1、2011年 3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 Renowned U. S. economist, John Rutledge, who helped frame the fiscal policies of two former U. S. presidents, warned that an abrupt rise in China s currency could lead to another Asian financial crisis. The founder of Rutledge Capital told the
3、media that if the yuan rises (1) it would discourage foreign direct investment in China while (2) by market speculators. Currency change is more difficult for investors and (3) . The Chinese currency has appreciated by (4) since July 2005 when the country allowed the yuan to (5) within a daily band
4、of 0.3 percent. The analysts are expecting the currency to rise (6) by the end of this year. But if the yuan rose 20 to 30 percent, as some U. S. politicians are demanding, it would (7) causing a recession and deflation. Similar advice to allow an abrupt appreciation of a currency led to (8) in 1997
5、, and came very close to destroying (9) . The U. S. economist says that investors want foremost to (10) associated with large fluctuations in currency and inflation. They (11) after evaluating risks to benefits such as (12) . A rising yuan would drive up labor costs for foreign investors and would n
6、ot (13) . Earlier reports said that currency speculators had pumped (14) U.S. dollars into China by the end of last year, with another 70 billion U. S. dollars (15) in the first three months of this year. There is no way to (16) of this type of investment and many economists disagree that (17) is so
7、 high. Instead of further appreciating its currency, China should make the yuan (18) . If the yuan were more easily converted into foreign currencies it would allow Chinese companies to expand overseas, (19) , and provide management experience and capital that China needs. It would also (20) and red
8、uce speculative money coming into the country. Part B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully
9、 and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） Younger people are more comfortable with technology than adults. （ B） Adults are less intimidated by technology than they used to be
10、. （ C） Robert himself is comparatively better with computers than other people. （ D） Most of his friends are a lot more addicted to games than he is. （ A） E-mail is very convenient. （ B） E-mail messages make better keepsakes. （ C） E-mail messages make a casual form of communication. （ D） E-mail is g
11、reat for just saying hello and checking up on people. （ A） Playing games. （ B） Checking on little things. （ C） Instant messaging. （ D） An interesting program. （ A） The Internet makes too many things accessible to people. （ B） His generation is hooked on the Internet. （ C） Some of his friends make th
12、e Internet their whole life. （ D） Not everyone has access to the Internet. （ A） They cannot become part of the work force. （ B） They wont be an added asset as they are today. （ C） They will have to get over their fear of these skills. （ D） They are going to be at a disadvantage. （ A） Because the nuc
13、lear reactor is Pakistans property. （ B） Because Russia helped build the reactor in the 1960s. （ C） Because the uranium was provided by other nations. （ D） Because its neighbors are very sensitive about its nuclear program. （ A） Insisting that the revelations were unlikely to affect world events. （
14、B） Dismissing those diplomatic cables as untrue. （ C） Purposely making some confidential materials public. （ D） Effectively containing Irans nuclear program. （ A） He thought the elections should be cancelled. （ B） He was open to letting the results be counted. （ C） He thought he was one of the two f
15、ront-runners in the balloting. （ D） He proposed that reelections should be held as soon as possible. （ A） 1.5%. （ B） 1.8%. （ C） 3.3%. （ D） 4.8%. （ A） Few people expect a breakthrough on reaching an international treaty. （ B） The toughest issues on climate change would remain unresolved. （ C） The Uni
16、ted Nations negotiating process itself is at risk. （ D） The United States entered the talks in a strong position. （ A） Dressing styles throughout the world. （ B） Taking a journey to Sri Lanka in South Asia. （ C） Life of a native Sri Lankan now living in California. （ D） Traditional dress in the inte
17、rviewees home country. （ A） Saris are not practical. （ B） Saris are old-fashioned. （ C） Saris are not cheap. （ D） Saris are hot and difficult to walk in. （ A） Education. （ B） Family background. （ C） Friends people make. （ D） Countries they have been to. （ A） Men in the countryside used to wear a sar
18、ong. （ B） Men in the city wear sarongs to relax at home. （ C） Men wear pants and shirts now, never sarongs. （ D） Men wear sarongs only on formal occasions. （ A） Because she sees more value in saris. （ B） Because she has married an American. （ C） Because she wants to be in style. （ D） Because she lik
