1、2016年 6月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will, happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
2、. Section A （ A） The project the man managed at Cucin Tech. （ B） The updating of technology at Cucin Tech. （ C） The mans switch to a new career. （ D） The restructuring of her company. （ A） Talented personnel. （ B） Strategic innovation. （ C） Competitive products. （ D） Effective promotion. （ A） Expand
3、 the market. （ B） Recruit more talents. （ C） Innovate constantly. （ D） Watch out for his competitors. （ A） Possible bankruptcy. （ B） Unforeseen difficulties. （ C） Conflicts within the company. （ D） Imitation by ones competitors. （ A） The job of an interpreter. （ B） The stress felt by professionals.
4、（ C） The importance of language proficiency. （ D） The best way to effective communication. （ A） Promising. （ B） Admirable. （ C） Rewarding. （ D） Meaningful. （ A） They all have a strong interest in language. （ B） They all have professional qualifications. （ C） They have all passed language proficiency
5、 tests. （ D） They have all studied cross-cultural differences. （ A） It requires a much larger vocabulary. （ B） It attaches more importance to accuracy. （ C） It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting. （ D） It puts ones long-term memory under more stress. Section B （ A） It might affect mothe
6、rs health. （ B） It might disturb infants sleep. （ C） It might increase the risk of infants death. （ D） It might increase mothers mental distress. （ A） Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep. （ B） Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.
7、 （ C） Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies health. （ D） Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers. （ A） Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies. （ B） Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies. （ C） Sl
8、eep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies. （ D） Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. （ A） A lot of native languages have already died out in the US. （ B） The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages. （ C） The efforts to preserve Indian
9、 languages have proved fruitless. （ D） More money is needed to record the native languages in the US. （ A） To set up more language schools. （ B） To document endangered languages. （ C） To educate native American children. （ D） To revitalise Americas native languages. （ A） The US governments policy of
10、 Americanising Indian children. （ B） The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status. （ C） Thy US governments unwillingness to spend money educating Indians. （ D） The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world. （ A） It is being utilised to teach native languag
11、es. （ B） It tells traditional stories during family time. （ C） It speeds up the extinction of native languages. （ D） It is widely used in language immersion schools. Section C （ A） It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. （ B） It covers their mortgage payments and me
12、dical expenses for 99 weeks. （ C） It pays their living expenses until they find employment again. （ D） It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life. （ A） Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers. （ B） Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers. （ C） Convincin
13、g local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits. （ D） Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance. （ A） To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses. （ B） To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments. （ C） To create more jobs by encouraging private inve
14、stments in local companies. （ D） To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies. （ A） They measured the depths of sea water. （ B） They analyzed the water content. （ C） They explored the ocean floor. （ D） They investigated the ice. （ A） Eighty percent of the ice disappears
15、 in summer time. （ B） Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries. （ C） The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species. （ D） The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought. （ A） Arctic ice is a major source of the worlds fresh water. （ B） The melting Arctic ice has dro
16、wned many coastal cities. （ C） The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible. （ D） Arctic ice is essential to human survival. （ A） It will do a lot of harm to mankind. （ B） There is no easy way to understand it. （ C） It will advance nuclear technology. （ D） There is no easy technological solution to it.
17、 （ A） The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control. （ B） The relation between childrens self-control and their future success. （ C） The health problems of children raised by a single parent. （ D） The deciding factor in childrens academic performance. （ A） Children raised by s
18、ingle parents will have a hard time in their thirties. （ B） Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families. （ C） Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children. （ D） Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children. （ A） Self-control
19、can be improved through education. （ B） Self-control can improve ones financial situation. （ C） Self-control problems may be detected early in children. （ D） Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up. Section A 26 The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear
20、 man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally【 C1】 _: Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save
21、 us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The【 C2】 _of computational power and engineering advances will【 C3】 _enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled,【 C4】 _use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracte
22、d-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are【 C5】 _to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone(遥控飞行器 )operator will【 C6】 _someones privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbors cat. Juries sympatheti
23、c to the【 C7】 _of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing【 C8】 _and damages. What should governments do to protect people while【 C9】 _space for innovation? Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built,【 C10】 _and sold by manufac
24、turers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturers driving record, not the passengers. A)arises I)manifesting B)ascends J)penalties C)bound K)preserv
25、ing D)combination L)programmed E)definite M)proximately F)eventually N)victims G)interfere O)widespread H)invade 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Reform and Medical Costs AAmericans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise
26、in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fixreshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system is likely to be
27、achieved only through trial and error and incremental(渐进的 )gains. BThe good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The N
28、ew England Journal of Medicine concluded,“ Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures. “ CMedical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged
29、for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs. DHere are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and w
30、hy it is hard to know how well they will work. EBoth bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways t
31、o organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $ 100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to
32、lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook(放过 ). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong “pay-go“ rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts. FThe Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税 )on health in
33、surance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice abo
34、ut whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should. GAny doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or pa
35、tients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would s
36、ave hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law. HThe stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help do
37、ctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments. IVirtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effec
38、tiveness is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patients needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot proje
39、cts within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patients needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. F
40、or the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them. JTesting innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and re
41、commend changes in Medicares payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will. KThe bills in both chambers would create health insurance
42、exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentiv
43、e to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers. LThe final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce
44、opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted. MThe presidents stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare ho
45、w well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺 )cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort. NCritics have charge
46、d that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.(That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.)As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rate
47、s in Medicare. OCongress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangero
48、us tests and treatments. PThe House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It
49、does in other countries. QMissing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in “defensive medicine“ by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued. 37 With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from heal
