1、Designation: C 591 08Standard Specification forUnfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular PolyisocyanurateThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the type
3、s, physical properties,and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyiso-cyanurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insula-tion on surfaces from 297F (183C) to 300F (150C). Forspecific applications, the actual temperature limits shall beagreed upon by the manufacturer and purch
4、aser.1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modifiedpolyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly re-ferred to as “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This stan-dard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials.Polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate and other polyure-t
5、hane materials are similar, but the materials will performdifferently under some service conditions.1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, nota design document. Physical property requirements vary byapplication and temperature. At temperatures below - 70F(- 51C) the physical prop
6、erties of the polyisocyanurate insu-lation at the service temperature are of particular importance.Below - 70F (- 51C) the manufacturer and the purchasermust agree on what additional cold temperature performanceproperties are required to determine if the material can functionadequately for the parti
7、cular application.1.4 Tables in theAnnexA1 address requirements of unfacedpreformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulationmanufactured with HCFC blowing agent.1.5 The use of thermal insulation material covered by thisspecification may be regulated by building codes that addressfire perfo
8、rmance.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an
9、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Proper
10、tiesof Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-erties of Block-Type Thermal Insul
11、ationC 272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materialsfor Structural Sandwich ConstructionsC 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC 390 Practice for Samplin
12、g and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC 550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squarenessof Rigid Bloc
13、k and Board Thermal InsulationC 585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of RigidThermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing(NPS System)C 871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC 1045 Practice for
14、Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties Under Steady-State ConditionsC 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibi
15、lity of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 591 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
16、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C 1114 Test Method f
17、or Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC 1303 Test Method for Predicting Long-Term ThermalResistance of Closed-Cell Foam InsulationC 1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusD 883
18、Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties Of RigidCellular PlasticsD 1622 Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD 1623 Test Method for Tensile and Tensile AdhesionProperties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD 2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cell
19、ular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD 2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cel-lular Plastics by the Air Pycnometer3D 6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cel-lular PlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Wa
20、ter Vapor Transmission ofMaterials3. Terminology3.1 For descriptions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminologies C 168 and D 883.3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass allpolyurethane containing materials (see 1.2).3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to representativesamples
21、 cut in accordance with the sampling procedure listedwithin each property test method.4. Classification4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified into sixtypes as follows:4.1.1 Type ICompressive resistance of 20 lb/in2(137kP
22、a), minimum.4.1.2 Type IVCompressive resistance of 22 lb/in2(150kPa), minimum.4.1.3 Type IICompressive resistance of 35 lb/in2(240kPa), minimum.4.1.4 Type IIICompressive resistance of 45 lb/in2(310kPa), minimum.4.1.5 Type VCompressive resistance of 80 lb/in2(550kPa), minimum.4.1.6 Type VICompressive
23、 resistance of 125 lb/in2(862kPa), minimum.4.2 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation covered by this specification is classified intotwo grades as follows:4.2.1 Grade 1Service temperature range of - 70F (- 51C)and 300F (150C).4.2.2 Grade 2Service temperature range of
24、 - 297F(- 183C) and 300F (150C).3Withdrawn.TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsAGrade 1: Operating Temperature Range -70F (-51C) to 300F (149C)Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3(kg/m3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)Compressive resistan
25、ce at 10 % deformationor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2(kPa)20 (137) 22 (150) 35 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125(862)Apparent thermal conductivity, maxBtu-in/h-ft2F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)
26、-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.03
27、2)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.
