1、2009年职称英语（理工类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Will you please (call) my husband as soon as possible? （ A） visit （ B） phone （ C） consult （ D） invite 2 We had a long (conversation) about her parents. （ A） speech （ B） question （ C） talk （
2、D） debate 3 The chairman (proposed) that we stop the meeting. （ A） stated （ B） announced （ C） demanded （ D） suggested 4 Obviously these people can be (relied on) in a crisis. （ A） lived on （ B） depended on （ C） believed in （ D） joined in 5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athl
3、ete (breaks) a record. （ A） beats （ B） maintains （ C） matches （ D） tries 6 All the pupils seem to be very (cheerful). （ A） happy （ B） healthy （ C） naughty （ D） busy 7 The traditional paintings are (exhibited) on the second floor. （ A） laid （ B） displayed （ C） kept （ D） stored 8 She stood there, shak
4、ing with (fury). （ A） misery （ B） laughter （ C） anger （ D） cry 9 Mary evidently is the most (diligent) student among us. （ A） intelligent （ B） beautiful （ C） talkative （ D） hardworking 10 (Persistent) attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless. （ A） Forceful （ B） Reasonable （ C） Continuous （ D） Firm
5、 11 Why cant you stop your (eternal) complaining? （ A） everlasting （ B） long （ C） temporary （ D） boring 12 Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked) by the earthquake. （ A） shaken （ B） damaged （ C） fallen （ D） jumped 13 These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic). （ A） faithful （ B） royal （
6、C） genuine （ D） sincere 14 Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics. （ A） attraction （ B） simplicity （ C） power （ D） rigor 15 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a (puzzle). （ A） mist （ B） fog （ C） mystery （ D） secret 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个
7、句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如 果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Radiocarbon Dating Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳 ), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to disco
8、ver when it happened. Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(质子 ) and six neutrons(中子 ) in its nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon
9、that has two extra neutrons(原子核 ). It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减 ). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libbys radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射 ) from this decay process are
10、 counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated. Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen(氮 )-14, or N-14, interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线 ). Scientists believe since the
11、Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least
12、 50,000 years. All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子 ) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织 ). Once an organism(有机体 ) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and th
13、e C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is. 16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dat
14、ing age-old objects. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Radar is used to determ
15、ine the characteristics of radiocarbon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it dies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22
16、 The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Chimpanzees Chimpanzees(黑猩猩 ) will soon be extinct(灭绝 ). If the present rate o
17、f hunting and habitat(栖息地 ) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧 ). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications(含意 ) for the survival of their distant relatives human bei
18、ngs. In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组 ) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to huma
19、ns than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先 ). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. The ch
20、impanzees trump card(王牌 ) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医 ) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a numbe
21、r of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes Aids. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in Aids research has declined because they are so resistant. By sequencing the chimp gen
22、ome and pinpointing(找到 ) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatme
23、nts for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变 ) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23 A. Reasons for HIV res
24、istance B. Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans C. Effective AIDs treatment D. Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E. Chimps resistance to HIV F. Genetic differences between chimps and humans 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A. some human
25、disease treatments B. some diseases C. human survival D. human genomes E. key areas F. healthier lifestyle 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect_. 28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and_. 29 Scientists want to find why chimps have resistance to_. 30 The discovery of the genetic
26、 code of chimps will be helpful to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Water The second most important constituent(构成成份 ) of the biosphere(生物圈 ) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100
27、 . Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the su
28、rface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted.
29、Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 10 20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fractions of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.
30、 Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环 ) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发 ) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的 ) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, fallin
31、g on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers. 31 Liq
32、uid water only exists_. （ A） in the center of the earth. （ B） on the surface of our planet. （ C） in a very narrow range of temperatures. （ D） in the costal areas of the earth. 32 The total quantity of water on Earth_. （ A） remains almost unchanged. （ B） has greatly increased in recent years. （ C） is
33、 decreasing constantly. （ D） is affected by global warming. 33 Most of the fresh water on Earth_. （ A） is stored underground. （ B） is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains. （ C） is found in rivers and lakes. （ D） comes from the rain. 34 The word “fraction“ in the second paragraph means_.
34、（ A） a very small amount. （ B） a large area. （ C） an important system. （ D） a major source of information. 35 There is more of rainfall_. （ A） over the mountains than over the rivers. （ B） over the rivers than over the mountains. （ C） over the oceans than over the land. （ D） over the land than over
35、the oceans. 36 Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning(扫描 ) whats happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions
36、of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons(神经元 ) are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)(功能性磁振造影 ) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someon
37、e was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to tha
38、t region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize(使 显现 ) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows r
39、esearchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associat
40、ed with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used nn fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked a
41、t. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look a
42、t 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures
43、 of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples. 36 What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? （ A） The magnetic system in the brain. （ B） The central part of the heart. （ C） Oxygen-rich blood. （ D） Neurons in the brain.
44、 37 The function of an fMRI machine is_. （ A） to show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood. （ B） to measure how dense the blood is in the brain. （ C） to record how much oxygen the brain consumes. （ D） to identify which parts of the brain are processing information. 38 The expression “highlighting
45、the areas of the brain at work“ in paragraph 5 means_. （ A） giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information. （ B） marking the parts of the brain that are processing information. （ C） putting the parts of the brain to work. （ D） preventing the parts of the brain from working. 3
46、9 The researchers experimented on_. （ A） animals and objects. （ B） fMRI machines. （ C） two volunteers. （ D） thousands of pictures. 40 Which of the following can best replace the title of the passage? （ A） Recent Development in Science and Technology. （ B） Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. （ C） A Technol
47、ogical Dream. （ D） An Intelligent Robot. 41 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18 34 in Spain still sleep in their parents
48、homes, says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth. To coax(劝诱 ) young people from their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation(解放 )“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young peoples family dependence
49、on the precarious(不稳定的 ) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家 ). Family ties in south Europe Italy, Portugal and Greece are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish
