1、2014年 3月上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案与解析 Part A Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER B
2、OOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. 0 My topic today is how to address the problem of hunger and starvation which still exists in many parts of the world 【 C1】 _starts with peoples own productivity. A dangerous and patronizing cliche we often hear is, “Give a man a fish and feed hi
3、m for a day; teach a man to fish and【 C2】 _. “ People living with chronic hunger have generations of wisdom about “fishing“, the problem is【 C3】 _. The Hunger Project, announced recently 【 C4】 _, cuts through the barbed wire, addressing the underlying social conditions that【 C5】 _the opportunity the
4、y need to end their own hunger. When we invest in The Hunger Project, we【 C6】 _ and giving people a chance to translate their hard work into improved well-being. We are ensuring that people get the opportunities which【 C7】 _. Too often, hungry people are isolated, 【 C8】 _. Mobilizing communities and
5、 building local organizations is critically important both to【 C9】 _, and to get more out of our precious resources and efforts. When people【 C10】 _, a kind of social capital is created, that can compensate for【 C11】 _in rural areas. In Africa, 【 C12】 _of The Hunger Projects work is to organize vill
6、ages to work cooperatively【 C13】 _to produce food for food banks. This fosters【 C14】_for a better future for all. Another example is in【 C15】 _, such as India and Bangladesh, where Hunger Project volunteer animators have catalyzed the creation of【 C16】 _throughout the country, with nearly 50% run by
7、 women. These local groups【 C17】 _and invest in individual and collective income-generating enterprises, including sewing, tailoring and weaving projects; 【 C18】 _; fish and poultry farming; bee-keeping; and plant nurseries. The impact of these enterprises is enormous. As women have【 C19】 _, their d
8、ecision-making roles have increased. As 【 C20】 _, parents are sending more children, both girls and boys, to school. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 P
9、art B Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question yo
10、u have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. （ A） A linguistics undergraduate. （ B） The secretary in the deans office. （ C） Professor Whites graduate student. （ D） A teaching assistant in the department. （ A） Attending a conferenc
11、e held in Europe. （ B） Applying for a research grant. （ C） Trying to get into graduate school. （ D） Presenting a project in class. （ A） The dean （ B） The supervisor. （ C） Professor White. （ D） A panel of professors. （ A） Travel expenses to attend a conference. （ B） Supplies or research equipment. （
12、C） Expenses for reviewing the applications. （ D） Resources needed for research. （ A） A published linguistics essay. （ B） An estimated budget. （ C） Approval from the dean. （ D） Permission from the department. （ A） It will be about 6% less than that of 2013. （ B） It will be 155 billion euros in total.
13、 （ C） It will be 5 billion short of what the Commission sought. （ D） It will be negotiated by the EU ministers again next week. （ A） European Union lacked a deal on Irans nuclear program. （ B） John Kerrys remarks undermined confidence in the negotiations. （ C） Splits between Western powers prevented
14、 a breakthrough. （ D） France tried to upstage the other powers and caused trouble. （ A） To measure the size of the gap left between the iceberg and the glacier. （ B） To predict how high the temperatures could rise in July in Antarctica. （ C） To fund a scientific project that will last for at least t
15、welve months. （ D） To track a vast iceberg that might block international shipping lanes. （ A） 1774. （ B） 2487. （ C） Around 8000. （ D） No less than 10,000. （ A） Francis Bacon （ B） Edward Munch. （ C） Rothko. （ D） Andy Warhol. （ A） Justice done in time. （ B） Murder cases in the US. （ C） Capital punish
16、ment. （ D） Violent crime. （ A） Zero point five. （ B） One point one. （ C） Five. （ D） Nine. （ A） A law professor. （ B） A lawyer. （ C） A legal advisor. （ D） A high court judge. （ A） Its above our emotional response to crime. （ B） Its arbitrary and not fair. （ C） Its everyones normal reaction. （ D） Its
17、the form of retribution in law. （ A） 67% of Americans favor the death penalty in cases of murder. （ B） There are about five thousand executions a year in the US. （ C） The interviewer favors the death penalty herself. （ D） Mr. Brown wont be interviewed again on these issues. （ A） A sports reporter. （
18、 B） An Olympic Games player. （ C） A school director. （ D） A marathon runner. （ A） Entering for an athletics event. （ B） Coaching an amateur athlete. （ C） Practicing sports medicine. （ D） Helping a relative to get over his injury. （ A） The requirements of a student. （ B） The qualifications of a coach
