1、2008年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 With immense relief, I stopped running. （ A） some （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 2 The scientists began to accumulate data. （ A） collect （ B） handle （ C） analyze （ D） investigate 3
2、 Jack eventually overtook the last truck. （ A） hit （ B） passed （ C） reached （ D） led 4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. （ A） fact （ B） mystery （ C） statement （ D） game 6 Th
3、at guy is really witty. （ A） smart （ B） ugly （ C） honorable （ D） popular 7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat. （ A） reasonable （ B） dramatic （ C） humiliating （ D） horrifying 8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. （ A） prepared （ B） trained （ C） qualified （ D） guided 9 This
4、poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. （ A） praises （ B） writes （ C） imitates （ D） describes 10 The meaning is still obscure. （ A） vague （ B） transparent （ C） alien （ D） significant 11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. （ A） destroy （ B） decrease （ C） delay （ D） pollu
5、te 12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. （ A） assumes （ B） expects （ C） predicts （ D） considers 13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. （ A） remember （ B） follow （ C） understand （ D） learn 14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.
6、 （ A） awkward （ B） strange （ C） stupid （ D） awful 15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. （ A） forbid （ B） advocate （ C） inherit （ D） withdraw 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文 的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Green R
7、oof Research The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent (流行 ) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof r
8、esearch. The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as extensive and intensive systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of. substrata (土层 ) that can be as shallow a
9、s 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs (灌木 ) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usu
10、ally areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people. There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美学的 ) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are.- a r
11、eduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation (缓解 ) of the heat island effect in urban areas. The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the
12、methods of propagation (繁殖 ) as well as establishment, nutrient (养料 ) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established; their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold, an
13、d heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival. A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the g
14、rowing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms. Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market - a mark
15、et that is too huge to be overlooked. 16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Small plants like grass
16、es and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effec
17、t in cities. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment, its potential market is rather small. （ A） Right
18、 （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The Supercomputer Network 1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their co
19、mputers have been connected so they can “talk“ to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it Is the beginning of a development that will Increase the power of the Internet tremendously. 2 The Internet Is an Interconnected (互联 ) system of networks that connects computers round the world
20、 and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载 ) files, how much data you can stor
21、e, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3 The new development in information technology has been called “the grid“ (网格技术 ), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The “grid“ will work in a different way from the Internet, en
22、abling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4 One advantage of
23、 this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The “grid“ will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5 The “grid“ can be compared to having
24、an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and “he“ will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the “grid“ that happen to have the relev
25、ant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6 At present, possible applications of the “grid“ in scientific research are being explored While It has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the “grid“ could be up and running
26、 for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on “grid“ projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. 23 A. How does the “grid“ work? B. Power shared C. Just make a request D. Limitations of present Internet use E. Distance is not a problem F
27、. A new era for the Internet 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. the bigger computer stations B. the advantage C. ten years D. information E. your personal assistant F. fifteen years 27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access
28、_. 28 The “grid“ will enable you to get on your computer the power of _ in the wodd. 29 The “grid“ would be like _, who can perform your tasks efficiently. 30 It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid“ will become possible in the next _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文
29、内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere. Squares, plazas (广场 ) a
30、nd arcades (拱廊 ) form the heart of Europes cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is fil
31、led with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂质演员 ) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景 ) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of
32、 the Thames. These vibrant (有活力的 ) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes,“ said Garreau. “Those have all been removed.“ Most European c
33、ities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where peo
34、ple treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true
35、 of Pads whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡 ) and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost dail
36、y basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coff
37、ee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe （ A） has many large squares. （ B） has many very magnificent sky-scrapers. （ C） draws tourists in large numbers every year. （ D） has a center
38、where tourists meet their spouses. 32 Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? （ A） It is crowded with people. （ B） It is located in London. （ C） It is filled with stalls. （ D） It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. 33 Why do people think that Venice is so great? （ A） Becau
39、se it is a famous tourist attraction. （ B） Because you can reach anywhere by boat. （ C） Because it is well-known for its merchants. （ D） Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34 What are Parisians famous for? （ A） Their pursuit of independence. （ B） Their enthusiasm for conversation. （ C） Thei
40、r ability to keep the city flourishing. （ D） Their devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35 The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that （ A） there is a tight link between church and society. （ B） all churches are magnificent. （ C） old churches are very popu
41、lar. （ D） high-rise churches are impressive. 36 Real-World Robots When you think of a robot, do you imagine a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone (单调的 ) voice accentuated (强调 ) by high-p
42、itched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Todays robot is more than an
43、automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence, that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated With human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and lear
44、ning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles (轮轴 ) that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in
45、combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robots base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope (陀螺仪 ) inside it senses the vertical differenti
46、al. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions (障碍物 ) in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and c
47、orrects or adjusts the robots actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs. 36 The writer begins the passage by comparing （ A） the shape of a human being with a box. （ B） a real-life robot with a fictional robot.
48、 （ C） an imaginary machine with a human. （ D） a robot with a computer program. 37 The word “humanoid“ in paragraph I means （ A） lacking human feelings, （ B） lacking human characteristics. （ C） lacking human intelligence. （ D） having a human form and characteristics. 38 According to the first paragra
49、ph, artificial intelligence is （ A） the unnatural way in which robots move. （ B） a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks, （ C） a sensor that detects troubles in a robot. （ D） a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes. 39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will （ A） be more humanlike in behavior and action. （ B） surpass human beings in intelligence. （ C） use a laser to transmit information. （ D） will perform very c
