1、2004年 5月笔译三级实务真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school or elsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 i
2、n England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents. Many, aged 3-4 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, recept
3、ion classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in some private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents). The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school wi
4、th a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is providing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with pri
5、vate and voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans“ for securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools call best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years devel
6、opment partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellence centers“ designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare. I
7、n Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from Au- gust 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year a
8、ccess to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998. Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statu
9、tory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-school places. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她
10、是怎样成为诗人的。 “我已有多年没有写诗了， ”她微笑说， “可是我还是爱读好诗。 ” 冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件 改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌、文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。 她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰
11、心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。 2004年 5月笔译三级实务真题试 卷答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5岁至 16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为4岁至 16岁。大约 93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立 学校，这种学校靠
12、学生家长缴费来筹措经费。 许多三、四岁的孩子上幼儿园和幼儿班 (在英格兰还有小学校里的小班 )。某些民办的日托幼儿园和学前游戏小组 (大都是家长组织的 )也提供学前教育。 政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。在英格兰和威尔土，政府从 1998年 9月开始为所有 4岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育，如果他们的父母需要的话。政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。为达到这些目标，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出 “早期教育发展计划 ”。制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家
13、长服务。从 1999年 4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。此外，政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立 “优秀早期教育中心 ”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。 在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。 1998年 8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。政府计划在 1998年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良 好的非全日制教育。 北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为 4岁，每年 9月学生按统一日期入学。一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增
14、加了学前教育学生的名额。 【试题解析】 1 see that务必使 ，保证，注意，专心 分析 理解结构采分点。 短语 see that： make sure； take care务必使 ，保证，注意，专心在本文中表示 “要确保， (务必 )使 ” 2 full-time education全日制教育 分析 基本素质采分点。 full-time(工作、学习等 )全部规定时间； (足球等的 )比赛结束 full-time education是固定的专有名词，要用公认的名称来译。 对照 part-time education非全日制教育； compulsory education义务教育； free
15、 education免费教育 3 Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education， at school or elsewhere， between the ages of 5 and 16 in England，Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5岁至 16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为 4岁至 16岁。 分析 理解结构采分
16、点。 此句是个复合句。主句是个被动语态结构， that引导一个宾语从句，之后又分别带有地点状 语和时间状语。要分析其语法结构来理解词义，但翻译时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词序也要作相应的调整：汉译时，英语中的一些状语可放到主句之前，被动语态有时在汉语中不必译出。 4 About 93 percent of pupils receive free education from public funds， while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents大约 93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教
17、育，其他 学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。 分析 理解结构采分点。 这是一个由连词 while连接的并列句。 independent schools后有分词短语financed by fees paid by parents，可将句子断开来译。另外还要注意英语中有些词用法很活，要根据上下文的不同而变换译法和词性；此外还要根据汉语习惯来扩展释义，将话说完整。本句中的 receive译成 “享受 ”， from不要译成 “来自 ”而是译成 “由 ”，中间可增加 “提供的 ”， funds可译成 “投资或经费 ”； 前半句即可译成： 享受由公家 (政府 )提供的免费教育。 fina
18、nce在此不是名词 “财政，金融 ”，而是动词，译成 “负担经费 ”， fees paid by parents译成：靠学生家长交费。 5 The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。 分析 理解结构采分
19、点。 翻译此句时要根据汉语的语言习惯来译，词性要作相应的转换，如将名词译作动词： a major expansion of pre-school education大力发展学前教育；介词译作动词，而将原来的动词不定式译成介词短语： wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation使所有 的儿童在开始上学的时候 都有一点基础。并将 in literacy and numeracy译作 “在识字和识数方面 ”。 6 and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 yea
20、r olds thereafter 政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。 分析 用词选词采分点。 根据上下文 staged targets在此译作：分阶段实现 的目标。 7 Local education authorities， in partnership with private and voluntary providers， have drawn up“early years development plans”for securing these objectives，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出 “早期教育发展计划 ”。 分析 用词选词采