19、. （ C） The length of ones training. （ D） The importance of ones build. （ A） Lowering ones heart rate. （ B） Having keen eyesight. （ C） Holding ones breath for a few seconds. （ D） Shutting one eye if necessary. （ A） Optimum physique. （ B） State-of-the-art equipment. （ C） The importance of attitude. （
20、D） Very serious training. 一、 SECTION 2 READING TEST Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A, B, C or D, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what
21、is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 40 What makes an artist great? Brilliant composition, no doubt. Superb draughtsmanship, certainly. Originality of subject or of concept, sometimes. But surely t
22、rue greatness means that the creator of a painting has brought a certain je ne sais quoi to the work as well. There is, however, a type of person who seems to sait perfectly well what that quoi is, and can turn it out on demand. In 1945, for example, a Dutchman named Han van Meegeren faced execution
23、 for selling a national art treasure, in the form of a painting by Vermeer, to Hermann Goring, Hitlers deputy. His defence was that it was a forgery he had painted himself. When asked to prove it by copying a Vermeer he scorned the offer. Instead he turned out a completely new painting, “Jesus Among
24、 the Doctors“, in the style of the master, before the eyes of his incredulous inquisitors. Goring, who was facing a little local difficulty at the time, did not sue van Meegeren. But that has not been the experience of Glafira Rosales, an art dealer in New York who admitted this week that she has, o
25、ver the past 15 years, fooled two local commercial art galleries into buying 63 forged works of art for more than $ 30m. She is being forced to give the money back, and is still awaiting sentence. Ms Rosales is guilty of passing goods off as something they are not, and should take the rap for the fr
26、aud. But although art forgers do a certain amount of economic damage, they also provide public entertainment by exposing the real values that lie at the heart of the art market. That art market pretends that great artists are inimitable, and that this inimitability justifies the often absurd prices
27、their work commands. Most famous artists are good: that is not in question. But as forgers like van Meegeren and Pei-Shen Qian, the painter who turned out Ms Rosaless Rothkos and Pollocks, show, they are very imitable indeed. If they were not, the distinction between original and knock-off would alw
28、ays be obvious. As Ms Rosaless customers have found, no doubt to their chagrin, it isnt. If the purchasers of great art were buying paintings only for their beauty, they would be content to display fine fakes on their walls. The fury and embarrassment caused by the exposure of a forger suggests this
29、 is not so. Expensive pictures are primarily what economists call positional goodsthings that are valuable largely because other people cant have them. The painting on the wall, or the sculpture in the garden, is intended to say as much about its owners bank balance as about his taste. With most kit
30、 a higher price reduces demand. But art, sports cars and fine wine invert the laws of economics. When the good that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has forked out a bundle, price spikes cause demand to boom. All this makes the scarcity and authenticity that underpin lofty valuat
31、ions vital. Artists forget this at their peril: Damien Hirsts spot pictures, for instance, plummeted in value when it became clear that they had been produced in quantities so vast nobody knew quite how many were out there, and when the market lost faith in a mass-production process whose connection
32、 with the original artist was, to say the least, tenuous. Ms Rosaless career is thus a searing social commentary on a business which purports to celebrate humanity s highest culture but in which names are more important than aesthetics and experts cannot tell the difference between an original and a
33、 fake. Unusual, authentic, full of meaningher life itself is surely art, even if the paintings were not. 41 The author introduced the Dutchman Han van Meegeren_. （ A） to tell us how he treated Hitlers deputy Hermann Goring （ B） to show that art forgers themselves can be most successful artists （ C）
34、to reveal how he defended himself before those inquisitors （ D） to provide a contrast to Rosales in their career of forgery 42 According to the passage, the New York art dealer Glafira Rosales_. （ A） has the same fate as the Dutchman Han van Meegeren （ B） has made a lot of money from her forged work
