ASTM C539-1984(2006) Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method《用干扰法测定搪瓷、釉瓷和白色陶.pdf
《ASTM C539-1984(2006) Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method《用干扰法测定搪瓷、釉瓷和白色陶.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM C539-1984(2006) Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method《用干扰法测定搪瓷、釉瓷和白色陶.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: C 539 84 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forLinear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and GlazeFrits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by InterferometricMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 539; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the interferometric deter
3、mina-tion of linear thermal expansion of premelted frits (porcelainenamel and glaze) and fired ceramic whiteware materials attemperatures lower than 1000C (1830F).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
4、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of RigidSolids with Interferometry3. Significance and Use3.1 T
5、his test method defines the thermal expansion ofporcelain enamel and glaze frits by the interferometric method.This determination is critical in avoiding crazing (cracking) ofthese glass coatings due to mismatching of the thermalexpansion between the coating and substrate materials.4. Apparatus4.1 S
6、ample Preparation Equipment:34.1.1 Glazed Porcelain Crucible, No. 0.4.1.2 Fireclay Crucible, 102 mm (4 in.) in diameter.4.1.3 Rotating Abrasive Grinding Wheel (a silicon carbidetype is satisfactory).4.2 Micrometer Calipers, having a sensitivity such that theindex can be read to 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.)
7、.4.3 Measuring Apparatus, consisting of fused silica inter-ferometer plates, viewing apparatus, an electric furnace andcontrol, potentiometer, pyrometer, and a suitable monochro-matic light source of known wavelength.4.3.1 FurnaceThe furnace shall be a vertical electric tubefurnace controlled by rhe
8、ostat or other means so the heatingrate of the furnace can be readily duplicated from roomtemperature to 1000C (1830F). The heating rate shall notexceed 3C (5.5F)/min.4.3.2 Temperature Measuring Instrument A calibratedplatinum versus platinum-rhodium thermocouple (or aChromel versus Alumel thermocou
9、ple if it is frequently cali-brated) in conjunction with a potentiometer shall be used. Thepotentiometer shall be capable of being read to 2C (4F) andshall have automatic compensation for the temperature of thereference junction, or the reference junction shall be held at0C (32F) by means of an ice
10、bath.5. Test Specimens5.1 For frit samples, three test specimens shall be preparedas follows:5.1.1 Fill a No. 0 glazed porcelain crucible with frit, placethe filled crucible inside a 102-mm (4-in.) diameter fireclaycrucible partly filled with silica, and work the small crucibledown into the silica u
11、ntil approximately 75 % of the smallcrucible is below the level of the silica.5.1.2 Place the crucible assembly into a furnace at atemperature high enough to just melt the mass. Hold for 15 minafter the frit has reached the furnace temperature.5.1.3 Remove the crucible, rapidly transfer it to anothe
12、rfurnace that is at the frit firing temperature, and cool in thefurnace at a rate not to exceed 60C (110F)/h.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 onMaterials for Porcelain Enamel and
13、 Ceramic-Metal Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 539 84 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
14、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3An example of suitable test equipment and an inferometric method may befound in the paper by Merritt, G. E., “The Interference Method of MeasuringThermal Expansion,” Journal of Research, Na
15、tional Institute of Standards andTechnology, Vol 10, No. 1, January 1933, p. 59 (RP 515).A description of a permissible automatic fringe recording device may be foundin the paper by Saunders, J. B., “An Apparatus for Photographing InterferencePhenomenon,” Journal of Research, National Institute for
16、Standards and Technol-ogy, Vol 35, No. 3, September 1945, p. 157 (RP 1668).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.4 Break the small crucible open and break up thevitreous mass. Select six fragments from the interior of t
17、hemass (to avoid side portions diluted by the ceramic crucible)having minimum conical dimensions of 3 mm (18 in.) at thebase and 6 mm (14 in.) high.5.2 For fired samples, break and select six samples havingminimum conical dimensions of 3 mm (18 in.) at the base and6mm(14 in.) in height. For all samp
18、les, grind the base of theflat cones and cement the flat cone base to the flat end of a glassrod with heated sealing wax. Grind the piece to a finished coneby rotating the rod while the piece is held against a rotatingabrasive wheel (a silicon carbide type is satisfactory).5.2.1 When a reasonably sy
19、mmetrical cone with a roundedtip is obtained, remove it from the rod by heating the wax or bypressure with the fingertips. Remove all sealing wax with aknife blade or abrasive paper.5.2.2 The test cone height may be of the order of 4.8 mm(316 in.). These bases must be smooth and flat. Use No. 0metal
20、lurgical paper to approach the desired figure and then usesuccessively finer papers until the final reduction is made witha No. 3/0 paper.6. Calibration of Furnace46.1 Using the following procedure, calibrate the furnacecontrols to obtain a heating rate of 3C (5.5F)/min:6.1.1 Prepare three conical s
21、pacers closely approximatingthe dimensions of the final test pieces described in Section 5.These spacers shall be ground from fragments of refractoryceramic known to have a softening temperature in excess of1000C (1830F).6.1.2 Assemble the upper and lower interferometer plateswith three refractory s
22、pacers as described in Section 7, exceptfringe development is not necessary. Place this assembly in thefurnace test location. Center the hot junction of an 18 or20-gage thermocouple within the triangle formed by thespacers. It will usually be necessary to extend the thermo-couple out through the top
23、 of the furnace tube. This thermo-couple temperature measurement equipment shall meet therequirements in 4.3.2.6.1.3 The output of this thermocouple shall be used toestablish corrections required in calibrating the furnace tem-perature measuring system. Both temperature values and heat-ing rates sha
24、ll be so corrected if differences exist.7. Procedure7.1 Assemble (outside the furnace) the three test piecesprepared as described in Section 5 between the two interfer-ometer plates as follows:7.1.1 Place the plate with the one frosted side down withinthe refractory specimen crucible.7.1.2 Place the
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