1、Designation: C473 12Standard Test Methods forPhysical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the physical testing of gypsumpanel products.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionFlexural Streng
3、th (Method A) 7Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method A) 8Nail Pull Resistance (Method A) 9Flexural Strength (Method B) 11Core, End and Edge Hardness (Method B) 12Nail Pull Resistance (Method B) 13Humidified Deflection 14End Squareness 15Nominal Thickness 16Recessed- or Tapered Edge Depth 17Width 18Len
4、gth 19Water Resistance of Core-Treated Water-RepellentGypsum Panel Products 20Surface Water Resistance of Gypsum Panel Productswith Water-Repellent Surfaces 211.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI un
5、its that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The text of these test methods references notes andfootnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not beconsidered as requirements of these test methods.
6、1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced D
7、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine th
8、e Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Standards:3TAPPI T441 Water Absorptiveness of Sized (Non-Bibulous)Paper, Paperboard, and Corrugated Fiberboard (CobbTest)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions used in these test methods are in accordancewith Terminology C11.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
9、dard:3.2.1 edge, nthe paper-bound edge, or long edge, asmanufactured.3.2.2 ends, nthe end perpendicular to the paper-boundedge or long edge.4. Sampling4.1 For use in these test methods, a sample shall consist ofnot less than 0.25 % of the number of gypsum panel productsin a shipment, but not less th
10、an three gypsum panel products.Test specimens shall be taken from the sample lot as indicatedin each method.5. Conditioning5.1 Condition specimens to constant weight at a temperatureof 85 6 15 F (29.5 6 8.5 C) and relative humidity of 50 61These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit
11、tee C11 onGypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems and are the direct responsi-bility of Subcommittee C11.01 on Specifications and Test Methods for GypsumProducts.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20
12、10 as C47310. DOI:10.1520/C0473-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical
13、Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http:/www.tappi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12
14、% (Note 1). Test specimens individually after constantweight is reached and within 10 min upon removal from theconditioning chamber.NOTE 1Laboratory test results indicated that conditioning tempera-tures may range from 70 to 100 F (21 to 38 C) without significantlyaffecting the results. However, rel
15、ative humidity is critical. This is thereason for testing specimens within 10 min upon removal from theconditioning chamber.Method AConstant Rate of LoadingINTRODUCTIONThe following procedures are applicable to so-called “shotmachines” that utilize lead or steel shot that applies a load tothe specim
16、en at a constant stress rate or any other device thatapplies the load at a constant stress rate.6. ApparatusMethod A6.1 Testing MachineApply the test load at a uniform rateof 1 lbf/s (4.45 N/s) 610 %. Apply the load with a deviceindependent of manual control of the rate of loading during anindividua
17、l sample test (see Fig. 1). The deformation of thespecimen controls the cross head speed.7. Flexural Strength (Method A)7.1 Summary of Test MethodFlexural properties of gyp-sum panel products are evaluated by supporting the specimennear the ends and applying a transverse load midway betweenthe suppo
18、rts.7.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a proce-dure for evaluating the ability of gypsum panel products towithstand flexural stresses during handling or use of thematerial. This test method is used to determine compliancewith gypsum panel product specifications. The degree ofcorrelation
19、 between this test and service performance has notbeen fully determined.7.3 ApparatusSee Section 6.1.7.3.1 Specimen SupportsAll specimen bearing supportsand load surfaces shall be true, shall engage the full width ofthe test specimen, shall be of such strength they will notdeform under the test load
20、, and shall be rounded to a radius of0.125 in. (3.2 mm). The specimen supports shall be spaced 146 0.016 in. (356 6 0.41 mm) on centers measured at the pointsof surface contact with the specimen. The supports shall beattached to a plate that shall be rigidly attached to the testapparatus. The suppor
21、ts shall be parallel to each other andperpendicular to the long dimension of the test specimen. Thebearing surface of the end supports shall be on the same planeto ensure contact along the entire bearing surfaces. Supportsshall be not less than 12 in. (305 mm) in length. When a loadis being applied,
22、 the loading bar shall be in contact with the fullwidth of the specimen. The load-bearing surface shall beparallel to the bearing surface of the specimen supports. Thespecimen and supports shall be located so that the vertical axisthrough the center of the load-bearing surface passes throughthe spec
23、imen at one half of the specimen width and one half ofthe distance between the supports.7.4 SamplingSampling shall be in accordance with Sec-tion 4.7.5 Test Specimens:7.5.1 Cut four specimens, each 12 in. (305 mm) by approxi-mately 16 in. (406 mm) from each gypsum panel product in thesample, two hav
24、ing the 16-in. dimension parallel to the edgeand two having the 16-in. dimension perpendicular to the edge.Cut the specimens not less than 4 in. (102 mm) away from theends and edges of the gypsum panel product except where theproduct is 24-in. or less in width, where it is impossible to doso.7.5.2 C
25、ondition specimens in accordance with Section 5.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 Use the apparatus in 7.3, supporting each specimencentrally on the fixed parallel bearings, 14-in. (356 mm) oncenters, and apply the load on a similar bearing midwaybetween the supports. Position perforated gypsum lath so theload is
26、 not applied over perforations.7.6.2 For specimens with the long dimension parallel to theedge, test one specimen from each gypsum panel product faceup and the other face down. For specimens with the longdimension perpendicular to the edge, test one specimen fromeach gypsum panel product face up and
27、 the other face down.7.6.3 For gypsum panel products with surfacing material,the load is determined at the time of transverse failure of thesurfacing material and core through the thickness of thespecimen. The specimens shall not show a break in the bondbetween the surfacing and the core before tran
28、sverse failure ofthe gypsum panel product. If a single specimen fails, test twoadditional specimens from the same sample, and, if either oneof the two specimen fail, the sample has failed. For gypsumpanel products without surfacing material, the load is deter-mined at the time of transverse failure
29、through the thickness ofthe specimen.7.7 ReportCalculate and report the average breaking loadin pound-force or newtons for each test condition, rounded tothe nearest 1 lbf (N). The test conditions are: (1) parallel, faceup; (2) parallel, face down; (3) perpendicular, face up; and, (4)perpendicular,
30、face down.7.8 Precision and BiasSee Section 22 and Tables 1 and 2.8. Core, End, and Edge Hardness (Method A)8.1 Summary of Test MethodThe core, end, and edgehardness of gypsum panel products is evaluated by determiningthe force required to push a steel punch into the area of test.FIG. 1 Apparatus Sc
31、hematic for Core, End, and Edge HardnessTestC473 1228.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a proce-dure for evaluating the ability of the gypsum panel productcore, ends, and edges to resist crushing during handling or useof the material. This test method is used to determine compli-ance wit
32、h gypsum panel product specifications. The degree ofcorrelation between these test methods and service perfor-mance has not been determined.8.3 ApparatusSee 6.1. Clamp or secure the specimen tothe base of the test apparatus shown in Fig. 1 with the face ofthe specimen perpendicular to the base of th
33、e test apparatus andparallel to the movement of the steel punch. Secure the steelpunch to the moving head of the test apparatus, positioned sothat its center axis is parallel with the line of travel and so thatthe punch is inserted into the core equidistant from the surfacesof the specimen. Use a st
34、eel punch 0.099 6 0.003 in. (2.515 60.076 mm) in diameter and more than12 in. (12.7 mm) longwith the bearing surface machined to a 90 angle in referenceto the punch center line (see Fig. 1 for test setup schematic).8.4 SamplingSampling shall be in accordance with Sec-tion 4.8.5 Test Specimens:8.5.1
35、Specimens for Core HardnessUsing a table or bandsaw, cut one specimen from the center of each gypsum panelproduct sample approximately 12 by not less than 3 in. (305 by76 mm), with the 12-in. dimension perpendicular to the edgesof the products. The smaller, not less than 3 in., dimension willvary de
