1、2011年 3月国家公共英语（三级）真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversati
2、ons. A Western-style conversation between two people is like a【 C1】 _of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you do【 C2】 _it back. If you agree with me, I dont expect you simply to agree and to【 C3】 _more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further.【 C4】 _I do
3、nt expect you always to agree. I am just as【 C5】 _if you completely disagree with me.【 C6】 _you agree or disagree, your【 C7】 _will return the ball to me. And then it is my turn【 C8】 _.I dont serve a new ball from my【 C9】_starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by【 C10】 _your idea further. A
4、nd so the ball goes back and forth,【 C11】 _each of us doing our best to give it a new twist. A Japanese-style conversation,【 C12】 _, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. Its like bowling. You【 C13】 _for your turn. And you always know your【 C14】 _in line. It depends on such things as whether you
5、are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger【 C15】_the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you【 C16】 _up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and【 C17】 _bowi it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering【 C18】 _.
6、Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it【 C19】 _down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your【 C20】 _. 1 【 C1】 （ A） play （ B） game （ C） round （ D） set 2 【 C2】 （ A） hit （ B） move （ C） throw （ D
7、） push 3 【 C3】 （ A） everything （ B） anything （ C） nothing （ D） something 4 【 C4】 （ A） Then （ B） So （ C） Instead （ D） But 5 【 C5】 （ A） anxious （ B） serious （ C） happy （ D） grateful 6 【 C6】 （ A） After （ B） Because （ C） Though （ D） Whether 7 【 C7】 （ A） response （ B） action （ C） operation （ D） service 8
8、 【 C8】 （ A） also （ B） again （ C） too （ D） soon 9 【 C9】 （ A） actual （ B） new （ C） particular （ D） original 10 【 C10】 （ A） deepening （ B） carrying （ C） leading （ D） employing 11 【 C11】 （ A） with （ B） for （ C） before （ D） except 12 【 C12】 （ A） therefore （ B） moreover （ C） likewise （ D） however 13 【 C13
9、】 （ A） wonder （ B） work （ C） wait （ D） watch 14 【 C14】 （ A） point （ B） place （ C） post （ D） pole 15 【 C15】 （ A） than （ B） beside （ C） to （ D） with 16 【 C16】 （ A） step （ B） climb （ C） stand （ D） catch 17 【 C17】 （ A） accurately （ B） carefully （ C） awkwardly （ D） courageously 18 【 C18】 （ A） instruction
10、 （ B） satisfaction （ C） agreement （ D） encouragement 19 【 C19】 （ A） knocks （ B） pushes （ C） kicks （ D） puts 20 【 C20】 （ A） line （ B） work （ C） score （ D） outcome Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER
11、 SHEET 1. 20 When Amber Post started graduate school in physics at Princeton, her goal was the same as her male colleagues: a teaching post at a major university. Now with her Ph. D. just a year away, Post is thinking instead about working for a policymaking agency in Washington. Although Princeton
12、, with Shirley Tilghman as the president, is welcoming to female scientists, Post senses that her reception in the larger academic world might be chillier. At famous universities, the percentage of women earning doctors degrees in science and engineering is considerably higher than the percentage of
13、 women professorswhich means that a lot of talented women Ph. D. s like Post leave campus for jobs in government or industry instead of climbing the teaching ladder. Stopping this female brain drain has been a challenge for years. At a recent academic conference, Harvard president Lawrence Summers s
14、uggested that women arent succeeding because they lack ability in math and science by nature. His comments drew immediate criticism. Indeed, scien-tists have uncovered some differences in male and female brains, but its unclear how these differences affect talent. Summers proposed two other possible
15、 problems for women: the conflict between work and life, and absolute prejudice against women (which he seemed to dismiss). Many women scientists blame these two problems for the lack of women professors. Junior teachers need to spend their 20s and 30s on research and publication. Those are the same
16、 years when women have children. Time is an enemy for women in other professions, especially law and medicine. But while women doctors and lawyers benefit from lots of successful role models, academic science continues to belong to men chiefly. “The atmosphere isnt compelling or welcoming, “Post say
17、s. “Too many of my female friends drop out of graduate programs simply because the environment is disappointing, not because they cant handle the math. “ Even against this background, there has been some progress. More universities are pushing hard with stepped-up recruitment efforts and trying hard
