1、Designation: C 582 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forContact-Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP)Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 582; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department
3、 of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers composition, thickness, fabri-cating procedures, and physical property requirements for glassfiber reinforced thermoset polyester, vinyl ester, or otherqualified thermosetting resin laminates comprising the materi-als of construction for RTP corrosio
4、n-resistant tanks, piping,and equipment. This specification is limited to fabrication bycontact molding.NOTE 1The laminates covered by this specification are manufacturedduring fabrication of contact-molded RTP tanks, piping, and otherequipment.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard
5、.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Sec
6、tion 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prio
7、r to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid ServiceD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidP
8、lasticsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured R
9、einforcedResinsD 3681 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiber-glass” (GlassFiberReinforced Thermosetting-Resin)Pipe in a Deflected ConditionE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials3. Definitions3.1 Definitions used in this specification are in accordancewith Ter
10、minology D 883 unless otherwise indicated. Theabbreviation for reinforced thermoset plastic is RTP.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current
11、 edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 582 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
12、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 polyesterresins produced by the polycondensation ofdihydroxyderivatives and dibasic organic acids or anhydri
13、des,wherein at least one component contributes ethylenic unsat-uration yielding resins that can be compounded with styrylmonomers and reacted to give highly crosslinked thermosetcopolymers.3.3 vinyl esterresins characterized by reactive unsatura-tion located predominately in terminal positions that
14、can becompounded with styryl monomers and reacted to give highlycrosslinked thermoset copolymers.NOTE 3These resins are handled in the same way as polyesters infabrication of RTP components.3.4 contact moldinga method of fabrication wherein theglass-fiber reinforcement is applied to the mold, in the
15、 form ofchopped strand mat or woven roving, by hand or from a reel,or in the form of chopped strands of continuous-filament glassfrom a chopper-spray gun. The resin matrix is applied byvarious methods, including brush, roller, or spray gun. Con-solidation of the composite laminate is by rolling.4. C
16、lassification4.1 Laminates shall be classified according to type, class,and grade.4.1.1 TypeIn Roman numerals, shall designate the rein-forcement structure comprised of specific plies of glass fiber inspecific sequences.4.1.1.1 Type IA standard all-mat or chopped-roving con-struction, or both, as sh
17、own in Table 1.4.1.1.2 Type IIA standard mat or chopped-roving andwoven-roving construction, or combination thereof, as shownin Table 2.4.1.1.3 Other types, such as standard mat or chopped rovingwith alternating layers of nonwoven biaxial or unidirectionalreinforcement in the structured plies. may b
18、e qualified inaccordance with Appendix X2.4.1.2 ClassIn capital letters, shall designate the genericresin: “P” for polyester and “V” for vinyl ester. The letters“FS” followed by parenthesis, “FS( ),” shall designate fireretardancy, if specified, with maximum flame spread in theparentheses in accorda
19、nce with Test Method E84.NOTE 4Fire retardancy by Test Method E84 is determined for0.125-in. (3.175-mm) thick, flat laminates with all-mat glass content of 25to 30 %.NOTE 5Maximum flame spread designation by Test Method E84relates to measurement and description of the properties of materials,product
20、s, or systems in response to heat and flame under controlledlaboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for thedescription or appraisal of the fire hazard of materials, products, orsystems under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may beused as elements of a fire ris
21、k assessment that takes into account all thefactors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or a particularend use.4.1.3 GradeIn Arabic numerals, shall designate the mini-mum physical property levels of a laminate at 73.4 6 3.6F (236 2C).NOTE 6The five Arabic grade numbers designate m
