1、2007年 3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Most “unassertive“ people are not confident and take no for an answer much too easily. There is a growing awareness in our society that this tendency (1) the rights of large numbers of people. For example, in recent years there has been an upsu
3、rge in (2) and pressure groups. This is a (3) as there will always be a need for such organizations to (4) individuals and minorities in a competitive society. The danger is that we (5) for our rights and lose the art of asserting ourselves. It is better for (6) with other people if you can learn (7
4、) for yourself. Now, we have to learn to ignore some of the (8) that may be ringing in our unconscious minds, such as: “If you ask once more, Ill flatten you“, and “ (9) “. The main technique that we use in (10) to practice the art of persistence is called Broken Record. (11) we hear one sentence ov
5、er and over again until we reach screaming pitch and (12) . Broken Record is the skill of being able to repeat over and over again, (13) , what it is you want or need, until the other person gives in or (14) . Now, this technique is extremely useful for dealing with situations where your rights are
6、clearly (15) , or coping with situations where you are likely to be diverted by clever, (16) . The beauty of using Broken Record is that you (17) because you know exactly what you are going to say, however (18) the other person tries to be. As with most assertive techniques, it must be used appropri
7、ately. It is (19) and is not designed to foster deep, interesting conversations and friendships with people! It is primarily of use in situations where (20) . Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you wil
8、l be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Education and health
9、. （ B） Health in adolescence. （ C） Sleep deprivation in teens. （ D） Mysteries of sleep. （ A） A balance in cognitive thoughts and emotions. （ B） A chronic sleep deprivation. （ C） A huge wave of sleepiness. （ D） A mighty sleep hormone. （ A） Melatonin is the source of a big push from biology that makes
10、 teenagers night owls. （ B） Melatonin is a simple signal that turns on in the morning and turns off in the evening. （ C） Melatonin is secreted several hours later in childhood than it will be during adolescence. （ D） Melatonin doesnt shut off until 11 oclock P.M. every day. （ A） They have to struggl
11、e to stay up all night. （ B） They get severely sleep deprived. （ C） They very often oversleep. （ D） They fall asleep too soon at night. （ A） Alertness. （ B） Reaction time. （ C） Emotion. （ D） Concentration. （ A） Corporate executives are confident in the stock market trends. （ B） Investors in general
12、believe that the outlook for profits is worsening. （ C） Some major company executives are selling more shares than buying. （ D） The US stock market is expanding at a 5.6 percent annual rate this year. （ A） To inspect the shuttle for potentially critical heat shield damage. （ B） To rewire the space s
13、tation for a permanent power source. （ C） To beat the odds to get off the launch pad in the first night-time launch. （ D） To make a fiery ascent that turns night into day. （ A） 50. （ B） 80. （ C） 150 （ D） 180 （ A） Forty-five women were killed in the blaze at a drug treatment center. （ B） The fire was
14、 not caused by arson according to a senior firefighter. （ C） Nine mentally ill patients died in the fire. （ D） People were trapped behind locked gates and barred windows. （ A） Two detectives investigating the case had tested positive for traces of radiation. （ B） The ex-wife and the former mother-in
15、-law of the spy were also poisoned. （ C） The Russian businessman who met the former spy in London has fallen ill. （ D） There is a high degree of probability that it is polonium that killed the spy. （ A） Closed to the public. （ B） Silent and empty. （ C） Packed with tourists. （ D） Strangely crowded. （
16、 A） New Mexico. （ B） Minnesota. （ C） The coast of Florida. （ D） The Caribbean. （ A） Several gallons of petrol. （ B） Food for at least three days. （ C） Plenty of drinking water. （ D） A sturdy pair of work boots. （ A） The potential damage. （ B） The unexpected temperature changes. （ C） The hurricanes p
17、ossible path. （ D） The vulnerability of the locals. （ A） Watch, wait and try not to panic. （ B） Choose another place for a vacation. （ C） Ask for their money back if theres a hurricane. （ D） Plan for very bad weather. （ A） Car alarms. （ B） Sirens. （ C） Jack-hammers. （ D） Loud music. （ A） Break eggs
18、on the road. （ B） Take certain legal action. （ C） Use some minor retaliatory step. （ D） Paint the windshield or front hood of a car. （ A） It can only alert the police. （ B） It is of no use. （ C） It can prevent the car being broken into. （ D） It is really too expensive. （ A） It makes them noisier tha
19、n they were 20 years ago. （ B） It makes it difficult for them to fall asleep. （ C） It affects their work during the day. （ D） It does harm to their hearing. （ A） Many New Yorkers agree about banning this form of sonic pollution. （ B） The police have formed a posse to reduce the amount of noise. （ C）
20、 Police can break into a car as soon as the alarm goes off. （ D） Car alarms are very effective at preventing theft. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or
21、D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow pap
22、er in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their “smile cam
23、paign“ to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin-the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once. The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment serious
24、ly. “Just as youd want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didnt know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face,“ says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit “Smiley-An American Icon“ opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass. W
25、orcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as “that manufacturing town off Route 90,“ lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the citys history. Through a careful historical analysis,
26、 Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream. As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright
27、attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal Savings Loan launched a very public marketing campaign in 1967 centered on the Smiley Face. It eventually distributed 150,000 buttons along with piggy b
28、anks and coin purses. Old photos of the bank show giant Smiley Face wallpaper. By 1970, Murray and Bernard Spain, brothers who owned a card shop in Philadelphia, were affixing the yellow grin to everything from key chains to cookie jars along with “Have a happy day.“ “In the 1970s, there was a trend
29、 toward happiness,“ says Wallace. “We had assassinated a president, we were in a war with Vietnam, and people were looking for tokens of happiness. The Spain brothers ran with it. “ The Smiley Face resurged in the 1990s. This time it was fanned by a legal dispute between Wal-Mart, who uses it to pro
30、mote its low prices, and Franklin Loufrani, a Frenchman who owns a company called SmiteyWorld. Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has been distributing its image in 80 countries since 1971. Loufranis actions irked Ball, who felt that such a unive
31、rsal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity. So in a pleasant proactive move, Ball declared in 1999 that the first Friday in October would be “World Smile Day“ to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need. Ball died in 2001. The Worcester exhibit opens on “World S
32、mile Day“, Oct. 6. It features a plethora of Smiley Face merchandisefrom the original Ball buttons to plastic purses and a toilet seat and contemporary interpretations by local artists. The exhibit is scheduled to run through Feb. 11. 41 According to the passage, the Worcester Historical Museum _. （
33、 A） concentrates on the collection of the most famous commercial firsts the city has invented （ B） has composed a comprehensive history of the Smiley Face through the exhibition （ C） treats Smiley Face as the other famous commercial firsts the city has produced （ D） has organized the exhibit to arou
34、se the Americans patriotism 42 When the author used the expression “spread like drifting pollen“ (para. 3) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that _. （ A） Harvey Ball did not claim the copyright of the yellow grin button （ B） the Smiley Face was immediately accepted by t
35、he public （ C） the button was not sold as an ordinary commercial product （ D） Harvey Ball had the intention to abandon the copyright of Smiley Face 43 Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s? （ A） To have a review of the contempo
36、rary American history. （ B） To remind people that we should never forget the past. （ C） To explain why Americans liked the Smiley Face during that period. （ D） To show how the Spain brothers made a fortune through selling the yellow grin. 44 In the expression “Loufranis actions irked Ball“ (para. 6)
37、, the word “irked“ can best he replaced by _. （ A） perplexed （ B） provoked （ C） irritated （ D） challenged 45 Which of the following is NOT true about the “World Smile Day“? （ A） It was established to commemorate the founder Harvey Ball. （ B） It was to promote general kindness and charity toward chil
38、dren in need. （ C） It was declared by Harvey Ball in 1999. （ D） It was decided to be held on the first Friday in October each year. 45 Good teachers matter. This may seem obvious to anyone who has a child in school or, for that matter, to anyone who has been a child in school. For a long time, thoug
39、h, researchers couldnt actually prove that teaching talent was important. But new research finally shows that teacher quality is a close cousin to student achievement. A great teacher can cram one-and-a-half grades worth of learning into a single year, while laggards are lucky to accomplish half tha
40、t much. Parents and kids, it seems, have been right all along to care whether they were assigned to Mrs. Smith or Mr. Brown. Yet, while we know now that better teachers are critical, flaws in the way that administrators select and retain them mean that schools dont always hire the best. Many ingredi
41、ents for good teaching are difficult to ascertain in advancecharisma and diligence come to mindbut research shows a teachers own ability on standardized tests reliably predicts good performance in the classroom. You would think, then, that top scoring teachers would be swimming in job offers, right?
42、 Not so, says Vanderbilt University professor Dale Ballou. High-scoring teaching applicants “do not fare better than others in the job market,“ he writes. “Indeed, remarkably they do somewhat worse. “ Even more surprising, given the national shortage of highly skilled math and science teachers, scho
43、ol administrators are more keen to hire education majors than applicants who have math or science degrees. No one knows for sure why those who hire teachers routinely overlook top talent. Perhaps they wrongly think that the qualifications they shun make little difference for students. Also, administ
44、rators are probably naturally drawn to teachers who remind them of themselves. But failing to recognize the qualities that make teachers truly effective (and to construct incentives to attract and retain more of these top performers) has serious consequences. For example, because schools dont always
45、 hire the best applicants, across-the-board salary increases cannot improve teacher quality much, and may even worsen it. Thats because higher salaries draw more weak as well as strong applicants into teaching-applicants the current hiring system cant adequately screen. Unless administrators have in
46、centives to hire the best teachers available, its pointless to give them a larger group to choose from. If public school hiring processes are bad, their compensation policies are worse. Most districts pay solely based on years of experience and the presence of a masters degree, a formula that makes
47、the Federal General Schedulewhich governs pay for U. S. bureaucratslook flexible. Study after study has shown that teachers with masters degrees are no better than those without. Job experience does matter, but only for the first few years, according to research by Hoover Institutions Eric A. Hanush
48、ek. A teacher with 15 years of experience is no more effective, on average, than a teacher with five years of experience, but which one do you think is paid more? This toxic combination of rigid pay and steep rewards for seniority causes average quality to decline rather than increase as teacher gro
49、ups get older. Top performers often leave the field early for industries that reward their excellence. Mediocre teachers, on the other hand, are soon overcompensated by seniority pay. And because they are paid more than their skills command elsewhere, these less-capable pedagogues settle in to provide many years of ineffectual instruction. So how can we separate the wheat from the chaff in the teaching profession? To make American schools competitive, we must rethink seniority pay, the value of masters degrees, and the noti