18、 to assist staff members with young families. But ultimately, the best remedy against prejudice would be more women on top, like Princetons Tilghman. 21 Amber Post is thinking about a job in government because_. （ A） it is the usual goal of the Ph. D. students at Princeton （ B） she is doubtful about
19、 her future in the academic world （ C） it is difficult to get a teaching post at major universities （ D） she fears that she may not graduate with a Ph. D. degree 22 According to the text, the gap in percentage between women Ph. D. s and women professors indicates that_. （ A） universities lack compet
20、itiveness in the recruitment market （ B） a lot of women professors have chosen to leave universities （ C） few women Ph. D. s are qualified for the competitive campus （ D） universities are faced with the problem of female brain drain 23 According to the writer, Summers comments on womens ability seem
21、 to be based on （ A） his own attitude towards women scientists （ B） his recent study on womens weaknesses （ C） the latest findings about human brains （ D） the conventional opinion about talents 24 We can infer that the most serious problem of women teachers is_. （ A） their conflict with male colleag
22、ues （ B） the trouble in balancing work and life （ C） their cooperation with male colleagues （ D） the difficulty in their career advancement 25 The best solution to the female brain drain in universities is to_. （ A） create more academic posts for women （ B） offer help to women with young children （
23、C） dismiss those with prejudice against women （ D） promote more women to leadership positions 25 Recently in the Scottish Highlands, 260 theatergoers were led up a well-lit, pin-tree-lined concrete path. Their destination? A vacant water plant. The large concrete space had the impersonal feel of an
24、army campexactly the atmosphere the producers of Black Watch hoped to reproduce. The play is based on the true story of a Highlands troop sent overseas in 2004. Essentially, site-specific theater refers to plays produced in places directly relevant to their action. At the Museum Hotel in Wellington,
25、 New Zealand, audiences filed into room 217 to watch a tale about the various personalities who had occupied the room over time. “ I think people are tired of the same old plays in the same confines of space, “ says Paul McLaughlin, who produced Hotel. “Drama happens all around usat the bus stop, in
26、 a supermarketso we attempted to show how people can interact with the space that surrounds them. “ To be sure, on-scene productions present their own set of challenges. Producers of Black Watch had to scout around London for a location for when the show comes to the British capital. But for many au
27、dience members, leaving the comfort of their theater seats makes for a more meaningful experience. “A lot of site-specific work challenges the way you look and think, “says Nick Kaye, a drama professor at the University of Exeter. Site-specific shows can also satisfy the growing desire for individua
28、lized entertainment fueled by on-demand television and the Internet. In Faust, which the London-based theater group Punch-drunk just wrapped up, audience members got to pick what they wanted to see. Housed in an old five-story storehouse in east London, the play featured different settings. Audience
29、 members could choose to watch a scene and follow certain actors from location to location. Felix Barrett, the director of Faust, says todays theatergoers expect more than just the traditional audience-actor relationship. “What I wanted to do was to create a piece where the audience can carve out th
30、e night they want to have, and it stays with them. “ Creating a strong sense of place goes a long way toward a-chieving that. 26 Recently, 260 Scottish people went to a deserted water plant_. （ A） to tour a newly-built military base （ B） to watch a play about military life （ C） to visit a military t
31、roop back home （ D） to attend a military training program 27 The essence of site-specific theater lies in the idea that drama_. （ A） should be made as lifelike as possible （ B） should reflect peoples feelings and ideas （ C） should reveal what is going on in the world （ D） should be acted by those re
32、lated to the story 28 Compared with the conventional form of theater, on-scene theater to producers is less_. （ A） meaningful （ B） demanding （ C） convenient （ D） interactive 29 In the play Faust, audience members can_. （ A） revise the story in their own way （ B） talk freely to their favorite actors
33、（ C） choose to take part in the acting （ D） jump over uninteresting scenes 30 We learn from the text that site-specific drama is created to accommodate_. （ A） the change in what theatergoers expect of a play （ B） theatergoers growing need for a sense of place （ C） the change in the role modem drama