22、inimum physicalproperty levels of a laminate obtained from tests of representativeproduction process samples. They are not arbitrarily selected values.4.1.4 ThicknessNominal, shall be designated by Arabicnumber in decimal hundredths of an inch. (See Table 1 andTable 2 for standard thicknesses.)NOTE
23、7Table 1 and Table 2 are for reference purposes and do notpreclude other laminate-type constructions, such as nonwoven biaxial orunidirectional fabric, which may be agreed upon between the buyer andthe seller, or may be added to this specification if they have been fullyidentified and characterized,
24、 as shown in Appendix X2.4.1.5 Classification Requirements for Different LaminatesLaminate designation from Table 3 shall consist of the abbre-viation RTP followed by (1) type in Roman numerals; (2) classin capital letters followed by FS( ) if required; (3) gradeconsisting of fiveArabic numbers to d
25、esignate minimum levelsTABLE 1 Standard Laminate Composition Type IACalculatedThicknessBCCorrosionBarrierDStructural PliesENumber and Sequence of PliesDraftingSymbolsin. (m) 1 23456789101121314151617180.18 (4.6) V MMMM V, 4M0.23 (5.8) V MMMMM V, 5M0.27 (6.9) V MMMMMM V, 6M0.31 (7.9) V MMMMMMM V, 7M0
26、.35 (8.9) V MMMMMMMM V,8M0.40 (10.2) V MMMMMMMMM V,9M0.4 (1.2) V MMMMMMMMMM V,10M0.48 (12.) V MMMMMMMMMMM V,1M0.53 (13.5) V MMMMMMMMMMMM V,12M0.57 (14.5) V MMMMMMMMMMMMM V,13M0.61 (15.) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMM V,14M0.6 (16.8) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM V,15M0.70 (17.8) V MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM V,16M0.74 (18.) V MMMMMMMMM
27、MMMMMMMM V,17MAGlass content, weight, % = 25 to 30, all thickness.BCalculated thickness for design purposes is determined as follows:V = Surfacing mat 0.010 in./ply (0.25 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.M=11/2 oz/ft2(459 g/m2) mat 0.043 in./ply (1.1 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.CThe thickness
28、 shall be not less than 90 % of the calculated thickness shown.DCorrosion barrier (Plies 1, 2, and 3) shall gel before structural plies are added.EStructural lay-up may be interrupted at intervals long enough to exotherm if required by the laminate manufacturing procedure and 6.3.1.C582092of physica
29、l properties and (4) thickness designated by Arabicnumber in decimal inches (or ALL, if properties apply to allthicknesses).4.1.5.1 Examples:(1) RTP I P 13211 ALL, designates Type I polyesterlaminate, non-fire-retardant Grade 13211, having the followingminimum physical property levels (see Table 3):
30、Tensile strength, ultimate9000 psi (62 MPa).Tensile modulus1 050 000 psi (7242 MPa).Flexural strength, ultimate18 000 psi (124 MPa).Flexural modulus700 000 psi (4828 MPa).Glass content25 %.Thickness“ALL” thicknesses.(2) RTP II P FS(25) 55433.30, designates Type II,polyester fire-retardant resin lami
31、nate with a maximum flamespread of 25, Grade 55433 having the following minimumphysical property levels (see Table 3):Tensile strength, ultimate17 500 psi (121 MPa).Tensile modulus1 300 000 psi (8966 MPa).Flexural strength, ultimate22 000 psi (152 MPa).TABLE 2 Standard Laminate Composition Type IICa
32、lculatedThicknessABGlassContent(weight,%)CorrosionBarrierCStructural PliesDNumber and Sequence of PliesDraftingSymbolsin. (m) 123456789101121314151617181920210.22 (5.6) 28 to 33 V M M M R M V, 2M, MRM0.29 (7.4) 30 to 35 V M M M R M R M V, 2M, 2(MR)M0.37 (9.4) 30 to 35 V M M M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR
33、)M0.41 (10.4) 30 to 35 V M M M R M R M R M M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,M0.49 (12.5) 34 to 38 V M M M R M R M R M M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,MRM0.57 (14.5) 34 to 38 V M M M R M R M R M M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,2(MR)M0.64 (16.3) 37 to 41 V M M M R M R M R M M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,3(MR)M0.69 (17.5) 37 to 41 V M M M R
34、 M R M R M M R M R M R M M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,3(MR)M,M0.76 (19.3) 37 to 41 V M M M R M R M R M M R M R M R M M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M,3(MR)M,MRMACalculated thickness for design purposes is determined as follows:V = Surfacing mat 0.010 in./ply (0.25 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.M=11/2 oz/ft2(459 g/m2) mat
35、 = 0.043 in./ply (1.1 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.R=241/2 oz/yd2(832 g/m2)53 4 woven roving = 0.033 in./ply (0.84 mm/ply) when saturated with resin.BThe thickness shall be not less than 90 % of the calculated thickness shown.CCorrosion barrier (Plies 1, 2, and 3) shall gel before structural pl