35、s of art （ C） admitted her forgery and was forgiven by the art galleries （ D） has to return the money and is awaiting sentence for her forgery 43 In the sentence “Ms Rosalesshould take the rap for the fraud, “(para. 3), the expression “take the rap“ can best be paraphrased as_. （ A） take the consequ
36、ences and receive punishment （ B） feel guilty of her forgery over the past 15 years （ C） apologize for fooling the general public （ D） give the money back to the commercial art galleries 44 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence “it isnt“ in paragraph 4? （ A） The difference between van
37、 Meegeren and Pei-Shen Qian is not outstanding. （ B） The distinction between Rothkos and Pollocks is not great （ C） The distinction between an original and forgery is not always apparent. （ D） The difference between Ms Rosales and van Meegeren is not large enough. 45 Which of the following is true a
38、ccording to the passage? （ A） Art, sports cars and fine wine inevitably follow the laws of economics. （ B） Ms Rosaless career is a sharp exposure of the unhealthy side of art market. （ C） Damien Hirsts spot pictures are a convincing example of the laws of economics. （ D） Ms Rosaless career proves th
39、at aesthetics is more important than names. 45 In 1965, Americas big companies had a hell of a year. The stock market was booming. Sales were rising briskly, profit margins were fat, and corporate profits as a percentage of GDP were at an all-time high. Almost half a century later, some things look
40、much the same: big American companies have had a hell of a year, with the stock market soaring, margins strong, and profits hitting a new all-time high. But theres one very noticeable difference. In 1965, CEOs at big companies earned on average about 20 times as much as their typical employee. These
41、 days, CEOs earn about 270 times as much. That huge gap between the top and the middle is the result of a boom in executive compensation, which rose 876 per cent between 1978 and 2011. In response, weve had a host of regulatory reforms designed to curb executive pay. The latest of these is a rule, u
42、nveiled by the SEC last month, requiring companies to disclose the ratio of the CEOs pay to that of the median worker. The idea is that, once the disparity is made public, companies will be less likely to award outsized pay packages. Faith in disclosure has been crucial to the regulation of executiv
43、e pay since the 1930s. More recently, rules have made companies detail the size and the structure of compensation packages and have enforced transparency about the kinds of comparisons they rely on to determine salaries. The result is that shareholders today know far more about CEO compensation than
44、 ever before. Theres only one problem: even as companies are disclosing more and more, executive pay keeps going up and up. This isn t a coincidence: the drive for transparency has actually helped fuel the spiralling salaries. For one thing, it gives executives a good idea of how much they can get a
45、way with asking for. A more crucial reason, though, has to do with the way boards of directors set salaries. As Charles Elson and Craig Ferrere write, boards at most companies use what s called “ peer benchmarking. “ They look at the CEO salaries at peer-group firms, and then peg their CEOs pay to t
46、he 50th, 75th, or 90th percentile of the peer groupnever lower. This leads to the so-called Lake Wobegon effect: every CEO gets treated as above average. “Relying on peer-group comparisons, the way boards do, mathematically guarantees that pay is going to go up,“ Elson told me. On top of this, peer-
47、group comparisons aren t always honest: boards can be too cozy with CEOs and may tweak the comparisons to justify overpaying. A recent study shows that boards tend to include as peers companies that are bigger than they are and that pay CEOs more. The system is skewed by so-called “leapfroggers,“ th
48、e few CEOs in a given year who, whether by innate brilliance or by dumb luck, end up earning astronomical salaries. Those big paydays reset the baseline expectations for everyone else. This isnt just an American problem. Nor is it primarily a case of boards being helplessly in thrall to a company s
49、executives. Boards are far more independent of management than they used to be, and its notable that a CEO hired from outside a companytypically gets 20 to 25 per cent more than an inside candidate. The real issues are subtler, though no less insidious. Some boards remain convinced of what Elson calls “superstar theory“: they think that CEOs can work their magic anywhere, and must be overpaid to stay. In addition, Elson said, “i