34、is to play （ D） theatergoerss falling interest in entertainment 30 Forgive and forget. Most of us find the forgetting easier, but maybe we should work on the forgiving part. “ Holding on to hurts wears you down physically and emotionally, “ says Stanford U-niversity psychologist Fred Luskin, author
35、of Forgive for Good. “Forgiving someone can be a powerful remedy. “ In a recent study, Charlotte van Oyen Witvliet, assistant professor of psychology at Hope College in Holland, Michigan, and colleagues asked 71 volunteers to remember a past hurt. Tests recorded sudden increases in blood pressure, h
36、eart rate and muscle tensionthe same responses that occur when people are beside themselves. Research has linked temper and heart diseases. When the volunteers were asked to imagine forgiving those whod wronged them, they remained calm by comparison. Whats more, forgiveness can be learned, insists L
37、uskin, director of the Stanford Forgiveness Project. “We teach people to rewrite their story in their minds, to change from victim to hero. If the hurt is from a husbands or a wifes unfaithfulness, we might encourage them to think of themselves not only as a person who was cheated on, but as the per
38、son who tried to keep the marriage together. “Two years ago Luskin tested his method on five Northern Irish women whose sons had been murdered. After undergoing a week of forgiveness training, the womens sense of hurt, measured using psychological tests, had fallen by more than half. They were also
39、much less likely to feel depressed and angry. “Forgiving isnt about regarding what happened as harmless or acceptable, “ says Luskin. “It is about breaking free of the person who wronged us. “ The early signs that forgiving improves overall health are promisings. A survey of 1, 423 a-dults by the Un
40、iversity of Michigans Institute for Social Research in 2001 found that people who had forgiven someone in their past also reported being in better health than those who hadnt. However, while 75 per cent said they were sure God had forgiven them for past mistakes, only 52 per cent had been able to fi
41、nd it in their hearts to forgive others. Forgiveness, it seems, is still divine. 31 In Luskins opinion, people could enjoy better health if they_. （ A） hold past hurts back （ B） avoid the wrongdoers （ C） become less emotional （ D） let off those who hurt them 32 According to Luskin, to forgive an unf
42、aithful husband, a wife needs to_. （ A） urge herself to see the hurt as nothing （ B） take measures in restoring the marriage （ C） persuade herself to put up with the hurt （ D） see herself as the guardian of the marriage 33 According to the text, to forgive means_. （ A） to keep silent when someone hu
43、rts you article （ B） to stop being angry with those who wronged you （ C） to think of something tolerable that has happened （ D） to prevent yourself from doing wrong to your enemies 34 What does the last paragraph imply? （ A） Most mistakes are forgivable. （ B） Its really no easy task to forgive. （ C）
44、 Its part of human nature to forgive. （ D） Few people can truly forgive others. 35 The best title of the text might be （ A） The Research on Forgiveness （ B） The Difficulty in Forgiveness （ C） The Promotion of Forgiveness （ D） The Healing Power of Forgiveness Part B Directions: Read the text, match t
45、he items (61-65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35 Edinburgh, Scotland Edinburgh is the home of Hogmanay, a grandly exciting four-day celebration that welcomes the New Year with fire, music, parades and then some more fire. The party starts on Dec
46、. 29 with a 15, 000-strong song-filled candlelight procession and fire festival through Edinburgh and ends with the symbolic burning of a Viking ship. Days of parades, concerts, dog races and fireworks follow. Reykjavik, Iceland On New Years Eve, Icelanders in Reykjavik gather around dozens of massi
47、ve fires in the open to sing traditional folk songs accompanied, according to local legend by imaginary human-like creatures in folk tales. At midnight the city explodes in a massive fireworks display. The dancing and partying that follow last until the sun comes up, which in Iceland is at about lun
48、chtime on Jan. 1. Kahuitara Point, Chatham Islands If you want to experience New Year with the early birds, the South Pole is the place to be. On any Jan. 1 , the sun sits above the horizon the whole day across most of the South Pole. For a slightly more comfortable holiday vacation, head to the Cha
49、tham Islands. Kahuitara Point on Pitt Island in this Pacific Ocean chain is the first populated place on the planet to see the sun rise. Bangkok, Thailand In Thailand you have three chances to ring in the New Year. On Dec. 31 , Western New Years Eve is celebrated with parties, concerts and fireworks. A few weeks later, the country stages mas sive celebrations in honor of Chin