36、ies are added.DStructural lay-up may be interrupted long enough to exotherm following an “M” ply, if required by the laminate manufacturing procedure. Location of exotherm pliesmay be shifted within the laminate body. No plies may be omitted. Refer to 6.3.1.TABLE 3 Classification System for Hand Lay
37、-up Laminates Using Minimum Property ValuesAClassification OrderRTP followed by:(1) Type I II III IV V(2) Class PPolyesterVVinylester. . . . . . . . . followed by FS ( ), ifspecified with flamespread in parentheses inaccordance with TestMethod E84Physical and Mechanical Properties(3) Grade 1 2 3 4 5
38、 6 7 8 9 01st Digit: Tensile strength, 9 11 13 15 17.5 20 . . . . . . . . . . . .ultimate psi 3 103(MPa) (62) (76) (90) (104) (121) (138) . . . . . . . . . . . .2nd Digit: Tensile modulus, 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.3 1.5 1.75 2.0 . . . . . .tangent psi 3 103(MPa) (5 863) (6 552) (7 242) (7 932) (8 966)
39、(10 346) (12 070) (13 794) . . . . . .3rd Digit: Flexural strength, 16 18 20 22 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ultimate psi 3 103(MPa) (110) (124) (138) (152) (166) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4th Digit: Flexural modulus, 0.7 0.85 1.0 1.15 1.3 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .psi 3 106(MPa) (4 828) (5 8
40、63) (6 897) (7 932) (8 966) (10 346) . . . . . . . . . . . .5th Digit: Glass content, by 25 28 30 34 37 40 44 . . . . . . . . .weight, %ATable will be completed as new resins and higher strength laminates become available.C582093Flexural modulus1 000 000 psi (6897 MPa).Glass content30 %.Thickness0.3
41、0 in. (7.62 mm).5. Materials5.1 Resin Matrix System:5.1.1 The resin shall be determined to be acceptable for theservice either by test, see 8.6, or by verified case history.5.1.2 Catalyst/Promoter System, shall be as recommendedor approved by the resin producer.5.1.3 Diluents, such as added styrene,
42、 fillers, dyes, pig-ments, or flame retardants shall be used only when agreed uponbetween the fabricator and the buyer. When such items arerequired, limits for each shall be agreed upon between thefabricator and the buyer. A thixotropic agent may be added tothe resin for viscosity control.NOTE 8The
43、addition of fillers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, andthixotropic agents may interfere with visual inspection of laminate quality.NOTE 9Chemical resistance can be significantly affected by thecatalyst/promoter system, diluents, dyes, fillers, flame retardants, orthixotropic agent used in the res
44、in.5.1.4 Resin Pastes, used where necessary to fill crevicesformed by joining subassemblies before overlay shall not besubject to the limitations of 5.1.3. Pastes shall be made withthixotropic agents.5.1.5 Ultraviolet Absorbers, may be added to the exteriorsurface for improved weather resistance whe
45、n agreed uponbetween the fabricator and the buyer.5.2 Fiber Reinforcement:5.2.1 Surfacing Mat (veil) is a thin mat of fine fibers usedprimarily to produce a smooth surface on a reinforced plastic.5.2.1.1 Veil shall be determined to be acceptable for theservice either by Test Methods C 581 or D 3681,
46、orbyaverified case history.5.2.1.2 Requirements of acceptable surface veils are:(a) Resin compatibility,(b) Uniform fiber distribution,(c) Single filaments (not bundled),(d) The thickness shall be a minimum of 10 mils per plywhen saturated with resin, and(e) Minimum fiber length shall be 0.5 in.NOTE
47、 10The chemical resistance of the RTP laminate is provided bythe resin. In combination with the cured resin, the surfacing veil helpsdetermine the thickness of the resin-rich layer, reduces microcracking, andprovides a nonwicking chemically resistant layer.Additional desirable considerations in choo
48、sing a veil for a specificapplication include:(a) Drapability (surfacing veil should conform to mold shape),(b) Dry and wet tensile strength,(c) Binder solubility (if used),(d) Wetability,(e) Surfacing veil shall wet-out completely without trapping air duringlaminating, and(f) Surfacing veil should
49、not inhibit resin cure.5.2.2 Chopped-Strand Mat, shall be “E” or “ECR” typeglass fiber, 112 oz/ft2(459 g/m2), with sizing and bindercompatible with the resin.5.2.3 Woven Roving, shall be “E” or “ECR” type glass, 2412oz/yd2(832 g/m2), 5 by 4 square weave fabric having a sizingcompatible with the resin.5.2.4 Roving, used in chopper guns for spray-up application,shall be “E” or “ECR” type glass with sizing compatible withthe resin.5.2.5 Other Reinforcements, such as nonwoven biaxial orunidirectional fabric. These products shall be a commercia
