1、Designation: C 565 93 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forTension Testing of Carbon and Graphite MechanicalMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimen, andprocedures for the tensi
3、on testing of carbon and graphitemechanical materials with a grain size smaller than 0.79 mm(132 in.).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
4、if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Ca
5、rbon andGraphiteC 749 Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon andGraphiteE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to manu-factured carbon and graphite, see
6、Terminology C 709. Thedefinitions of terms relating to tension testing in TerminologyE6shall be considered as applying to the terms used in thesetest methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods may be used for quality controltesting of established grades of carbon and graphite materials,in
7、 the development of new grades, and for other purposeswhere relative strength levels are the primary quantities ofinterest. This test method may be applicable only if the ratio ofspecimen diameter to grain size, or flaw size, is greater than 5.4.2 These test methods do not substitute for that descri
8、bedin Test Method C 749, but are useful where less sophisticateddata and less expensive techniques are sufficient.4.3 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physi-cal property differences within parent materials. Exact sam-pling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in orderto
9、 make meaningful tensile strength comparisons.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine The machine used for tension testingshall conform to the requirements of Practices E4. The testingmachine shall have a capacity that the breaking load of the testspecimen falls between 10 and 90 % of the scale capacity.5.2
10、 Gripping DevicesGripping devices that conform tothose illustrated in Fig. 1 shall be used. These gripping devicesshall be attached to the heads of the testing machine throughchain connectors. Fig. 2 shows the gripping device connectedto the heads. Extreme care shall be taken that the axis of thetes
11、t specimen is located on the center line of the head of thetesting machine.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall be produced to the configurationshown in Fig. 3.6.2 Improperly prepared test specimens often cause unsat-isfactory test results. It is important, therefore, that care beexercised in t
12、he preparation of specimens, particularly in themachining and polishing.6.3 The specimen shall be hand polished with No. 000 drypaper until no circular grooves are visible to the naked eye.6.4 The acceptable fracture zone of the specimen shall be 19mm (34 in.) long with the center of the zone at the
13、 point ofminimum diameter. Marks indicating fracture zone limits maybe applied with ink or layout dope, but no scratching, punch-ing, or notching of the specimen is permissible.6.5 To determine the cross-sectional area, the diameter ofthe specimen at the narrowest point shall be used. Thedimension s
14、hall be recorded to the nearest 0.02 mm (0.001 in.).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Pu
15、blished May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 565 93 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
16、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Speed of Testing7.1 Speed of testing may be defined in terms of free-runningof the crosshead speed or in terms of rate of stressing thespec
17、imen. Both methods are permissible.7.2 When free-running crosshead speed is used, the speedshall be 0.50 6 10 % mm (0.020 6 10 % in.)/min.7.3 When rate of stressing the specimen is used, an appliedforce of 890 6 220 N (200 6 50 lbf)/min shall be used.8. Tensile Strength8.1 Calculate the tensile stre
18、ngth by dividing the maximumload carried by the specimen during a tension test by thecross-sectional area of the specimen as defined in 6.5. Theweight of the bottom grip assembly must be accounted for inthe tensile strength calculation.8.2 If any part of the fracture takes place outside theacceptabl
19、e fracture zone as defined in 6.4, the test shall bediscarded but reported.9. Report9.1 Report the following:9.1.1 Identification; manufacturer, grade number, lot num-ber, and original material size;9.1.2 Average ultimate tensile strength (MPa or psi);9.1.3 Method of loading (see Section 7);9.1.4 Nu
20、mber of samples tested;9.1.5 Number of samples reported;9.1.6 Standard deviation (MPa or psi); and9.1.7 Specimen orientation.10. Precision and Bias10.1 These test methods are intended to be less sophisti-cated than the method described in Test Method C 749. For thisNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches
21、.NOTE 2Material is stainless steel.NOTE 3Surface finish of working surfaces, 11 microinches AA orbetter.NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.NOTE 5Top and bottom collars to be split into two 180 sections. Maxcutwidth not to exceed116 in.FIG. 1 Gripping DevicesFIG. 2 Test SetupNOTE 1All dimensions are in in
22、ches.NOTE 2Specimen shall be hand-polished on 9.141 to 9.172 radiuswith No. 000 dry paper until no circular grooves are visible to the nakedeye.FIG. 3 Test SpecimenC 565 93 (2005)2reason an interlaboratory test program was not performed, butrather a direct comparison of the two tensile-test techniqu
23、eswas made. Two graphite grades of low variability were testedby two different laboratories, one with extensive experiencewith Test Method C 749, the other in the technique of thisstandard.10.2 The details of the experiments, the data base, and thestatistical analyses may be obtained from ASTM.310.3
24、 PrecisionApproximately 20 specimens of the twomaterials were supplied for testing under these test methodsand ten specimens for testing under Test Method C 749. Theresulting data were examined for outliers by the Dixon Test,Grubbs T-Test, and skewness. The data sets were examinedfor normality by th
25、e Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and for skew-ness and kurtosis. No outliers were found and only kurtosis forthe two ten-specimen sets was found to be significant. Thisdoes not invalidate a test on means.10.3.1 By the approximate T-test, the means for the twotechniques were found to be the same for any sig
26、nificance levela equal to or less than 0.60 (two sided) corresponding to anobserved difference in means of 0.9 %. An F-test on varianceratios between the two tests showed a significant difference ata equal to or greater than 0.025 (one sided) for the observedvariance ratio of about five.10.3.2 It is
27、 concluded that these test methods will quitesatisfactorily produce mean values of tensile strengths, but arenot satisfactory for producing good estimates for variance(standard deviation) unless proven by other measurementtechniques for the material in question.10.4 BiasBias has not been determined.
28、11. Keywords11.1 carbon; graphite; tensile strengthASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent righ
29、ts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for
30、revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing
31、you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may
32、be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C05-1006.C 565 93 (2005)3