28、4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 + 4F (70 + 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 44444440 + 6F (40+ 3C), ambient relative humidity 111111212 + 4F (100 + 2C), ambient relative humidity 222222Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surface performance, at 300F (149C
29、)BPass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassAThis specification does not purport to address all the performance issues associated with its use. it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate performance criteria.BPass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C5910825. Ordering Information5.1 Or
30、ders for materials purchased under this specificationshall include the following:5.1.1 Designation of this specification and year of issue,5.1.2 Product name or type, or both,5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thicknessrequired,5.1.4 Product dimensions,5.1.5 Quantity of material,5.1.6
31、Special packaging or marking, if required, and5.1.7 Special requirements for inspection or testing, or both.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation is produced by the polymerization of polymericpolyisocyanates in the presence of polyhydr
32、oxyl compounds,catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.6.2 The material covered by this specification shall besupplied in “bun” form or finished board stock or specialshapes as agreed upon by the manufacturer and end-user.7. Physical Properties7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocya
33、nurate ther-mal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1 or Table 2.7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is an organic mate-rial and is combustible. Do not expose this insulation to flamesor other ignition sources. The fire performance of the materialshall be addressed through
34、 fire test requirements established bythe appropriate governing authority. The manufacturer shall becontacted for specific data as fire performance characteristicwill vary with grade, type, and thickness.7.3 Not all physical properties at temperature below - 70F(-51C) have been fully tested. Where t
35、hese properties arecritical, the user shall consult the manufacturer for propertiesand performance at these lower temperatures.8. Dimensions and Tolerances8.1 The dimensions shall be as agreed upon by the pur-chaser and the supplier. Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation iscommonly available in length
36、s up to 144 in. (3.66 mm), widthsup to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesses from 0.5 in. (13 mm) to24 in. (610 mm).8.2 Insulation Board:8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)Length 618 (3.2)Width 6116 (1.6)Thickness 6132 (0.8)8.2.2 Edge TruenessDetermin
37、e in accordance with TestMethod C 550.The maximum deviation from the edge truenessshall not be greater than132 in/ft (2.6 mm/m) of length orwidth.8.2.3 Face TruenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C 550. The maximum deviation from flatness shall notbe greater than116 in/ft (5.2 mm/m) of leng
38、th or width.8.2.4 Corner SquarenessDetermine in accordance withTest Method C 550. The maximum deviation from cornersquareness shall not be greater than18 in. (3.2 mm) for allboard thicknesses.TABLE 2 Physical Property RequirementsGrade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C)Prope
39、rty Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3(kg/m3) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)Compressive resistance at 10 % deformationor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/in2(kPa)22 (150) 30 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125 (862)Apparent thermal conductivity, ma
40、xBtu-in/h-ft2F (W/m-K),at a mean temperature of:-200F (-129C) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .14 (.020) .14 (.020) .15 (.022)-150F (-101C) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .16 (.023) .16 (.023) .17 (.025)-100F (-73C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)-50F (-46C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20
41、(.029) .21 (.030)0F (-17C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)50F (10C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)75F (24C) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030) .21 (.030) .22 (.032)150F (66C) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .25 (.036) .25 (.036) .26 (.037)200F (93C) .27 (.039) .27
42、(.039) .28 (.040) .28 (.040) .30 (.044)Water absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)Dimensional stability, max % linear change158 + 4F (70 + 2C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 4444440 + 6F (40+
43、3C), ambient relative humidity 11111212 + 4F (100 + 2C), ambient relative humidity 22222Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90Hot-surface performance, at 300F (149C)APass Pass Pass Pass PassAPass/fail criteria found in 12.4.C5910838.2.5 Edge SquarenessDetermine in accordance with TestMethod C 550.
44、The maximum deviation from edge squarenessshall not be greater that116 in. (1.6 mm) for all boardthicknesses.8.3 Pipe Insulation:8.3.1 Material supplied for pipe insulation shall have di-mensions and tolerances that are in accordance with PracticeC 585.9. Workmanship and Appearances9.1 The polyisocy
45、anurate thermal insulation shall have nodefects that will adversely affect its service qualities.10. Sampling10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the polyisocyanurate ther-mal insulation shall be sampled and inspected for acceptance ofmaterial in accordance with Practice C 390.10.2 Inspection Requiremen
46、ts:10.2.1 The requirements for density shown in Table 1, thedimensional requirements described in Section 8, and theworkmanship and appearance requirements described in Sec-tion 9 are defined as inspection requirements (refer to PracticeC 390).10.3 Qualification Requirements:10.3.1 The physical requ
47、irements shown in Table 1 andTable 2 except density are defined as qualification requirements(refer to Practice C 390). Density is defined as an inspectionrequirement.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 A period of at least 72 h shall elapse from the time ofmanufacture of the polyisocyanurate thermal insul
48、ation untilcutting of any test specimens. The core test specimens shall becut from the cores of the test samples as required for testing.11.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall beconditioned at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for at least 12 h prior to testing.12. T
49、est Methods12.1 DensityDetermine in accordance with Test MethodD 1622 or C 303.12.2 Compressive ResistanceDetermine in accordancewith Test Method C 165, Procedure A or Test Method D 1621,Procedure A at a crosshead speed of 0.1 in/min (2.5 mm/min)for each 1 in. (25 mm) of specimen thickness. See Note 1.NOTE 1Polyisocyanurate insulation can be anisotropic and, therefore,strength properties can vary with direction. The manufacturer should beconsulted if additional information is