19、es to appear really exotic. （ A） 10%. （ B） 20%. （ C） 30%. （ D） 40%. （ A） Insomnia. （ B） Narcolepsy. （ C） Sleep apnea. （ D） Self-hypnosis. （ A） Snoring throughout the night. （ B） Heavy breathing in sleep. （ C） Stopping breathing when sleeping. （ D） Not remembering to wake up in the morning. （ A） They
20、 get sudden attacks of sleep any time any place. （ B） They are mostly students enrolled in 8 A.M. classes. （ C） They are not easily cured if narcolepsy is diagnosed. （ D） They often sit at a table and their faces fall into a soup. （ A） Chronic insomnia is a rare condition compared with apnea or narc
21、olepsy. （ B） Almost everybody has chronic insomnia once in a while. （ C） The cause for chronic insomnia is most often psychological. （ D） There is no effective cure for this type of sleep disorder. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is foll
22、owed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSW
23、ER BOOKLET. 40 There is no more fashionable answer to woes of the global recession than “green jobs. “ Some state leaders are pinning their hopes for future growth and new jobs on creating clean-technology industries, like wind and solar power, or recycling saw grass as fuel. It all sounds like the
24、ultimate win-win deal: beat the worst recession in decades and save the planet from global warming, all in one spending plan. So who cares how much it costs? And since the financial crisis and recession began, governments, environmental nonprofits, and even labor unions have been busy spinning out r
25、eports on just how many new jobs might be created from these new industries-estimates that range from the thousands to the millions. The problem is that history doesnt bear out the optimism. As a new study from McKinsey consulting points out, clean energy is less like old manufacturing industries th
26、at required a lot of workers than it is like new manufacturing and service industries that dont. The best parallel is the semiconductor industry, which was expected to create a boom in high-paid high-tech jobs but today employs mainly robots. Clean-technology workers now make up only 0. 6 percent of
27、 the American workforce. The McKinsey study, which examined how countries should compete in the post-crisis world, figures that clean energy wont command much more of the total job market in the years ahead. “The bottom line is that these clean industries are too small to create the millions of jobs
28、 that are needed right away,“ says James Manylka, a director at the McKinsey Global Institute. They might not create those jobs-hut they could help other industries do just that. Here, too, the story of the computer chip is instructive. Today the big chip makers employ only 0.4 percent of the total
29、American workforce, down from a peak of 0.6 percent in 2000. But they did create a lot of jobs, indirectly, by making other industries more efficient: throughout the 1990s, American companies saw massive gains in labor productivity and efficiency from new technologies incorporating the semiconductor
30、. Companies in retail, manufacturing, and many other areas got faster and stronger, and millions of new jobs were created. McKinsey and others say that the same could be true today if governments focus not on building a “green economy,“ but on greening every part of the economy using cutting-edge gr
31、een products and services. Thats where policies like U. S. efforts to promote corn-based ethanol, and giant German subsidies for the solar industry fall down. In both cases the state is creating bloated, unproductive sectors, with jobs that are not likely to last. A better start would be encouraging
32、 business and consumers to do the basics, such is improve building insulation and replace obsolete heating and cooling equipment. In places like California, 30 percent of the summer energy load comes from air conditioning, which has prompted government to offer low-interest loans to consumers to rep
33、lace old units with more efficient ones. The energy efficiency is an indirect job creator, just as IT productivity had been, not only because of the cost savings but also because of the new disposable income that is created. The stimulus effect of not driving is particularly impressive. “If you can
34、get people out of cars, or at least get them to drive less, you can typically save between $1,000 and $ 8,000 per household per year,“ says Lisa Margonelli at the New America Foundation. Indeed, energy and efficiency savings have been behind the major green efforts of the worlds biggest corporations
35、, like Walmart, which remains the worlds biggest retailer and added 22,000 jobs in the U.S. alone in 2009. In 2008, when oil hit $148 a barrel, Walmart insisted that its top 1,000 suppliers in China retool their factories and their products, cutting back on excess packaging to make shipping cheaper.
