1、Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter EquipmentAPI SPECIFICATION 16DSECOND EDITION, JULY 2004EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 2005REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2013Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems f
2、or Diverter Equipment Upstream SegmentAPI SPECIFICATION 16DSECOND EDITION, JULY 2004EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 2005REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2013SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particu-lar circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulat
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14、uteFOREWORDThis specification is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Standardization ofDrilling Well Control Systems. It represents a composite of industry-accepted practices andstandard specifications employed by various equipment-manufacturing companies. The goalof this specification
15、 is to assist the oil and gas industry in promoting personnel safety, publicsafety, integrity of the drilling rig and associated equipment, and preservation of the environ-ment for land and marine drilling operations. In some instances, reconciled composites ofthese practices are included in this pu
16、blication. Suggested revisions are invited and should besubmitted to the API, Standards Department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, orby e-mail to standardsapi.org.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and
17、 reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or
18、municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used vol-untarily from the date of distribution.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 TERMS, DEFINITIONS
20、, AND ABBREVIATED TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 GENERAL CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 Design Review . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3 Equipment Design Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 CATEGORIES OF CONTROL SYSTEM APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.1 Cont
22、rol Systems for Surface Mounted BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.2 Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks (Common Elements). . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 Discrete Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.4 Electro-hydraulic and Multipl
23、ex (MUX) Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.5 Diverter Control Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.6 Auxiliary Equipment, Control System Feature
24、s and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.7 Emergency Disconnect Sequenced Systems (EDS) (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.8 Backup Control Systems (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.9 Special Deepwater/Harsh Environment Features (Optional)
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.2 Quality Control Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.3 Manufacturing Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.4 Test Procedures
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.5 Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438MANUFACTURING PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.1 Structural Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.2 Steel Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.3 Structural Shape
29、and Plate Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.4 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458.5 Cathodic Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478.6 Painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 COMMODITY ITEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.1 General . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.2 Pressure Containing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.3 Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . 509.4 Mechanical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.5 Fluids and Lubricants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51vPage10 TESTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5110.1 Qualification Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5110.2 Factory Acceptance Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . 5311 MARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5311.1 Temporary Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5311.2 Permanent Marking . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5311.3 Traceability Marking Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5311.4 Manufacturers Identification Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . 5411.5 Equipment Name Plate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5411.6 Other Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5412 STORING AND SHIPPING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5412.1 Protection and Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5412.2 Packing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 5412.3 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5412.4 Installation, Operation and Maintenance Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57ANNEX B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59ANNEX C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65ANNEX D API MONO
40、GRAM SYSTEMS AND MARKING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Tables1 Ambient Temperature Classification Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Calculation Method Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10B-1 Control Operating and Interface Requirements Subsea BOP Stack . . . . . . . . . . . 59B-2 Subsea Stack Hydraulic Control System Control Function List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60B-3 Subsea Stack Hydraulic Control System Control Readback Function
42、List. . . . . . 62B-4 Subsea Diverter Hydraulic Control System Control Function List . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Specification for Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment and Control Systems for Diverter Equipment1 Scope1.1 GENERALThese specifications establish design standards for system
43、s, that are used to control blowout preventers (BOPs) and associatedvalves that control well pressure during drilling operations. The design standards applicable to subsystems and components do notinclude material selection and manufacturing process details but may serve as an aid to purchasing. Alt
44、hough diverters are notconsidered well control devices, their controls are often incorporated as part of the BOP control system. Thus, control systems fordiverter equipment are included herein. Control systems for drilling well control equipment typically employ stored energy in theform of pressuriz
45、ed hydraulic fluid (power fluid) to operate (open and close) the BOP stack components. Each operation of a BOPor other well component is referred to as a control function. The control system equipment and circuitry vary generally in accor-dance with the application and environment. The specification
46、s provided herein describe the following control system categories:a.Control systems for surface mounted BOP stacks.These systems are typically simple return-to-reservoir hydraulic control systemsconsisting of a reservoir for storing hydraulic fluid, pump equipment for pressurizing the hydraulic flu
47、id, accumulator banks forstoring power fluid and manifolding, piping and control valves for transmission of control fluid to the BOP stack functions.b.Control systems for subsea BOP stacks (common elements).Remote control of a seafloor BOP stack requires specializedequipment. Some of the control sys
48、tem elements are common to virtually all subsea control systems, regardless of the meansused for function signal transmission.c. Discrete hydraulic control systems for subsea BOP stacks. In addition to the equipment required for surface-mounted BOP stacks,discrete hydraulic subsea control systems us
49、e umbilical hose bundles for transmission of hydraulic pilot signals subsea. Also usedare dual subsea control pods mounted on the LMRP (lower marine riser package), and housing pilot operated control valves fordirecting power fluid to the BOP stack functions. Spent water-based hydraulic fluid is usually vented subsea. Hose reels are usedfor storage and deployment of the umbilical hose bundles. The use of dual subsea pods and umbilicals affords backup security.d.Electro-hydraulic/multiplex control systems for subsea BOP stacks. For deepwater operations, transmission subsea of electric/optic
