1、2012年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 As the worlds largest grain exporter, the United States has_power over the world food distribution system. （ A） assorted （ B） unrivaled （ C） compounded （ D） intrigued 2 The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to_, but rat
2、her to increase with every new discovery. （ A） clarify （ B） eliminate （ C） diminish （ D） extinguish 3 Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more_emotion. （ A） compelling （ B） abiding （ C） violent （ D） sophisticated 4 The new range of p
3、roducts_last autumn is already selling far better than is expected. （ A） launched （ B） marketed （ C） prevailed （ D） envisioned 5 Einstein was a man deeply_to the ideal of the morally responsible scientist. （ A） affected （ B） committed （ C） subjected （ D） maintained 6 I am_to Mr. Morrison because of
4、the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here. （ A） gratified （ B） unforgettable （ C） desirous （ D） indebted 7 Some sociologists are worried about the _ competition for status that is intensified throughout the whole society. （ A） fraudulent （ B） generous （ C） dynamic （ D） compuls
5、ive 8 With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the_of a very hard winter. （ A） expectation （ B） prospect （ C） promise （ D） damage 9 If securities of a foreign corporation are sold in the US, the corporation is_to the US law. （ A） dedicated （ B） subject （ C） projected （ D） loyal 10 Hi
6、storians share one fundamental_that we can learn from the mistakes of our past. （ A） assumption （ B） supposition （ C） ideology （ D） ethos 11 New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods_. （ A） efficient （ B） emergent （ C） obsolete （ D） nostalgic 12 The term nonverbal commun
7、ication_a number of categories: body language, vocal intonations, physical objects, and space, among others. （ A） embraces （ B） classifies （ C） constitutes （ D） intervenes 13 The initial results of the experiment didnt_ quite as expected, to their disappointment. （ A） take place （ B） end up （ C） bri
8、ng about （ D） turn out 14 She is trying to_him by phone as she has some very important news for him. （ A） touch （ B） reach （ C） relate （ D） connect 15 James is quite _with the customs and languages of the people in that part of the country. （ A） knowledgeable （ B） common （ C） aware （ D） familiar 16
9、They did not realize that they had_a crime by cutting down the tree. （ A） performed （ B） undertaken （ C） made （ D） committed 17 Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial_on your health. （ A） impact （ B） generation （ C） disposition （ D） dependence 18 The teacher wanted to make the stud
10、ents realize that reading good literature is a good way to broaden their_. （ A） vision （ B） horizon （ C） scope （ D） expansion 19 He implied that the President had lied and_obstructed justice. （ A） nonetheless （ B） however （ C） thereby （ D） likewise 20 A team of researchers_the problem of diseases co
11、nnected with contaminated milk. （ A） address （ B） interact （ C） wonder （ D） react 二、 Cloze 20 If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to【 C1】 _that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means t
12、hat the public needs to have a basic understanding of science【 C2】 _it can make informed decisions and not【 C3】_them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude【 C4】 _science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of【 C5】 _that new developm
13、ents in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesnt understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon【 C6】 _of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important【 C7】 _behind support for the Green p
14、arties. What can be done to【 C8】 _this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools scie
15、nce is often【 C9】 _in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they dont see its【 C10】 _to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, th
16、ey frighten most people. 21 【 C1】 （ A） assess （ B） discern （ C） ensure （ D） anticipate 22 【 C2】 （ A） because （ B） so that （ C） despite that （ D） though 23 【 C3】 （ A） clutch （ B） leave （ C） fabricate （ D） nurture 24 【 C4】 （ A） about （ B） with （ C） upon （ D） toward 25 【 C5】 （ A） living （ B） life （ C）
17、survival （ D） lives 26 【 C6】 （ A） literature （ B） person （ C） art （ D） figure 27 【 C7】 （ A） role （ B） concept （ C） element （ D） index 28 【 C8】 （ A） constrain （ B） harness （ C） foster （ D） extinguish 29 【 C9】 （ A） presented （ B） conducted （ C） portrayed （ D） utilized 30 【 C10】 （ A） meaning （ B） contr
