard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using RubberGaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible watert
3、ight joints forconcrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubbergaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration isa factor in the design. The specification covers the design ofjoints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be usedtherewith, for pipe conforming in all oth
4、er respects to Speci-fication C14, Specification C76, or Specification C 507 andprecast manhole section conforming in all other respects toSpecification C 478, provided that if there is conflict inpermissible variations in dimensions the requirements of thisspecification for joints shall govern.1.2
5、A complete metric companion to Specification C 443has been developedC 443M; therefore, no metric equivalentsare presented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification covers the design and performance of therubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normallyadequate for hyd
6、rostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage,when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltrationquantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors otherthan the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by otherspecifications and suitable testin
7、g of the installed pipeline and system.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14 Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, andCulvert PipeC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole SectionsC 507
8、Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Pipe3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe,
9、see Terminology C 822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall bedetermined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the pipe joints and gaskets conform to thisspecificati
10、on as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with SpecificationC 1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gasketsshall be extruded or molded to the specified size within atolerance of 66 % on any dimension, measured at an
11、y crosssection.6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets Physical Requirementsfor Gaskets6.1 Standard Gasket RequirementsAll rubber gasketsshall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C 1619, Class C.6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket RequirementsAll rubber gasketsshall meet t
12、he dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C 1619, Class D.7. Design of Joints7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint or joints including design and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pip
13、e and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on RubberGaskets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 44305.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.durometer hardness of the rubb
15、er gasket proposed to befurnished under this specification.7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the joining pipe.7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thegasket is capable of bearing shall b
16、e smooth, free of spalls,cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adverselyaffect the performance of the joint.7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that theywill withstand the forces caused by the compression of thegasket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when test
17、edin accordance with Section 9.7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the insideof the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot ortongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5 are notprohibited if proven adequate
18、by plant tests as specified inSection 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on thespigot or tongue shall be modified to properly contain and seatthe gasket.7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing sur-faces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not morethan 75 % of the unco
19、mpressed thickness of the applied gasketincluding the manufacturers tolerances of the joint and gasket.The joint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unitby opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint12 in.wider than the assembled position without reducing its water-tightness
20、. Where greater deflections are required than providedby the joint design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be acontinuous ring which fits snugly into the annular spacebetween
21、 the overlapping surfaces of the assembled pipe joint toform a flexible watertight seal.7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of itsoriginal circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue endof the pipe.7.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubbergasket dictates the
22、 use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, thelubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on theperformance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.NOTE 2Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in theposition after assembly in accordance with the manufacturers des
23、ign.7.2 Alternative Joint DesignsWhen agreed upon by theowner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to theowner detailed designs for joints and gaskets other than thosedescribed in Section 7. Design submissions shall include jointgeometry, tolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed pla
24、nttests, gasket splice bend tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for fieldperformance. Joints and gaskets of alternative joint designsshall at least meet all test requirements of this specification ifpermitted by the owner. Alternative joint designs
25、shall beacceptable provided the designs are approved by the ownerprior to manufacture and provided the test pipe comply withthe specified tests.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shallnot vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more th
26、an316 in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 30 in. andsmaller; or by more than14 in. for internal diameters orequivalent diameters 33 to 54 in. inclusive; or not more than38in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 60 in. andlarger.8.2 The manufacturers tolerances for the width
27、 of theannular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall notvary by more than 610 % of the uncompressed thickness ofthe applied gasket.9. Performance Requirements for Joints9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall passthe following performance tests without leakage at the joints,
28、and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing theassembled joints to stand under a pressure of 13 psi or less, fora maximum of 24 h prior to the test:9.1.1 Pipes in Straight AlignmentHydrostatic pressuretests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections ofpipe, properly connected
29、in accordance with the joint design.At the option of the owner a second such test shall be required.Suitable bulkheads shall be provided either within the pipeadjacent to and on either side of the joint, or at the outer endsof the two joined pipe sections. No fillings or packings shall beplaced prio
30、r to watertightness tests. After the pipe sections arefitted together with the gasket or gaskets in place, the assemblyshall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 13 psi(30 ft) pressure head for 10 min. Moisture or beads of waterappearing on the surface of the joint will not be conside
31、red asleakage. If leakage of joints should initially occur, the manu-facturer shall have the option to extend the test period up to 24h.9.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflected PositionUpon comple-tion of the test for pipes in straight alignment in 9.1.1, the testsections shall be deflected to create a posi
32、tion12 in. wider thanthe assembled position on one side of the outside perimeter ofeach joint and shall be subjected to an internal hydrostaticpressure of 10 psi for 10 min. Moisture or beads of waterappearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered asleakage.9.1.3 Unless prohibited by th
33、e owner at or before the time ofplacing an order for pipe with diameters 36 inches or larger, themanufacturer has the option to test the pipe joint for water-tightness to the parameters established in sections 10.1.1 and10.1.2 by methods which pressurize the rubber gasketed jointeither internally or
34、 externally.10. Storage10.1 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to thelubricant manufacturers recommended temperature range.11. Inspection11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe jointand gasket shall be subject to inspection and approval by aninspector employed by the owner.C
35、 443 05a212. Certification12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shallfurnish written certification that the joint lubricant conforms toall requirements of this specification for the specific gasketssupplied.13. Marking13.1 LubricantThe following information shall be clearlymarked on eac
36、h container of lubricant.13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer.13.1.2 Usable temperature range for application and stor-age.13.1.3 Shelf life.13.1.4 Lot or batch number.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damageduring handling, of each pipe end, are not prohibited frombein
37、g repaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of theowner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2;provided the circumferential length of a single area to berepaired shall not exceed one fourth of the inside diameter orequivalent diameter of the pipe or the circumferential len
38、gth ofseveral areas combined does not exceed one half of the insidediameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe.14.2 At the option of the owner, the pipe joint that has beenrepaired shall be subjected to the designated hydrostatic test inaccordance with 9.1.1 and shall be accepted if it passes thehyd
39、rostatic test requirements.15. Rejection15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the requirements of thisspecification. Pipe that is damaged because of carelessness orcontinuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facture or damage du
40、ring handling shall be subject to rejection.15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the work.16. Keywords16.1 concrete pipe; joints; rubber gasketsASTM International takes no position respecting the val
41、idity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is sub
42、ject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headqua
43、rters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standa
44、rd is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 443 05a3
