1、Designation: C443 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using RubberGaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cov
3、ers flexible watertight joints forconcrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubbergaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration isa factor in the design. The specification covers the design ofjoints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be usedtherewith, for pipe co
4、nforming in all other respects to Speci-fication C14, Specification C76, or Specification C507 andprecast manhole section conforming in all other respects toSpecification C478, provided that if there is conflict in permis-sible variations in dimensions the requirements of this speci-fication for joi
5、nts shall govern.1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C443 hasbeen developedC443M; therefore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this specification.NOTE 1This specification covers the design and performance of therubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normal
6、lyadequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage,when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltrationquantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors otherthan the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by otherspecifications a
7、nd suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations is
8、sued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, StormDrain, and Culvert PipeC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC478 Specification f
9、or Circular Precast Reinforced ConcreteManhole SectionsC507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete EllipticalCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Structures3. Terminology3.1 De
10、finitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall bedetermined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whe
11、ther the pipe joints and gaskets conform to thisspecification as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with SpecificationC1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gasketsshall be extruded or molded to the specified size
12、within atolerance of 66 % on any dimension, measured at any crosssection.6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets6.1 Standard Gasket Requirements All rubber gasketsshall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class C.6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket RequirementsAll r
13、ubber gasketsshall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class D.7. Design of Joints7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint or joints including design and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
14、ittee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C443 12. DOI:10.1520/C0443-12R17.2For ref
15、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
16、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Tr
17、ade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1durometer hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to befurnished under this specification.7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the joining pipe.7
18、.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thegasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls,cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adverselyaffect the performance of the joint.7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that theywill withstand the forces
19、caused by the compression of thegasket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when testedin accordance with Section 9.7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the insideof the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot ortongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5m
20、easured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5 are notprohibited if proven adequate by plant tests as specified inSection 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on thespigot or tongue shall be modified to properly contain and seatthe gasket.7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-
21、bearing sur-faces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not morethan 75 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasketincluding the manufacturers tolerances of the joint and gasket.The joint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unitby opening one side of the outside perime
22、ter of the joint12 in.wider than the assembled position without reducing its water-tightness. Where greater deflections are required than providedby the joint design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible and wate
23、rtight. The gasket shall be acontinuous ring of circular or non-circular cross-section whichfits snugly into the annular space between the overlappingsurfaces of the assembled pipe joint to form a flexiblewatertight seal.7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of itsoriginal circumfer
24、ence when seated on the spigot or tongue endof the pipe.7.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubbergasket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, thelubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on theperformance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposu
25、re.NOTE 2Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in theposition after assembly in accordance with the manufacturers design.7.2 Alternative Joint DesignsWhen agreed upon by theowner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to theowner detailed designs for joints and gaskets oth
26、er than thosedescribed in Section 7. Design submissions shall include jointgeometry, tolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed planttests, gasket splice bend tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for fieldperformance. Joints and gaskets of alternat
27、ive joint designsshall at least meet all test requirements of this specification ifpermitted by the owner. Alternative joint designs shall beacceptable provided the designs are approved by the ownerprior to manufacture and provided the test pipe comply withthe specified tests.8. Permissible Variatio
28、ns in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shallnot vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more than316 in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 30 in. andsmaller; or by more than14 in. for internal diameters orequivalent diameters 33 to 54 in. inclusive;
29、 or not more than38in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 60 in. andlarger.8.2 The manufacturers tolerances for the width of theannular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall notvary by more than 610 % of the uncompressed thickness ofthe applied gasket.9. Performance Requirement
30、s for Joints9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall passthe following performance tests without leakage at the joints,and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing theassembled joints to stand under a pressure of 13 psi or less, fora maximum of 24 h prior to the test:9.1.1 Pi
31、pes in Straight AlignmentHydrostatic pressuretests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections ofpipe, properly connected in accordance with the joint design.At the option of the owner a second such test shall be required.Suitable bulkheads shall be provided either within the pipeadjacent
32、 to and on either side of the joint, or at the outer endsof the two joined pipe sections. No fillings or packings shall beplaced prior to watertightness tests. After the pipe sections arefitted together with the gasket or gaskets in place, the assemblyshall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pr
33、essure of 13 psi(30 ft) pressure head for 10 min. Moisture or beads of waterappearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered asleakage. If leakage of joints should initially occur, the manu-facturer shall have the option to extend the test period up to 24h.9.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflecte
34、d PositionUpon comple-tion of the test for pipes in straight alignment in 9.1.1, the testsections shall be deflected to create a position12 in. wider thanthe assembled position on one side of the outside perimeter ofeach joint and shall be subjected to an internal hydrostaticpressure of 10 psi for 1
35、0 min. Moisture or beads of waterappearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered asleakage.9.1.3 Unless prohibited by the owner at or before the time ofplacing an order for pipe, the manufacturer has the option totest the pipe joint for watertightness to the parameters estab-lished in 9
36、.1.1 and 9.1.2 by methods which pressurize therubber gasketed joint either internally or externally.10. Storage10.1 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to thelubricant manufacturers recommended temperature range.11. Inspection11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe jointand g
37、asket shall be subject to inspection and approval by aninspector employed by the owner.C443 12 (2017)212. Certification12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shallfurnish written certification that the joint lubricant conforms toall requirements of this specification for the specific gas
38、ketssupplied.13. Marking13.1 LubricantThe following information shall be clearlymarked on each container of lubricant.13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer.13.1.2 Usable temperature range for application and stor-age.13.1.3 Shelf life.13.1.4 Lot or batch number.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufac
39、turing imperfections, or damageduring handling, of each pipe end, are not prohibited frombeing repaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of theowner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2;provided the circumferential length of a single area to berepaired shall not exceed o
40、ne fourth of the inside diameter orequivalent diameter of the pipe or the circumferential length ofseveral areas combined does not exceed one half of the insidediameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe.14.2 At the option of the owner, the pipe joint that has beenrepaired shall be subjected to the
41、designated hydrostatic test inaccordance with 9.1.1 and shall be accepted if it passes thehydrostatic test requirements.15. Rejection15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the requirements of thisspecification. Pipe that is damaged because of care
42、lessness orcontinuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facture or damage during handling shall be subject to rejection.15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the work.16. Keywords16.1
43、 concrete pipe; joints; rubber gasketsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the r
44、iskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of t
45、his standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmak
46、e your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained b
47、y contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 12 (2017)3
