1、2011年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly_as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself. （ A） crucial （ B） central （ C） casual （ D） causal 2 The new technological revolution in American news
2、papers has brought increased_a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs. （ A） manipulation （ B） reproduction （ C） circulation （ D） penetration 3 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must_the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world m
3、arket demand. （ A） improve （ B） enhance （ C） guarantee （ D） gear 4 When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure_to carrying your money in cash. （ A） substitute （ B） selection （ C） preference （ D） alternative 5 The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _
4、the speakers stopped for refreshments. （ A） at large （ B） at intervals （ C） at ease （ D） at random 6 The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in_again next spring. （ A） assembly （ B） session （ C） conference （ D） convention 7 The advancement
5、 of science and technology has demonstrated that a fact appearing to contradict to certain theory may actually be_a more advanced formulation of that theory. （ A） consistent with （ B） in opposition to （ C） eliminated by （ D） incompatible with 8 Jennys wealth of practical experience and psychological
6、 acuity(sharpness)_more than her lack of formal academic training. （ A） compensate for （ B） account for （ C） speak volumes for （ D） make for 9 Tom is always lack of self-confidence. His_character called him to miss many golden opportunities. （ A） diffident （ B） ignorant （ C） proud （ D） conceited 10
7、130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute_to the Revolution of Paris Commune in 1873. （ A） testimony （ B） memory （ C） tribute （ D） evidence 11 There are several_between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills. （ A） exaggerations （ B） discrepancies （ C） breakthroughs
8、 （ D） compliances 12 Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away from the grim realities of daily life and_her to fairyland of her own once she started to play. （ A） transforming （ B） transporting （ C） transplanting （ D） transcending 13 My seven-year-old nephew
9、had a pair of new shoes in April and hes already_them. （ A） outweighed （ B） outgrown （ C） outlived （ D） outreached 14 Mrs. Green has been living in lown only one year, yet she seems to be_with everyone who comes to the store. （ A） accepted （ B） admitted （ C） admired （ D） acquainted 15 The full_of ch
10、anges in computer technology will be felt within the next few years. （ A） effort （ B） response （ C） impact （ D） affection 16 The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six _ libraries specially serve the countryside. （ A） mobile （ B） drifting （ C） shifting （ D） rotating 17 I see
11、m to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived_it. （ A） of （ B） off （ C） from （ D） with 18 _human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain. （ A） Deliberate （ B） Consistent （ C） Primitive
12、（ D） Abnormal 19 Britains press is unusual_it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press. （ A） in how （ B） in what （ C） in which （ D） in that 20 The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied_in the area on the night of the fi
13、re. （ A） to be （ B） to have been （ C） having been （ D） be 21 During the conference the speaker tried to_his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision. （ A） comply （ B） impose （ C） imply （ D） convey 22 The most_technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revo
14、lution. （ A） prominent （ B） prosperous （ C） solemn （ D） prevalent 23 While admitting that this forecast was _ uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it as a cry wolf. （ A） anyhow （ B） somewhere （ C） somewhat （ D） anyway 24 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavi
15、or of an animal depends mainly on_. （ A） consciousness （ B） impulse （ C） instinct （ D） response 25 The boy students in this school are nearly_as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business. （ A） as likely twice （ B） likely as twice （ C） as twice likely （ D） twice as like
16、ly 26 With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very_for the nineteenth-century factory workers. （ A） hostile （ B） anxious （ C） tedious （ D） obscure 27 To call the music of another music-culture “primitive“ is_ones own standards on a group that does not recognize them. （ A）
17、putting （ B） emphasizing （ C） forcing （ D） imposing 28 The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many _references. （ A） obscure （ B） acute （ C） notable （ D） objective 29 In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the_concern of state go
18、vernments. （ A） extinct （ B） excluding （ C） excessive （ D） exclusive 30 One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a _ operation, he quickly recovered his sight. （ A） delicate （ B） considerate （ C） precise （ D） sensitive 31 In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flex
19、ible_and many jobs on campus are reserved for students. （ A） scales （ B） patterns （ C） grades （ D） ranks 32 It is true that_a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time. （ A） multiplying （ B） breeding （ C） magnifying （ D） generating 33 The government has devoted a la
20、rge slice of its national_to agriculture than most other countries. （ A） resources （ B） potential （ C） budget （ D） economy 34 A most_argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in. （ A） trivial （ B） delicate （ C） minor （ D） miniature 35 All the finished
21、 products are stored in a_of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time. （ A） garage （ B） cabinet （ C） capsule （ D） warehouse 36 Satellite conmunications are so up-to-date that even when _ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door. （ A
22、） gliding （ B） cruising （ C） piloting （ D） patrolling 37 The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to_the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported. （ A） decrease （ B） subtract （ C） minimize （ D） degrade 38 When people are asked what kind of housing they nee
23、d or want, the question_a variety of answers. （ A） defies （ B） magnifies （ C） mediates （ D） evokes 39 If you want to set up a company, you must_with the regulations laid down by the authorities. （ A） comply （ B） adhere （ C） confirm （ D） accord 40 The cultures of China and Japan have shared many feat
24、ures, but each has used them according to its national_. （ A） engagement （ B） destiny （ C） capacity （ D） temperament 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Lithography(平版印刷术 )is an art process of printing from a plane surface on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. L
25、ithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water. A drawing is made in reverse on the ground surface of the stone with a crayon or ink that contains soap or grease. The image produced on the stone will accept printing ink and reject water. Once the grease in the ink has penetrated the stone, th
26、e drawing is washed off and the stone kept moist. It is then inked with a roller and printed on a lithographic press. As a process, lithography is probably the most unrestricted, allowing a wide range of tones and effects. Several hundred fine prints can be taken from a stone. The medium was employe
27、d by many 19th century artists, including Goya, Delacroix, Daumier, Degas, and remains popular with contemporary artists. Among American artists noted for their lithographs are Currier and Ives. The Currier and Ives firm of lithographers was founded Nathaniel Currier in 1834. James Ives joined the f
28、irm as a bookkeeper eighteen years later just after becoming Curriers brother-in-law, and was made a partner in 1857. The pair showed an uncanny(神秘的 )ability to predict what the American public would rush to buy in the way of cheap art, and literally hundreds of thousands of prints from as many as 7
29、,000 individual pictures were turned out and sold from the firms shop in lower New York by street vendors and over shop counters throughout the country and even in Europe. Though in the course of time the firm employed some of Americas finest artists, artistic excellence could certainly not be count
30、ed among the firms real goals. Nevertheless, some time after it went out of business in 1907, the prints enjoyed new popularity as collectors items, the rarer examples fetching thousands of dollars in the 1920s. 41 What occurs when a design has been drawn on a flat surface with a special grease cray
31、on and to which(the surface)water and then ink are applied? （ A） The ink adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas. （ B） The ink adheres to the moist areas and is repelled by the crayon image. （ C） The water adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas. （ D） Bo
32、th ink and water are repelled by the crayon image. 42 Which of the following correctly describes when Ives became a partner? （ A） As soon as he married Curriers sister. （ B） When he could predict American taste in cheap art better than Currier. （ C） After eighteen years of service to the firm. （ D）
33、When he had worked for the company for about five years. 43 According to the passage, what was the particular factor that seemed to make the firm so successful? （ A） Its feeling for what the public would buy. （ B） Its choice of shop site in lower New York. （ C） The fact that it published prints that
34、 became collectors items. （ D） Its ability to identify upcoming great American artists. 44 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） During its whole history, it sold 7,000 prints. （ B） The firms prints were especially popular in Europe. （ C） The average number of prints from eac
35、h picture was fewer than 7, 000. （ D） Street vendors were among the firms most effective sale force. 45 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The issuing of a Currier 5 000 buildings have been designated as protected locations. One example of the work done by the Departme
36、nt of Preservation of Historical Monuments is Manege Square, which lies just west of the Kremlin. Throughout Moscows past, this Square has been a commercial district. In keeping with that history, the area will be developed as a modern shopping mall, complete with restaurants, theaters, casinos and
37、a parking garage. Archaeologists working in Manege Square uncovered the commercial life of eight centuries. By excavating live meters deep, archaeologists provided a picture of the evolution of commercial Moscow. Among the finds: wooden street pavement from the time of Ivan the Terrible(16th century
38、), a wide cobblestone road from the era of Peter the Great(early 18th century), street paving from the reign of Catherine the Great(mid-to late 18th century), and a wealthy merchants estate(19th century). Smaller finds a belt and buckle, a gold chain, shoes, locks, and a horse harness provide rich d
39、etails about the lives of Muscovites of the past. Now Moscow, a city with more and more modern structures appearing all the time, remains largely distinguished by Byzantine cathedrals, 15th and 16th century stone buildings, and the elegant estates of the 18th and 19th centuries. 46 What is the meani
40、ng of the word “ chaotic“(Para. 2, Line 1)in this passage? （ A） Disordered. （ B） Unformed. （ C） Planetary. （ D） Distant. 47 From the information in paragraph 2, we can infer that_. （ A） the people of Moscow are more interested in modernization than in preservation （ B） the Soviet government destroye
41、d many old buildings in keeping with an anti-czarist policy （ C） there are very few 850-year-old cities in existence and fewer yet that preserve their past （ D） Moscow has a history of invasions, with each new conqueror destroying the buildings of the previous regime 48 New buildings flourished in M
42、oscow to_. （ A） bring back the old glory of the city （ B） destroy the old buildings （ C） compensate with the old buildings （ D） represent progress 49 Which of the following assumptions most influenced the views expressed by the writer? （ A） Generally speaking, people are more interested in building
43、new structures than in saving old one. （ B） Architectural history has little meaning to people struggling to form a new government. （ C） Progress and preservation are equally important principles of urban planning. （ D） Archaeologists and bureaucrats generally do not work well together. 50 Which of
44、the following is TRUE of archaeologists in Moscow? （ A） They have uncovered a great number of historically significant items, both large and small. （ B） They operate under severe time constraints, as contractors wait to begin new buildings. （ C） There are not nearly enough archaeological teams to co
45、nduct all the possible research. （ D） They are concerned about preserving the artifacts of modes of transportation in particular. 50 As the English language has changed at a fast speed in the last century, so has the use of the English language. After the British Broadcasting Corporation(BBC)was fou
46、nded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation(RP)English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English. English has had a
47、strong association with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation. As the need
48、has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a
49、 particular time and in specific circumstances. By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of classlessness. The greatest single inf