18、ibution （ C） application （ D） relevance 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 During the 1700s and 1800s, major fighting during wars generally ceased for the winters and armies took up winter encampments. As winter descended upon Pennsylvania in 1777, General George Washington chose Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
19、, some eighteen miles west of Philadelphia as site of the winter encampment of the Continental Army. The area was far enough away from the British in Philadelphia to discourage surprise attacks and its location between high hills and the Schuylkill River made it easily defensible. The Continental Ar
20、my, however, was in bad shape. Of the 12,000 soldiers, many lacked the supplies or clothing to Survive the winter and many others were starving at this point. At Valley Forge, defense lines were built along with over 1, 000 huts to provide some relief from the brutal elements. Moisture from rain and
21、 melting snow made it impossible for many soldiers to stay dry and allowed for the spread of disease. The only reliable food that the soldiers received was a mixture of flour and water known as “firecake“. Occasionally, soldiers received meat and bread. Furthermore, many soldiers had inadequate supp
22、lies of clothing and were forced to endure the winter in tatters and without blankets. Many lacked shoes. Wounded soldiers often died from exposure to the elements. Unsanitary and crowded conditions led to the proliferation of diseases and sicknesses such as typhoid and pneumonia. Over 2, 000 people
23、 died from such sicknesses. On February 23 , 1778, former German General Baron von Steuben arrived at Valley Forge to train the Patriots how to march in formation, fire guns quickly, use bayonets and become soldiers. Though von Steuben spoke little English, he developed a training manual in French t
24、hat would be translated on the grounds into English. Unlike many American generals, von Steuben worked directly with the soldiers, endearing him to the thousands suffering at Valley Forge. Von Steubens presence did much to improve the morale of the army during the bitter winter and also helped them
25、develop into a more tactical, effective military machine, capable of fighting the British. On June 19, 1778, the Continental Army left Valley Forge in pursuit of the British who were moving north to New York. 31 Why did General Washington choose Valley Forge as the site of his armys winter encampmen
26、t? （ A） It was close to a source of water. （ B） It was warmer than any other encampments. （ C） Its location made it easy to defend. （ D） It was the only place where he wouldnt be attacked. 32 How was Baron von Steuben different from American generals? （ A） He never worked directly with soldiers. （ B
27、） He worked directly with soldiers. （ C） He would go into battle with soldiers. （ D） He liked the British. 33 What was probably the most important contributions made by Baron von Steuben? （ A） He helped transform the Continental Army into an army that could actually fight the British. （ B） He taught
28、 the soldiers how to use bayonets. （ C） He taught the soldiers that their Generals did not have to speak good English. （ D） He provided the soldiers with things to laugh about. 34 What happened last? （ A） The Continental Army learned to fire guns faster and to use bayonets. （ B） The Continental Army
29、 began their pursuit of the British. （ C） It was April 1778 when the war finally came to an end. （ D） Baron Von Steuben arrived. 34 Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually takes to produce a spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to the student writer, who sees only
30、a finished product and never watches the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work carefully, returns to the task, steps back, returns, steps back, again and again. Anthony Burgess, one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, “I might revise a pa
31、ge twenty times. “ Ronald Dahl, the popular childrens writer, states, “By the time Im nearing the end of a story, the first part will have been reread and changed and corrected at least 150 times. Good writing is essentially rewriting. I am positive of this. “ Rewriting isnt something that ought to
32、be done. It is simply something that most writers find they have to do to discover what they have to say and how to say it. It is a condition of the writers life. There are, however, a few writers who do little formal rewriting, primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and r
33、eview a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page. And some writers slowly produce finished pages, performing all the tasks of revision, page by page. But it is still possible to see the sequence followed by most writers most of the time in rereading their own wor
