1、2014年专业英语八级真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Reduce Stress Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have
3、 to live with it. I. Definition of stress A.【 B1】 _ reaction【 B1】 _ i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reaction i.e. response to【 B2】 _ on someone【 B2】 _ e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate,【 B3】 _,【 B3】 _ or muscle tension II.【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ A. positive stress where it occurs
4、: Christmas, wedding,【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ B. negative stress where it occurs: test-taking situations, friends death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals -monitor for【 B6】 _ of stress【 B6】 _ -find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand -effect of【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ C. plan
5、ning and acting appropriately - reason for planning -【 B8】 _ of planning【 B8】 _ D. learning to【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ -e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities -manageable task -【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Dir
6、ections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 1
7、1 What is the main purpose of Angelinas visit to Iraq? （ A） To draw attention to the refugee crisis. （ B） To look after refugees in Iraq. （ C） To work for U.N.H.C.R. （ D） To work out a plan for refugees. 12 From the interview we know that Angelina _. （ A） was strongly opposed to officials opinions （
8、 B） thought young kids should be given priority （ C） was much worried about the lack of action （ D） proposed that policies be made promptly 13 Which of the following BEST explains what the global community should do? （ A） To supervise the construction of schools. （ B） To take prompt and effective ac
9、tions. （ C） To provide water and power supply. （ D） To prevent instability and aggression. 14 According to Angelina, what is the key issue in solving the refugee problem? （ A） The current situation in Iraq. （ B） The politics in the Middle East. （ C） Refugees returning to normal life. （ D） Internatio
10、nal and domestic efforts. 15 Angelina saw her trip to Iraq significant because she could_. （ A） help others know where the problems were （ B） help bring NGOs back to the region （ C） talk to different people there （ D） read the official papers SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you
11、will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Alitalias attempt to help Wind Jet out. （ B） Cancellation of flights at Rome
12、 Airport. （ C） Problems caused by Wind Jets cash shortage. （ D） Expected changes of Wind Jets flight destinations. 17 What did the researchers discover in northern Kenya? （ A） A human tooth. （ B） A human skull. （ C） Three species of humans. （ D） Three human fossils. 18 What was the significance of t
13、he discovery? （ A） The findings were published in Nature. （ B） It supported an existing assumption. （ C） Most research questions were answered. （ D） More research efforts were encouraged. 19 The airport originally decided to cover up the poster because _. （ A） some international travellers complaine
14、d （ B） the art exhibition was to be postponed （ C） other artists works were absent from ads （ D） real-life models would appear on the scene 20 What was the reaction of the National Galleries of Scotland? （ A） Horrified. （ B） Indignant. （ C） Surprised. （ D） Outraged. 20 My class at Harvard Business S
15、chool helps students understand what good management theory is and how it is built. In each session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them to explain how the company got into its situation and to examine what actions will yield the needed results. On the last da
16、y of class, I ask my students to turn those theoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to two questions: First, How can I be sure Ill be happy in my career? Second, How can I be sure my relationships with my spouse and my family will become an enduring source of happiness? Here are some manage
17、ment tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1 USE YOUR RESOURCES WISELY. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your lifes strategy. I have a bunch of “businesses“ that compete for these resources: Im trying to have a rewarding relationship w
18、ith my wife, raise great kids, contribute to my community, succeed in my career, and contribute to my church. And I have exactly the same problem that a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time, energy, and talent. How much do I devote to each of these pursuits? Allocation choices can make
19、your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. Sometimes thats good: Opportunities that you never planned for emerge. But if you dont invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappi-ness, I cant help
20、 believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, theyll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the
21、 most concrete evidence that were moving forward. You ship a product, finish a design, complete a presentation, close a sale, teach a class, publish a paper, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesnt offer that
22、 same immediate sense of achievement. Kids misbehave every day. Its really not until 20 years down the road that you can say, “I raised a good son or a good daughter.“ You can neglect your relationship with your spouse, and on a daily basis it doesnt seem as if things are deteriorating. People who a
23、re driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to underinvest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over youll f
24、ind this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, youll see the same stunning and sobering pattern: people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2 CREATE A FAMILY CULTURE
25、. Its one thing to see into the foggy future with acuity and chart the course corrections a company must take. But its quite another to persuade employees to line up and work cooperatively to take the company in that new direction. When there is little agreement, you have to use “power tools“ coerci
26、on, threats, punishment, and so on, to secure cooperation. But if employees ways of working together succeed over and over, consensus begins to form. Ultimately, people dont even think about whether their way yields success. They embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption ra
27、ther than by explicit decision, which means that theyve created a culture. Culture, in compelling but unspoken ways, dictates the proven, acceptable methods by which members of a group address recurrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powe