36、pending on the specific punch length and opening in thetesting machines. Place the sample in the tester, with theloading arm in a horizontal position and with the punch restingon the specimen. Saw cuts along the 12-in. dimension shall besmooth and square with the smaller (not less than 3-in.)dimensi
37、on, as well as with the specimen.8.5.2 Specimens for End HardnessCut specimens thesame size and method as described in 8.5.1 from one mill-cutend of the gypsum panel product, with the 12-in. (305-mm)dimension perpendicular to the edges and run tests only on themill-cut end of the specimens.8.5.3 Spe
38、cimens for Edge HardnessCut specimens thesame size and method as described in 8.5.1 from the oppositeedges of each gypsum panel product, with the 12 in. (305 mm)dimension of the specimens parallel with the edges. Forgypsum panel products with surfacing material, cut a14 to12-in. (6 to 13-mm) strip o
39、f surfacing material from the edge ofthe test specimens exposing the core for test. Remove as littleof the core as possible when removing the surfacing material.Prepare the first test area 2 612 in. (51 6 13 mm) from oneedge of the specimen, with the next two test areas approxi-mately 4 in. (102 mm)
40、 apart.8.5.4 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5.8.6 ProcedureUsing the apparatus in 8.3, clamp or securethe specimen in a fixed vertical position on its 12 in. (305 mm)dimension edge (see Fig. 1 for test setup schematic. Ifnecessary, modify the flexural strength test equipment toconduc
41、t the core, end, and edge hardness test). Place this testsurface not less than 1 in. (25 mm) above the grip of thespecimen holder. Conduct three tests spaced approximately 4in. (102 mm) apart on each specimen, with the first test area 2612 in. (51 6 13 mm) from one edge of the specimen.Position the
42、steel punch over the test area and apply the load.Report as the core, end, or edge hardness the load required topush the steel punch a distance of12 in. (13 mm) into the coreof the specimen.8.6.1 Procedure for Core HardnessTest in 3 locations oneither of the 12-in. (305-mm) saw cut edges of each spe
43、cimen.8.6.2 Procedure for End HardnessTest in 3 locations onthe 12-in. (305-mm) mill-cut end of each specimen.8.6.3 Procedure for Edge HardnessTest in 3 locationsalong each of the two 12-in. (305-mm) edges. For productswith surfacing material, test where the surfacing material hasbeen removed.8.7 Re
44、portReport the core, end, and edge hardness indi-vidually as the average load in pounds-force or newtonsrounded to the nearest 1 lbf (N). Discard any single test valueTABLE 1 Parallel Flexural Strength, Method B (lbf) 5 Labs / 81 Data PointsPanel AverageAStandardDeviation ofthe SampleAveragesRepeata
45、bilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitxsxsrsRrRA 49.4871 6.3911 11.9766 12.6641 33.5344 35.4593B 85.2847 5.4871 16.3279 16.3279 45.7180 45.7180C 35.6045 4.3757 6.3969 7.2970 17.9112 20.4316AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TAB
46、LE 2 Perpendicular Flexural Strength, Method B (lbf) 7 Labs / 117 Data PointsPanel AverageAStandardDeviation ofthe SampleAveragesRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitxsxsrsRrRA 138.1732 3.8219 6.2402 6.8598 17.4725 19.2075B 206.7995 7.41
47、86 8.8020 10.9361 24.6457 30.6212C 80.0015 1.9580 1.5868 2.4356 4.4431 6.8196AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.C473 123that varies from the average by more than 15 % and repeat thetest on the same sample to obtain a new value.8.8 Precision and BiasSee Section 22 and Tables 3-5.9.
48、Nail Pull Resistance (Method A)9.1 Summary of Test MethodThe ability of gypsum panelproducts to resist nail pull-through is evaluated by determiningthe load required to push a standard nail head through theproduct.9.2 Significance and UseThis test method covers a proce-dure for evaluating the abilit
49、y of gypsum panel products toresist nail pull-through by determining the load required toforce a standard nail head through the product. This testmethod is used to determine compliance with gypsum panelproduct specifications. The degree of correlation between thesetest methods and service performance has not been determined.9.3 ApparatusSee 6.1. This apparatus shall be used witheither of the specimen support plates in 9.3.1 or 9.3.2.9.3.1 Fig. 2 shows a schematic of a nail pull resistanceapparatus adaptable to a typical flexural streng