21、分点。 in partnership with在此译作：与 合作； providers供应者，提供者，在此译作 “志愿 (协助政府的 )办学者 ”。 8 The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries，playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。 分析 理解结构采分点。 英译汉时，经常根据汉语
22、的习惯把英语的被动语态转为主动或反过来。本句应译为：制订这类计划旨在表明 。 9 From April 1999， early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integrated with early education从 1999年 4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句中的 integrated with early education是分词短语作定语，在翻译时只需将它放
23、到所修饰的中心词前即可， (提供 )与早期教育相结合的 ( 儿童保健 )。 10 In Scotland， local education authorities have been taking the leading role，from August 1998， in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places， working in partnership with voluntary and private providers在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。 1998年 8月
24、以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句虽是个简单句，但带有许多短语 (状语 )：我们翻译时，常常将这些短语转化成汉语中的句子，同时注意为了意思的连贯和通顺，要变换译法和顺序。如上面： in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places， working in partnership with voluntary and private providers可译成： (他们 )与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。 1
25、1 The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part- time education by the winter of 1998 分析 用词选词采分点。 access to有权使用，常与 get, have， give等词连用，在此 give access to可译作： 使 享受到。 12 Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date i
26、n September each year北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为 4岁，每年 9月学生按统一日期入学。 分析 理解结构采分点。 此句又为转性译法 _在翻译过程中将原文的词性进行转换。将原文中的形容词 lower变成副词 “较低 ”，将名词短语译成动词短语： a single school entry date按统一日期入学。 13 A pre-school education expansion programme， undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards， other statu
27、tory providers and the private and voluntary sectors， has provided additional pre-school places一项由教育局与图书馆管理 局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。 分析 理解结构采分点。 (参见上面第九句 ) 本句是断句译法。句中的划线部分是个分词短语，在翻译时将它译成定语，并将它放到所修饰的中心词前即可。本句中 other statutory providers不译作 “其它法定的提供者 ”，而是根据上下文译成 “其它法定办学单位 ”。 二、 PA
28、RT 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt
29、 very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I havent written poetry for many years,“ she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.“ Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a
30、womens college in Beijing in 1919, an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement, a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in ch
31、arge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems, articles and stories, attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms. Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Littl
32、e Readers. The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xins writings that started them on the road they have since followed. 【试题解析】 1向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日
33、到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。 It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday So on October 5 last year， when I went to Bing Xins house， I felt very excited 分析 理解表达采分点。 原文是四个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整，本句采用并句的技巧将之译为两个句子。前两个单句译为用形式主语 it代替主语从句的结构： It isnt often tha
34、t后两句用顺译法 So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xins house， I felt very excited， 2我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。 I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet 分析 理解表达采分点。 本句用顺译的方法即可，但翻译时需根据英语习惯采用增词技巧；汉语中所用动词在翻译过程中要通过主从复合句的层次来体现：原 文中的 “解释说 ”、 “希望 ”、 “讲一下 ”、 “成为 ”译作 I
35、 explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet 3冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。 Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write 分析 理解表达采分点。 汉语中常将定语放在所修饰的中心词前，之间用 “的 ”连接 ，而在英语中定语常用一个从句来表达，因此本句中的 “鼓励她学习和写作的父母 ”可译作 parents who encouraged her to study an
36、d write。 4一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。 When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in 1919， an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life 分析 理解表达采分点。 本句要采用补译法，因为 “改变了她生命的事件 ”指的是 “当时发生的 ”，所以在译文中按英语习惯加入了 occurred，句子结构也因此有所变化。 5五四运动 the May 4th Movement 分析 基本素质采分点。 五四运动是个专有
37、名词。 6她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。 Going to the U S in 1923 to study literature， she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there 分析 理解表达采分点。 原文是两个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整；本句采用并句法将之译为一个句子；前面一句用分词短语作状语，后面一句作主句。 7这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。 The book brought her instant fame， not only because she was a woman writer， but also because of the noble sentiments in the book 分析 理解表达采分点。 本句可用并句法翻译。因后面的两个单句表原因，可作状语从句，并将之与前面一个句子合并成一个复合句，使得句子结构更为严谨，更符合英语习惯。