28、rful management tool. I use this model to address the question, How can I be sure my family becomes an enduring source of happiness? My students quickly see that the simplest way parents can elicit cooperation from children is to wield power tools. But there comes a point during the teen years when
29、power tools no longer work. At that point, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, jus
30、t as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, those qualities wont magically materialize in high school. You have to design them into your familys culture, and you have to think about
31、 this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works. 21 According to the author, the key to successful allocation of resources in your life depends on whether you_. （ A） can manage your time well （ B） have long-term planning （ C） are
32、lucky enough to have new opportunities （ D） can solve both company and family problems 22 What is the role of the statement “Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that were moving forward.“ with reference to the previous statement in the paragraph? （ A） To offer further explanation. （ B） To
33、 provide a definition. （ C） To present a contrast. （ D） To illustrate career development. 23 According to the author, a common cause of failure in business and family relationships is _. （ A） lack of planning （ B） short-sightedness （ C） shortage of resources （ D） decision by instinct 24 According to
34、 the author, when does culture begin to emerge? （ A） When people decide what and how to do by instinct. （ B） When people realize the importance of consensus. （ C） When people as a group decide how to succeed. （ D） When people use “power tools“ to reach agreement. 25 One of the similarities between c
35、ompany culture and family culture is that _. （ A） problem-solving ability is essential （ B） cooperation is the foundation （ C） respect and obedience are key elements （ D） culture needs to be nurtured 25 It was nearly bedtime and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight. Dr. Macphail lit h
36、is pipe and, leaning over the rail, searched the heavens for the South Cross. After two years at the front and a wound that had taken longer to heal than it should, he was glad to settle down quietly at Apia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都 )for twelve months at least, and he felt already better for the journey. Since so
37、me of the passengers were leaving the ship next day they had had a little dance that evening and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of the mechanical piano. But the deck was quiet at last. A little way off he saw his wife in a long chair talking with the Davidsons, and he strolled over to he
38、r. When he sat down under the light and took his hat you saw that he had very red hair, with a bald patch on the crown, and the red, freckled skin which accompanied red hair; he was a man of forty, thin, with a pinched face, precise and rather pedantic; and he spoke with a Scots accent in a very low
39、, quiet voice. Between the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were missionaries, there had arisen the intimacy of shipboard, which is due to proximity rather than to any community of taste. Their chief tie was the disapproval they shared of the men who spent their days and nights in the smoking-room p
40、laying poker or bridge and drinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered to think that she and her husband were the only people on board with whom the Davidsons were willing to associate, and even the doctor, shy but no fool, half unconsciously acknowledged the compliment. It was because he was
41、 of an argumentative mind that in their cabin at night he permitted himself to carp(唠叨 ). Mrs. Davidson was saying she didnt know how theyd have got through the journey if it hadnt been for us, said Mrs. Macphail, as she neatly brushed out her transformation(假发 ). She said we were really the only pe
42、ople on the ship they cared to know. I shouldnt have thought a missionary was such a big bug(要人、名士 )that he could afford to put on frills(摆架子 ). Its not frills. I quite understand what she means. It wouldnt have been very nice for the Davidsons to have to mix with all that rough lot in the smoking-r
43、oom. The founder of their religion wasnt so exclusive, said Dr. Macphail with a chuckle. Ive asked you over and over again not to joke about religion, answered his wife. I shouldnt like to have a nature like yours, Alec. You never look for the best in people. He gave her a sidelong glance with his p
44、ale, blue eyes, but did not reply. After many years of married life he had learned that it was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the last word. He was undressed before she was, and climbing into the upper bunk he settled down to read himself to sleep. When he came on deck next morning t
45、hey were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thin strip of silver beach rising quickly to hills covered to the top with luxuriant vegetation. The coconut trees, thick and green, came nearly to the waters edge, and among them you saw the grass houses of the Samoans(萨摩亚人 );and
46、 here and there, gleaming white, a little church. Mrs. Davidson came and stood beside him. She was dressed in black and wore round her neck a gold chain, from, which dangled a cross. She was a little woman, with brown, dull hair very elaborately arranged, and she had prominent blue eyes behind invis
47、ible pince-nez(夹鼻眼镜 ). Her face was long, like a sheeps, but she gave no impression of foolishness, rather of extreme alertness; she had the quick movements of a bird. The most remarkable thing about her was her voice, high, metallic, and without inflexion; it fell on the ear with a hard monotony, i
48、rritating to the nerves like the pitiless clamor of the pneumatic drill. This must seem like home to you, said Dr. Macphail, with his thin, difficult smile. Ours are low islands, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volcanic. Weve got another ten days journey to reach them. In these parts that
49、s almost like being in the next street at home, said Dr. Macphail facetiously. Well, thats rather an exaggerated way of putting it, but one does look at distances differently in the South Seas. So far you are right Dr. Macphail sighed faintly. 26 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that Dr. Macphail _. （ A） preferred quietness to noise （ B） enjoyed the sound of the mechani