34、k. Most writers can scan their draft first, reading as quickly as possible to catch the larger problems of subject and form, then move in closer and closer as they read and write, reread and rewrite. 35 What does the student writer fail to do? （ A） To have enough time to devote to writing. （ B） To f
35、ind his disadvantage in writing. （ C） To see his works complete. （ D） To observe other writers rewrite. 36 What do we know about Anthony Burgess? （ A） He is the first person to find the disadvantage of the student writer. （ B） He is a craftsman who always regrets what he has done and therefore redoe
36、s it. （ C） He has published many literary works. （ D） He enjoys writing on the same page many times. 37 Why do some writers do little formal rewriting? （ A） Because they can do the mental rewriting. （ B） Because they are not positive of what they have to say or how to say it. （ C） Because they belie
37、ve rewriting is not worthwhile. （ D） Because they have to find their pages first before they write. 38 What do most writers have in common? （ A） Spending a great deal of time plotting and drafting. （ B） Performing all the tasks of revision at once. （ C） Spending most of their time reading others wor
38、ks. （ D） Rereading and rewriting their works. 38 He brought an entirely new level of style and sophistication to jazz music. Although a gifted piano player, Duke Ellington used the orchestra as his principal instrument. He considered himself a composer and arranger rather than just a musician, like
39、Jelly Roll Morton before him. It was in 1917 when Duke began playing music professionally in Washington, D. C. Stride piano players like James P. Johnson and Willie “The Lion“ Smith influenced his piano technique. Duke led a band called The Washingtonians, which played at The Hollywood Club in Manha
40、ttan(the club was later renamed as the Kentucky Club). This band acquired a style all its own when trumpet player Bubber Miley joined it, bringing with him his unique plunger-mute style of playing. Called the “Jungle Sound,“ this sound came to be largely responsible for Ellingtons early success. A g
41、ood example of this style of playing is the song East St. Louis Toodle-Oo. In 1924, the group recorded their first album, Choo Choo(Gotta Hurry Home and Rainy Nights(Rainy Days). However, the band didnt hit the big time until after Irving Mills became their manager and publisher in 1926. In 1927, th
42、e band rerecorded versions of East St. Louis Toodle-Oo, then debuted two songs that would be associated with Duke the for rest of his career, Black and Tan Fantasy and Creole Love Call. Ellingtons Orchestra, unlike many of its contemporaries, was able to make the transition from 1920s hot jazz of th
43、e to 1930s swing music. One song it played, It Dont Mean a Thing(If It Aint Got That Swing), even came to define the era. What kept the Ellington Orchestra a major force in jazz was this very ability to adapt and grow with the times. The fame and influence of Ellington continued to grow throughout t
44、he 40s and 50s. His band continued to come up with jazz standards like Take the “A“ Train, Perdido, the “C“ Jam Blues, and Satin Doll. Duke wrote several religious pieces in the 1960s. He also composed The Far East Suite, then also collaborated with a highly diverse group of jazz musicians, among th
45、em Charles Mingus and Max Roach with whom he played a trio. 39 What is the main topic of this passage? （ A） The life of Duke Ellington. （ B） The shift from jazz to swing music. （ C） The music of Duke Ellington. （ D） The development of jazz music. 40 According to the passage, Duke Ellington worked as
46、 all of the following EXCEPT as a_. （ A） band leader （ B） singer （ C） band manager （ D） composer 41 Which of the following statements would the author of this passage most probably agree with? （ A） Duke Ellingtons resistance to change caused the collapse of his musical career. （ B） Duke Ellington di
47、d most of his jazz compositions in collaboration with others. （ C） Duke Ellingtons classical compositions are his greatest contribution to music. （ D） Duke Ellingtons sophisticated musical style greatly influenced the jazz genre. 42 All of the following statements about Duke Ellington are true EXCEP
48、T_. （ A） He trained several bands to perform his jazz music. （ B） He had always performed with his own band. （ C） He was a major influence in jazz music. （ D） He composed many songs that defined a certain period. 42 The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into educatio
49、n would remove the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time had the humanists thought that the study of the classical authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them,
