1、上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The two fanatic Puerto Rican nationalists who tried to assassinate Harry Truman in 1950 attacked him when he was living across the street in Blair House while the White House was being renovated. （ A） refurbished （ B） refurnished （ C） reiterated
2、（ D） repainted 2 Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys. （ A） benefit （ B） availability （ C） suitability （ D） convenience 3 Mary _ when she found her husband drunk aga
3、in. （ A） blew her top （ B） became abnormal （ C） was affected （ D） in opposition 4 Toms steps had _ and there was a moment of absolute silence. （ A） died down （ B） died from （ C） died away （ D） died out 5 The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her_attitude toward customers. （ A）
4、straightforward （ B） partial （ C） favourable （ D） hostile 6 We are hoping for a large sale of our new products because the new car design _ all the latest safety features. （ A） illuminates （ B） scrutinizes （ C） simulates （ D） incorporates 7 To be a successful criminal, one must be_. （ A） empirical （
5、 B） emigrant （ C） elegant （ D） elusive 8 _does he know that the police are about to arrest him. （ A） Seldom （ B） Little （ C） Only （ D） Never 9 Can you imagine! He offered me $ 5000 to break my contract. Thats _, of course I didnt agree. I would take legal action. （ A） fraud （ B） blackmail （ C） bribe
6、ry （ D） compensation 10 What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a _, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable. （ A） fashion （ B） necessity （ C） proclivity （ D） nuisance 11 The two pharmaceutical companies collaborated in developing new drugs to_the pain of pati
7、ents in the terminal stages of cancer. （ A） alleviate （ B） confront （ C） insulate （ D） terminate 12 The students take a _ test in March, and tile main exam is July. （ A） previous （ B） preliminary （ C） preceded （ D） elementary 13 This can help to_something that the students may not have comprehended.
8、 （ A） signify （ B） specify （ C） testify （ D） clarify 14 We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because _. （ A） it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science （ B） science affects almost every aspect of our life （ C） scientists live in a spec
9、ific substructure （ D） it is easier to understand general characteristics of science 15 Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no _ but to report him to the local police. （ A） time （ B） chance （ C） authority （ D） alternative 16 The word “pronounced
10、“ in the last sentence of the passage probably means _. （ A） sympathetic （ B） conspicuous （ C） identifiable （ D） unbridgeable 17 Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence. （ A） permanence （ B） proliferation （ C） perseverance （ D） predominance 18 The children like to_the new Englis
11、h teacher, who has a noticeable manner of walking. （ A） take out （ B） take over （ C） take down （ D） take off 19 The chairman of the company said that new techniques had _ improved their production efficiency. （ A） violently （ B） severely （ C） extremely （ D） radically 20 Every person on the sales tea
12、m is _ because they work together well. （ A） incompatible （ B） incredible （ C） indefinite （ D） indispensable 21 The workers of space shuttle Discovery got into the back of the shuttle to look for_in the electronics that send data from the sensors to onboard computers. （ A） glitches （ B） suspects （ C
13、） orbiters （ D） pitches 22 Trees _ themselves by seeds. （ A） cultivate （ B） grow （ C） enrich （ D） propagate 23 Some one has said that a mans history begins about one hundred and fifty years before his birth, or words _. （ A） in any case （ B） to that effect （ C） in a sense （ D） to the contrary 24 The
14、 survey asked 50 school children about the values and beliefs they _ from television. （ A） pick up （ B） take up （ C） put up （ D） make up 25 If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him_. （ A） on your account （ B） on your behalf （ C） for your part （ D） in your interest 26 It didnt seem to have _
15、 to her that once she was addicted to drug smoking, she could hardly give it up. But it did happen. （ A） happened （ B） took place （ C） occurred （ D） came about 27 _ initial recognition while still quite young. （ A） Most famous scientists achieved （ B） That most famous scientists schieved （ C） Most f
16、amous scientists who achieved （ D） For most famous scientists to achieve 28 Under the deteriorating social condition, a new stable order is demanded to_the social foundation against its collapse. （ A） cripple （ B） buttress （ C） abandon （ D） suspend 29 He won by_because his opponent refused to play.
17、（ A） defect （ B） default （ C） deficit （ D） refusal 30 The intellectually_ enterprise of science depends on free communication. （ A） depressing （ B） depressed （ C） exhilarating （ D） exhilarated 二、 Cloze 31 【 C6】 （ A） upright （ B） tight （ C） fast （ D） stiff 31 In the United States, the first day nurse
18、ry was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the【 51】 half of the 19th century; most of【 52】were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day nursery movement received great【 53】 during the First World War, when【 54】 of manpower caused the industrial employment
19、of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established【 55】 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.【 56】the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose【 57】 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following
20、the First World War,【 58】 , federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control【 59】 the day nurseries, chiefly by【 60】 them and by inspecting and regulating the condition within the nurseries. The【 61】 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in
21、 the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were【 62】 called up on to replace men in the factories. On this【 63】 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools,【 64】 $6,000,000 in July, 1942,for a nursery school program for the children of working mothe
22、rs. Many States and local communities【 65】this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared【 66】 in daycare centers receiving Federal【 67】 Soon afterward, the Federal government【 68】 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later【 69】them, ca
23、using a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their【 70】 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled. 51 Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe liv
24、ing at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the worlds great seaport cities would be【 C1】 _: New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countriesMaldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific would be inundated. Heavily pop
25、ulated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt, 【 C2】 _large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme【 C3】 _. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,【 C4】 _in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. 【 C5】 _water qual
26、ity may result as【 C6】 _flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural【 C7】_could be flooded with ocean water, destroying forever many of the【 C8】_plant and animal species living there. Food supplies and forests would be【 C9】 _affecte
27、d. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would【 C10】 _grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects【 C11】 _the crops. Human health would also be affected. Warming could【 C12】 _tropical
28、 climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria, and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful【 C13】 _of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 【 C14】 _. There will be some【 C15】 _from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, lon
29、ger growing seasons further north will【 C16】 _new agricultural lands, and warmer temperature will make some of todays colder regions more【 C17】 _. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systemsboth plant and animalwill be less able than man to cope and【 C18】 _. Any change of tem
30、perature, rainfall,and sea level of the magnitude now【 C19】 _will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well. The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to
31、take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions【 C20】_by global warming. 52 【 C1】 （ A） ascended （ B） assaulted （ C） erased （ D） endangered 53 【 C2】 （ A） which （ B） where （ C） when （ D） what 54 【 C3】 （ A） dislocation （ B） discontent （ C） distribution （ D） disti
32、nction 55 【 C4】 （ A） rebuking （ B） rambling （ C） resulting （ D） rallying 56 【 C5】 （ A） Increased （ B） Reduced （ C） Expanded （ D） Saddened 57 【 C6】 （ A） inland （ B） coastal （ C） urban （ D） suburban 58 【 C7】 （ A） dry-land （ B） mountain （ C） wetlands （ D） forest 59 【 C8】 （ A） unique （ B） precious （ C）
33、interesting （ D） exciting 60 【 C9】 （ A） geologically （ B） adversely （ C） secretively （ D） serially 61 【 C10】 （ A） shift （ B） generate （ C） grease （ D） fuse 62 【 C11】 （ A） hiking （ B） hugging （ C） attacking （ D） activating 63 【 C12】 （ A） endanger （ B） accommodate （ C） adhere （ D） enlarge 64 【 C13】 （
34、A） profits （ B） values （ C） effects （ D） interests 65 【 C14】 （ A） conditions （ B） accommodation （ C） surroundings （ D） evolution 66 【 C15】 （ A） adjustments （ B） benefits （ C） adoptions （ D） profits 67 【 C16】 （ A） alternate （ B） abuse （ C） advocate （ D） create 68 【 C17】 （ A） accidental （ B） habitable
35、 （ C） anniversary （ D） ambient 69 【 C18】 （ A） adapt （ B） alleviate （ C） agitate （ D） assert 70 【 C19】 （ A） ascertained （ B） conformed （ C） consoled （ D） anticipated 71 【 C20】 （ A） tutored （ B） relayed （ C） triggered （ D） reflected 71 Human beings are animals. We breathe, cat end digest, and reproduc
36、e-the same life【 71】 common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same. However, biological understanding is not enough:【 72】 itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.【 73】 to our physical equipmentthe naked human bodywe are not an【 74】 an
37、imal. We are tropical creatures,【 75】 hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical【 76】 , our species seems a poor【 77】 for survival. B
38、ut we have survivedsurvived and multiplied and【 78】 the earth. Some day we will have a【 79】 living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical.【 80】 its limitations, our physi
39、cal equipment has some important【 81】 . We have excellent vision and hands that can【 82】 objects with a precision unmatched by any other【 83】 . Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost【 84】 number of neural【 85】 . We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our s
40、urvival and success. If we live in the Arctic. we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need【 86】clothing, shelter, and【 87】 heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and【 88】 deficits by transporting supplies fro
41、m distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations. It was not always【 89】 . 0ur distant ancestors were just animals, faced with th
42、e limits of their physical equipment. They had no【 90】 and lacked the physical capacity to use it. （ A） processes （ B） acts （ C） modes. （ D） procedures （ A） on （ B） with （ C） for （ D） by （ A） Stripped （ B） Pared （ C） Peeled （ D） Removed （ A） intelligent （ B） impressive （ C） influential （ D） incentiv
43、e （ A） barely （ B） hardly （ C） nearly （ D） scarcely （ A） meaning （ B） judgement （ C） perspective （ D） sense （ A） bet （ B） chance （ C） fact （ D） luck （ A） filled （ B） loaded （ C） stuffed （ D） scattered （ A） residence （ B） colony （ C） home （ D） empire （ A） Apart from （ B） With regard to （ C） With the
44、exception of （ D） In spite of （ A） abilities （ B） qualities （ C） powers （ D） possibilities （ A） maneuver （ B） manage （ C） manipulate （ D） manufacture （ A） animal （ B） animals （ C） skill （ D） skills （ A） infinite （ B） unknown （ C） boundless （ D） ceaseless （ A） connections （ B） relations （ C） activiti
45、es （ D） accesses （ A） for （ B） to （ C） with （ D） by （ A） artificial （ B） fake （ C） unreal （ D） unauthentic （ A） add up （ B） breakup （ C） makeup （ D） cutup （ A） this （ B） thus （ C） hence （ D） that （ A） intellect （ B） equipment （ C） competence （ D） culture 91 It is not long since conditions in the min
46、es were worse than they are now. There are still【 C1】 _a few very old women who in their youth have worked【 C2】 _, with harness round their waists, and a chain【 C3】 _passed between their legs, crawling on all【 C4】 _and dragging tugs of coal. They used to go on【 C5】_this even when they were pregnant
47、And【 C6】 _now, if coal could not be produced without pregnant women dragging it【 C7】 _and fro, I fancy we should let them do it【 C8】 _than deprive ourselves of coal. But most of the time, of course, we should【 C9】 _to forget that they were doing it It is the【 C10】 _with all types of manual work;it k
48、eeps us a-live.and we are oblivious of its existence. More than anything【 C11】_perhaps, the miner can stand as the type of manual worker, not only because it is so vitally necessary and【 C12】 _so【 C13】 _.that we are capable【 C14】_forgetting it as we forget the blood in our veins. In【 C15】 _way it is even humiliating to watch coal-miners working. It raises in you a momentary doubt【 C16】_your own status as an“ intellectual“ and a superior person generally. For it is brought【 C17】 _to you, at least while you are watching, that it is only【 C18】_mi