36、 Its no accident that Walmart, a company that looks for savings wherever it can find them, is one of the only American firms that continued growing robustly throughout the recession. The policy implications of it all are clear: stop betting government money on particular green technologies that may
37、or may not pan out, and start thinking more broadly. As McKinsey makes clear, countries dont become more competitive by tweaking their “mix“ of industries but by outperforming in each individual sector. Green thinking can be a part of that. The U. S. could conceivably export much more to Europe, for
38、 example, if Americas environmental standards for products were higher. Taking care of the environment at the broadest levels is often portrayed as a political red herring that will undercut competitiveness in the global economy. In fact, the future of growth and job creation may depend on it. 41 Ac
39、cording to the passage, the creation of clean-technology industries will_. （ A） ultimately be a win-win deal （ B） beat the worst recession in decades （ C） largely solve the problem of unemployment （ D） contribute little to the total job market 42 The McKinsey study concludes that_. （ A） clean indust
40、ries will create the millions of jobs that are needed right away （ B） both old and new manufacturing industries have employed large numbers of workers （ C） clean industries are similar to the semiconductor industry in the creation of jobs （ D） more robots will be used in clean industries than in the
41、 semiconductor industry 43 The phrase “fall down“ in the sentence “Thats where policies like U. S. efforts to promote corn- based ethanol, and German subsidies for the solar industry fall down. “ (para. 4) can best be paraphrased as_. （ A） fail of expectation （ B） meet with strong opposition （ C） co
42、nfront sharp criticism （ D） need further clarification 44 The author uses the example of Walmart to show_. （ A） how it remains the worlds biggest retailer （ B） how it takes all kinds of measures for cost savings （ C） how energy and efficiency savings can be achieved （ D） how the recession has affect
43、ed Walmarts development 45 Which of the following is the best conclusion of the passage? （ A） Green jobs are considered by politicians a major solution to the global recession. （ B） The financial crisis and recession stimulate the increasing of green jobs. （ C） The government should spend money on p
44、articular green technologies to create more jobs. （ D） Job creation may depend on the overall care of the environment at the broadest levels. 45 The majority of the countrys top universities have introduced schemes to give preferential treatment to pupils from poorly performing comprehensives. They
45、range from lower A-level offers to reserving places for them. Supporters of “handicapping“ argue that it gives recognition to bright pupils who have been inadequately taught and promotes social mobility. Opponents, however, believe some schemes crudely discriminate against private and grammar school
46、 pupils because of political pressure. Out of the 39 institutions that are members of the Russell Group and 1994 Group of research universities, at least 30 have introduced schemes that give some form of extra recognition to whole categories of applicants from comprehensives or from deprived areas.
47、Gillian Low, head of the Lady Eleanor Holles School in Hampton, west London, and president of the Girls Schools association, said: “We are absolutely in favour of social mobility. The issue is how that is achieved, how talented people from disadvantaged backgrounds are identified. Our objection is t
48、o anything that is generic by type of school as it does not address the individual pupil, it potentially discriminates against them. “ Low added: “It doesnt, for example, take account of the person at the low-performing school who is having private tuition-or the fact that many of our pupils are on
49、full bursary support. Its too crude a tool. “ Programmes include one at Manchester introduced for 2011 entry that gives priority consideration to applicants from underachieving schools and deprived areas. Durham is using a similar system. Bristol, Exeter, Nottingham and some departments at Edinburgh advise admissions tutors to consider lowering the standard offer for a course if a successful applicant is from an underperforming school. Research at Bristol released earlier this year justified this approach on the grounds that
