1、2008年职称英语（卫生类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 With immense relief, I stopped running. （ A） some （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 2 The scientists began to accumulate data. （ A） collect （ B） handle （ C） analyze （ D） investigate 3
2、 Jack eventually overtook the last truck. （ A） hit （ B） passed （ C） reached （ D） led 4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. （ A） fact （ B） mystery （ C） statement （ D） game 6 Th
3、at guy is really witty. （ A） smart （ B） ugly （ C） honorable （ D） popular 7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat. （ A） reasonable （ B） dramatic （ C） humiliating （ D） horrifying 8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. （ A） prepared （ B） trained （ C） qualified （ D） guided 9 This
4、poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. （ A） praises （ B） writes （ C） imitates （ D） describes 10 The meaning is still obscure. （ A） vague （ B） transparent （ C） alien （ D） significant 11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. （ A） destroy （ B） decrease （ C） delay （ D） pollu
5、te 12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. （ A） assumes （ B） expects （ C） predicts （ D） considers 13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. （ A） remember （ B） follow （ C） understand （ D） learn 14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.
6、 （ A） awkward （ B） strange （ C） stupid （ D） awful 15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. （ A） forbid （ B） advocate （ C） inherit （ D） withdraw 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文 的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Sleep P
7、roblems Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest. Its a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. “Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inheren
8、t (固有的 ) part of aging,“ said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学 ) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. “Its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.“ Yet, in a study published recently in The
9、 American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have “sleep fragmentation,“ meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicin
10、e in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less “REM“ sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. Its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a persons quality of life, Bloom said “Wha
11、t is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,“ he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause. “Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like s
12、leep apnea (呼吸暂停 ) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,“ said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washingtons Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications
13、, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and “hypersomnia,“ or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.“ Despite the prevalence (流行 ) of sleep difficulties in older adults, man
14、y patients arent getting the help they need As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠 ), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said. 16 Sleep problems can seriously affect ones quality of life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It is true that older
15、 people need less sleep than younger people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
16、20 “Sleep fragmentation“ refers to a marked lack of “REM“ sleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with Sleep problems.
17、（ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Depression and the Elderly 1 We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression
18、, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects ones thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite,
19、or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility. 2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作 ) of the illness during much of their lives. For ot
20、hers, depression has a first onset (起病 ) in late life - even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. 3 Many older people and their families dont recognize the sympto
21、ms of depression, arent aware that it is a medical illness, and dont know how it is treated Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆 ). Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷 ) and are worried about being stigmatized (给 .带来耻辱 ), so they bl
22、ame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (羞耻的 ) to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. 4 Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide morta
23、lity (死亡率 ). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help 20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week th
24、ey die, and 70% in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed. 23 A How common is depression in later life? B What is depression? C What relieves depression in older people? D Why does depression in older people often go untreated? E Can depression in older People be treated? F What are
25、 the consequences of untreated, depression in older people? 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A a character flaw B normal sadness and grief C a definite possibility D dependency and disability E a significant risk factor F unrecognized and untreated depression 27
26、 Clinical depression is different from _ . 28 Depression in older people is strongly linked with _ . 29 Depression is regarded by many older people as _ . 30 Many older people commit suicide as a result of _ . 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Centers of the Grea
27、t European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. a mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere. Squares, plazas (广场 ) and arcades (拱廊 ) form the heart of Eur
28、opes cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafs. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by
29、day and musicians, acrobats (杂技演员 ) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景 ) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant (有活力的 ) hear
30、ts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes,“ said Garreau. “Those have all been removed.“ Most European cities were laid out before the inventio
31、n of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafs were near to peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still
32、 those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enth
33、usiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡 ) and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gathe
34、r in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafs and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tou
35、rist crowds, but also the local community. 31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe. （ A） has many large squares. （ B） has many very magnificent sky-scrapers. （ C） draws tourists in large numbers every year. （ D） has a center where tourists meet their spouses. 32 W
36、hich statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? （ A） It is crowded with people. （ B） It is located in London. （ C） It is filled with stalls. （ D） It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafs. 33 Why do people think that Venice is so great?. （ A） Because it is a famous tourist attraction. （
37、 B） Because you can reach anywhere by boat. （ C） Because it is well-known for its merchants. （ D） Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34 What are Parisians famous for? （ A） Their pursuit of independence. （ B） Their enthusiasm for conversation. （ C） Their ability to keep the city flourishing.
38、 （ D） Their devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35 The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that （ A） there is a tight link between church and society. （ B） all churches are magnificent. （ C） old churches are very popular, （ D） high-rise churches are impres
39、sive. 36 Mental Retardation (智力迟钝 ) Mental retardation is a condition in which people have lower than normal intelligence and are unable to function at the level expected for their age. People with mental retardation are usually born with it, or it develops early in their life. They may also have so
40、me difficulty with daily living skills such as learning to read and write and caring for themselves. Doctors and other professionals determine that a person has mental retardation based on their intelligence and how well they can do everyday activities. Intelligence is the ability to learn and under
41、stand Levels of intelligence are measured by special tests called intelligence tests. The score a person gets on one of these tests gives a numerical (数字的 ) measure of a persons intelligence. This is called an intelligence quotient (智商 ) or IQ. An average score on an IQ test is about 90 to 110. a pe
42、rson with mental retardation will usually score below 75 on an IQ test. The IQ test alone does not determine whether someone is mentally retarded a person must also have trouble with everyday activities such as getting dressed, eating, washing, or learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic skil
43、ls. Mental retardation is not a disease itself. It cannot be cured and its not contagious (传染的 ). This condition can be caused by several things that injure the brain or dont allow the brain to develop normally. Many times we dont know why a person has mental retardation. Sometimes it may be caused
44、by genes. Genes are chemical units found in every cell. They carry the instructions telling cells what to do. Sometimes, children receive abnormal genes from their parents. a defective gene may also develop spontaneously. Neither parent would have passed on the gene, but the gene changes before the
45、baby develops; Some other problems that can cause mental retardation also happen before a child is born. It is important for the brain to develop properly if a child is to have normal intelligence. “Planning a pregnancy is the most important decision most of us will make in our lifetime. A healthy l
46、ifestyle and good medical care should begin before a woman becomes pregnant and continue throughout the pregnancy,“ says Jodi Rucquoi, a genetic counselor from Connecticut. If a woman abuses alcohol or drugs or doesnt eat well, there is a risk to the developing baby. Also, a premature birth or probl
47、ems during childbirth can sometimes harm the babys developing brain. While premature babies are generally fine, there is a greater chance that they may have mental retardation. In some cases, a young child can develop mental retardation after being sick with a serious infection or other illness, or
48、after suffering a bad head injury. 36 a child can be taken as mentally retarded if he or she. （ A） was born prematurely. （ B） has lower than normal intelligence. （ C） has low intelligence and low daily living skills. （ D） has normal intelligence but difficulties in learning. 37 a person of high inte
49、lligence will probably score. （ A） above 110 on an IQ test. （ B） 110 on an IQ test. （ C） 90 on an IQ test. （ D） below 75 on an IQ test. 38 Which of the following is NOT true of mental retardation? （ A） It is not curable. （ B） Its victims are usually born with it. （ C） Its causes are not fully identified yet. （ D） It can spread among family members. 39 Which is NOT a possible cause of mental retardation? （ A） Alcohol or drug abuse. （ B） Abnormal genes from the parents. （ C） a
