1、2016年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. （ A） disabled （ B） pupil （ C） teenager （ D） baby 2 The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely
2、cold. （ A） warm （ B） severe （ C） hard （ D） dry 3 The details of the costume were totally authentic. （ A） real （ B） outstanding （ C） creative （ D） false 4 The revelation of his past led to his resignation. （ A） imagination （ B） confirmation （ C） recall （ D） disclosure 5 Jensen is a dangerous man, and
3、 can be very brutal. （ A） careless （ B） cruel （ C） strong （ D） hard 6 Youll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. （ A） jump （ B） escape （ C） run （ D） prepare 7 We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. （ A） changeable （ B） stable （ C） suitable （ D） adaptable 8 The new
4、 garment fits her perfectly. （ A） haircut （ B） purse （ C） clothes （ D） necklace 9 The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. （ A） fear （ B） joy （ C） hurt （ D） memory 10 They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. （ A） decorate （ B） water （ C） change （ D） visit 11 We are aware of the p
5、otential problems. （ A） global （ B） possible （ C） ongoing （ D） central 12 The idea was quite brilliant. （ A） positive （ B） clever （ C） key （ D） original 13 Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. （ A） regulated （ B） increased （ C） fell （ D） maintained 14 The course gives y
6、ou basic instructions in car maintenance. （ A） coaching （ B） idea （ C） term （ D） aspect 15 All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding. （ A） in danger （ B） out of control （ C） between equals （ D） in particular 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提
7、供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Greatest of Victorian Engineers In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The m
8、ost important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunei, whose work in shipping , bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted
9、 in works which are still in use today. The son of an engineer, Brunei apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disa
10、sters when the river broke through into the tunnel. When the second breach(决口 )occurred in 1872, Brunei was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted. While recovering from his injuries, Brunei entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton
11、. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunei s design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbate
12、d(加剧 )by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunei s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Toda
13、y, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year. 16 Brunei was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revo
14、lution. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Brunei was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Brunei worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Bru
15、neis work was largely ignored by his colleagues. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Some projects Brunei contributed to are still in use today. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Brunei became an apprentice with his father when he was very young. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment
16、ioned 22 The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的 短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Geothermal(地热 )Ener
17、gy 1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆 ). The magma ascends in its turn
18、 towards the earth s surface. It often remains well below the earth s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth s surface where it will appear as a hot spri
19、ng. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的 )rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used
20、to produce electricity in geothermal power plants. 2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine(涡轮 )generator. The first geothermal power plant, constru
21、cted at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash“ steam plants or binary(双重的 )plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahrenheit. This water is pas
22、sed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “flashes“ or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into
23、 the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam,but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is
24、used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plants, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir. A Dry steam plants B Binary plants C Origin of geothermal energy D Generation of electricity E Flash steam plants F Recyclable water and steam 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragr
25、aph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A the energy to turn a turbine B impermeable rock C one or two separators D turbine operator E little or no water F hot springs 27 A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under_. 28 A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with_. 29 Flash plants produce hot w
26、ater through_. 30 In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-Destruct Scientists have long understood that supermassive(超大质量的 )black holes weighing millions or bi
27、llions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole s gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the st
28、ar. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台 )in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunat
29、e stars life,as it veered(改变方向 )towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake(薄饼 )shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear
30、reactions, that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even whe
31、n their effects are included,the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star it will be completely destroyed,“ Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates(使消失 )the star, it saves some of the star s matter from being devoured(吞没 )by the black hole. The explosio
32、n is powerful enough to hurl much of the star s matter out of the black hole s reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart,its matter starts swirling(旋
33、转 )into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “ It m
34、ay make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,“ he says. 31 Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） The black hole could tear apart
35、 the star. （ B） The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star. （ C） The black hole could dwindle its size considerably. （ D） The black hole could devour the star. 32 According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of_. （ A） whether nuclear reactio
36、n would occur （ B） whether the stars would increase its density and temperature （ C） whether shock waves would occur （ D） whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars 33 According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside th
37、e star. （ B） The star would be destroyed completely. （ C） Much of the star s matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole s reach. （ D） The black hole would completely devour the star. 34 What will happen several months after the explosion of the star? （ A） The star s matter will mo
38、ve further away from by the black hole. （ B） The black hole s matter will heat up. （ C） The torn star s matter will swirl into the black hole. （ D） The black hole s matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays. 35 According to the context,the word “disruption“ in Paragraph 6 means_ （ A） Confusio
39、n （ B） Tearing apart （ C） Interruption （ D） Flattening 35 Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化 ) The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原 )of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word “sahel“ comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a g
40、ood description of these semi-arid(半干旱 )lands,which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mail, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad. Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands. United Nations surveys show that over 7
41、0 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert
42、advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa. One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing keeping too many farm animals on the land means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water
43、 supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation trying to grow too many crops on poor land results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion(侵蚀 )follows, and the land turns into desert. Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut do
44、wn for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and
45、eventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust. The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterio
46、ration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in southwest Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的 )agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in o
47、ther West African countries. 36 The Sahel zone is an area which_. （ A） is covered with sand and grass （ B） has a long history （ C） occupies much of South Nigeria （ D） belongs to Sudan 37 What is the situation about the desertification in Africa? （ A） The deserts are replaced with grasslands. （ B） Th
48、e deserts are expanding. （ C） The deserts are moving northwards. （ D） The deserts are being deserted. 38 The word “deteriorated“ in Paragraph 2 means_. （ A） deepened （ B） suffered （ C） slipped （ D） worsened 39 What is the root cause of desertification? （ A） Poor fanning. （ B） Overpopulation. （ C） Ra
49、dical climate change. （ D） Disappearance of rare plant species. 40 In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes_. （ A） making good use of international aids （ B） developing a sustainable agricultural economy （ C） gaining international support （ D） converting agricultural land into forest 40 Older Volcanic Eruptions Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger,but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳 )they rel
