1、2012年专业英语八级真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Observing Behavior People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behavior. Howeve
3、r, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differences daily life observation -casual -(1)_ (1)_ -dependence on memory research observation -(2)_ (2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in research time sampling -systematic: e.g. fixed intervals ev
4、ery hour -random: fixed intervals but (3)_ (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. (4)_ (4)_ -definition: selection of different locations -reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances (5)_ -(6)_: more objective observations (6)_ C. Ways to record
5、behavior (7)_ (7) _ observation with intervention -participant observation: researcher as observer and participant -field experiment: researcher (8)_over conditions (8)_ observation without intervention -purpose; describing behaviour (9)_ (9)_ _(10)_: no intervention (10)_ -researcher: a passive rec
6、order SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. N
7、ow listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT? （ A） Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking. （ B） The duration of the creative process varies from person to person. （ C） Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions. （ D）
8、The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms. 12 The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity （ A） appears to be the result of the environment. （ B） seems to be attributable to genetic makeup. （ C） appears to be more associated with great people. （ D） comes from both enviro
9、nment and genetic makeup. 13 How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe? （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. 14 Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview? （ A） Unconventional. （ B） Original. （ C） Resolute. （ D） Critic
10、al. 15 The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view that （ A） brain exercising will not make people creative. （ B） most people have diversified interests and hobbies. （ C） the environment is significant in the creative process. （ D） creativity can only be found in great peo
11、ple. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the news item mainly about? （ A） U.S. astronauts ma
12、de three space walks. （ B） An international space station was set up. （ C） A problem in the cooling system was solved. （ D） A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed. 17 In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside? （ A） India. （ B） The Philippines. （ C） Egy
13、pt. （ D） Not mentioned. 18 What is the main purpose of the study? （ A） To reveal cultural differences and similarities. （ B） To expose cases of child abuse and punishment. （ C） To analyze child behaviour across countries. （ D） To investigate ways of physical punishment. 19 According to the news item
14、, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was_less than the first quarter. （ A） 0.6 percent. （ B） 3.4 percent. （ C） 4 percent. （ D） 3 percent. 20 How many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth? （ A） 2. （ B） 3. （ C） 4. （ D） 5. 20 I used to look at my closet and see clot
15、hes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water. It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves, A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons. Until last fall,
16、Id been oblivious to my “water footprint“, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the “Green
17、 Blue Book“ by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in. Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and
18、 infiltration pits to collect the thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom installing a composting toilet. Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket project
19、s. Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it. To see how much virtual water I was using, 1 l
20、ogged on to the “Green Blue Book“ website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers coffee, wine and beer - Im using 512 gal
21、lons of virtual water each day just to feed myself. In a word: alarming. Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. if Im serious about saving
22、water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets. Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather b
23、oots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton. Crunching the numbers for t
24、he amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic. Gulp. My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but I have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goo
25、dwill. In fact. Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reinforced it for me. More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I
26、 had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit. (One gallon = 3.8 litres) 21 According to the passage, the Water Footprint Network （ A） made the author aware of freshwater shortage. （ B） helped the author get to know the Green Bl
27、ue Book. （ C） worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes. （ D） collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation. 22 Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction? （ A） He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his
28、 own way. （ B） Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile. （ C） His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities. （ D） He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle. 23 According to the context, “.how my own actions factored in“ means （ A） h
29、ow I could contribute to water conservation. （ B） what efforts I should make to save fresh water. （ C） what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving. （ D） how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage. 24 According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact that （ A）
30、he was having more meat and coffee. （ B） his clothes used even more virtual water. （ C） globally there will be less fresh water. （ D） his lifestyle was too extravagant. 25 “My entire closet is borderline Olympic“ is an example of （ A） exaggeration. （ B） analogy. （ C） understatement. （ D） euphemism.
31、26 What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph? （ A） Sarcastic. （ B） ironic. （ C） Critical. （ D） Humorous. 26 In her novel of “Reunion, American Style“, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the
32、back of nearly all our minds: Did they do better than I?“ Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments w
33、ith those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes. Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). Bu
34、t the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities
35、than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times! It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups
36、, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite. Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family, or c
37、olleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organiz
38、ed on a regular basis, and in the process, they have also become big business. Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were org
39、anized by volunteers. The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania. Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions. The variety of college reunions is im
40、pressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River. Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not
41、, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond - for example, because they
42、are relatively small or especially prestigious tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they
43、 encourage “affinity reunions“ for groups of former cheerleaders. editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like. Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant
44、 to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics“. If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of thei
45、r university ties or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to harbor unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions. 27 According to the passage, Sparacinos study （ A） provided strong evidence for Jaffes statement
46、. （ B） showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study. （ C） found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience. （ D） found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success. 28 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions
47、? （ A） U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success. （ B） Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies. （ C） Class reunions have become a profitable business. （ D） Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities. 29 What mainly attr
48、acts many people to return to campus for reunion? （ A） The variety of activities for class reunion. （ B） The special status their university enjoys. （ C） Shared experience beyond the campus. （ D） Shared undergraduate experience on campus. 30 The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is to （ A） introduce Rona Jaffes novel. （ B） present the authors counterargument. （ C） serve as prelude to the authors argument. （ D） bring into focus contrasting opinions. 31 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reuni
