1、2005年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left half of the brain controls language. （ A） fields of study （ B） groups of experts （ C） seminars （ D） regulations 2 Your analogy was not a good one because the
2、 two situations are not similar. （ A） comparison （ B） categorization （ C） classification （ D） cognition 3 Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was confined to her home by her tyrannical father. （ A） constricted （ B） drawn （ C） tied （ D） restricted 4 The conquerors stole not only th
3、e gold and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation. （ A） substitute （ B） recollect （ C） restock （ D） resume 5 Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet. （ A） hindrance （ B） misfortune （ C） cat
4、astrophe （ D） threat 6 Project Hond Start which was inaugurated in the United States in 1965 is a federally funded preschool for economically and culturally disadvantaged children. （ A） initiated （ B） celebrated （ C） installed （ D） proposed 7 The editorial described drug abuse as the greatest calami
5、ty of our age. （ A） catalyst （ B） disaster （ C） casualty （ D） retaliation 8 Our hospital has an affiliation with the medical school of the City University. （ A） organization （ B） administriation （ C） connection （ D） cooperation 9 Whenever be goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances. （ A） f
6、inds a lodging in （ B） makes a close study of （ C） provides lodging for （ D） adapts himself to 10 The scholar discoursed at great lengths on the unconventional poetic style of Walter Whitman, the 19th century American poet. （ A） indicated （ B） conversed （ C） fabricated （ D） repudiated 11 Even after
7、ten years her name conjures up such beautiful memories. （ A） covers up （ B） reveals （ C） brings to mind （ D） makes up 12 Students learning about how life began on Earth may be presented with the perplexing question, “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?“ （ A） pressing （ B） puzzling （ C） patroni
8、zing （ D） penetrating 13 Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion. （ A） significance （ B） value （ C） enlightenment （ D） relevance 14 The family was too obstinate to evacuate the house when the flood began. （ A） scared （ B） stubborn （ C） secure （ D） cautious 15 The new
9、 administration will adopt a policy of laissez-faire toward industry. （ A） encouragement （ B） limitation （ C） noninterference （ D） interference 二、 Error Identification 16 Satellite technology (means) (that people) can watch the same TV programs in (other) parts of the world (like) in America. （ A） m
10、eans （ B） that people （ C） other （ D） like in 17 (Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent. （ A） Depictions （ B） can found （ C） in （ D） nearly every 18 Perhaps the most typically American (types) of feature movie, the weste
11、rn, (has been) a resurgence (in) popularity (in recent years). （ A） types （ B） has been （ C） in （ D） in recent years 19 The groundhog comes (out its) burrow (after) hibernating (through) winter, and wanders about the prairie (looking) for food. （ A） out its （ B） after （ C） through （ D） looking 20 Th
12、e immune system (protects) the body (by) recognizing and destroying (abnormally) or foreign cells, as well as (providing) antibodies to fight bacteria. （ A） protects （ B） by （ C） abnormally （ D） providing 21 Public health experts say that (the) money one spends (avoiding) illness is (less) than the
13、cost (to be) sick. （ A） the （ B） avoiding （ C） less （ D） to be 22 Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons). （ A） alike （ B） that （ C） possess （ D） skeletons 23 23.D.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great pop
14、ularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema. （ A） directing （ B） achieving （ C） and was （ D） modern 24 Cheap labor (scarcity was) in the cotton plantations (of the) American South, and (slaves) became (standard) practice. （ A） scarcity （ B） of the （ C） slaves （ D） standard 25 A pacifist is a pers
15、on (with) a deeply (hold) belief (in solving) disputes only (via) peaceful means. （ A） with （ B） hold （ C） in solving （ D） via 26 (In) the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians (lived) in the Northern Hemisphere grew (their) crops on river bottom (lands). （ A） In （ B） lived （ C） their （ D） lands 27
16、(The) number of leprosy cases around the world (has been) cut (of) ninety (percent) during the past ten years. （ A） The （ B） has been （ C） of （ D） percent 28 (In) the same way that (news services) have changed (since) the invention of television. So(does) entertainment. （ A） In （ B） news services （
17、C） since （ D） does 29 Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the bodys calcium balance (and) tooth decay. （ A） research （ B） what （ C） link between （ D） and 30 The ozone layer (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations). （ A） must
18、 protected （ B） it （ C） from （ D） radiations 三、 Cloze 30 When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators【 31】 effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to【 32】 themselves to the new medium【 33】 W
19、hen working【 34】 radio for example, they had become【 35】 to seeing on behalf of the listener. This art of seeing for others means that the commentator had to be very good at taling.【 36】 all he has to be able to create a continuous sequence of visual images which add meaning to the sounds which the
20、listener hears. In the case of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role,【 37】 is completely different. He is there to make sure that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and 【 38】 the images on the television s
21、creen. Unlike his radio colleague, he【 39】 know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments【 40】 the pictures speak for themselves. （ A） were able to be equally （ B） were able to be equal （ C） were able being equally （ D） were able to be equal （ A） turn （ B） adapt （ C） alter （ D） modify
22、（ A） was technical （ B） was technically （ C） were technical （ D） were technically （ A） on （ B） at （ C） with （ D） behind （ A） experienced （ B） determined （ C） established （ D） accustomed （ A） After （ B） Above （ C） Of （ D） In （ A） however （ B） after all （ C） therefore （ D） in effect （ A） exhibit （ B）
23、demonstrate （ C） expose （ D） interpret （ A） should （ B） must （ C） can （ D） would （ A） if （ B） when （ C） which （ D） as 四、 Reading Comprehension 40 As individuals, we are inherently more bruited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our o
24、wn single perspectives. We are only one person-looking at the world from one place, one history, one pattern of knowing. A community, on the other hand can see things through many eyes, many histories, many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrat
25、es that diversity. Communities are wise to the extent they use diversity well. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge. So they engag
26、e in that interplay, that dialogue-a creative controversy or consensus process that winds its way to wise public judgment. The best government is that government which enables communities to do this-to nurture and utilizes their wisdom and resources-especially their diversity-in such a way that they
27、 require less and less government. A community that can manage itself in a wise and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they cant depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating
28、 each others power. They know that leaders work must be seen as living extensions of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive “followership“ abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alie
29、nated power. A democratic community grows beyond dependence and paternalism. In a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has “come of age“. Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context
30、with others, drawing on its inner resources (its diverse members) and relating responsively and creatively with its environment. 41 The writer believes that individuals _. （ A） are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourceful （ B） are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circle
31、（ C） can focus on one history or one aspect of knowledge （ D） must decide whether or not to take advantage of the diversity 42 The writer compares individuals and communities in order to _. （ A） argue that communities are wiser than individuals （ B） criticize communitys lack of friendliness and pers
32、pective （ C） prove that each has its own merits and advantages （ D） show how community wisdom comes from individuals 43 According to the passage, the best truth comes when _. （ A） all different communities are equally smart （ B） the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole community （ C） people
33、of various opinions work together in a productive way （ D） people hold debates and put on plays to find out the wise judgment 44 It can be concluded that the best government is one _. （ A） that guides communities to make wise judgment （ B） that encourages communities to work for the government （ C）
34、that makes use of communitys wisdom and diversity to perform its function （ D） that leaves governing to the wisdom of communities and governs least 45 According to the passage, in a democratic society _. （ A） collective wisdom is employed in the management of the community （ B） government is regarde
35、d as useless and unnecessary （ C） leaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide people （ D） people are allowed to do whatever they want to do 46 In the last paragraph, the phrase “come of age“ is closest in meaning to _. （ A） arrival of a new time （ B） reaching maturation （ C） being advanced （ D
36、） catching up with the trend 46 Most new words are made up from other earlier words; language-making is a conservative process, wasting little. When new words unfold out of old ones, the original meaning usually hangs around like an unrecognizable scent, a sort of secret. There are two immense words
37、 from Indo-European, gene and bheu, each a virtual anthill in itself, from which we have constructed the notion Of everything. At the beginning or as far back as they are traceable, they meant something like being. Gene signified beginning, giving birth, while bheu indicated existence and growth. Ge
38、ne turned itself successively into kund jaz (Germanic) and gecynd (Old English), meaning kin or kind. Kind was at first a family connection, later an elevated social rank, and finally came to rest meaning kindly or gentle. Meanwhile, a branch of gene became the Latin gens which emerged as genus, gen
39、ius, genital, and generous; then still holding on to its inner significance it became “nature“ (out of gnasci). While gene was evolving into “nasture“ and “kind“ bheu was moving through similar transformations. One branch became the English word “build“. It also moved into Greek, as phuein, meaning
40、to bring forth and make grow; then as phusis, which was another word for nature. Phusis became the source of physic which at first meant natural science and later was the word for medicine. Still later, physic became physics. Both words, at todays stage of their evolution, can be taken together to m
41、ean, literally, everything in the universe. You do not come by words like this easily; they cannot just be made up from scratch. They need long lives before they can signify. “Everyting,“ C. S. Lewis observed in a discussion of the words, “is a subject on which there is not much to be said.“ The wor
42、ds themselves must show the internal marks of long use; they must contain their own inner conversation. 47 The passage is mainly concerned with _. （ A） how to coin new words （ B） where to trace the origin of language （ C） the evolution of words （ D） language and nature 48 When a new word is formed f
43、rom an old one _. （ A） the original meaning of the old dies out （ B） it is hard to know the secret of the development of the word （ C） the new word carries with itself some of the original meaning （ D） the meaning of the new word is often confusing 49 Why does the writer say “gene“ and “bheu“ are im
44、mense words? （ A） Because they are rich in meaning. （ B） Because they come from a very old language. （ C） Because they remind us of anthill. （ D） Because they mean beginning and birth. 50 The word “gene“ develops into the following meaings and words EXCEPT _. （ A） beginning （ B） growth （ C） generous
45、 （ D） gentle 50 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperious, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings
46、, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature, can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjetcs come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects ar
47、e accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?“ and “How did it happen?“ have given way to the question “Why did it happen?“ Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why“ is psychoanalysis, and
48、its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psyc
49、hohistorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Frendian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts“ not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historica
