1、2016年职称英语（理工类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The revelation of his past led to his resignation. （ A） imagination （ B） confirmation （ C） recall （ D） disclosure 2 Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal. （ A） careless （ B） crue
2、l （ C） strong （ D） hard 3 Youll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. （ A） jump （ B） escape （ C） run （ D） prepare 4 We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. （ A） changeable （ B） stable （ C） suitable （ D） adaptable 5 The new garment fits her perfectly. （ A） haircut （
3、B） purse （ C） clothes （ D） necklace 6 The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. （ A） fear （ B） joy （ C） hurt （ D） memory 7 They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. （ A） decorate （ B） water （ C） change （ D） visit 8 Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. （ A） di
4、sabled （ B） pupil （ C） teenager （ D） baby 9 The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. （ A） warm （ B） severe （ C） hard （ D） dry 10 The details of the costume were totally authentic. （ A） real （ B） outstanding （ C） creative （ D） false 11 We are aware of the p
5、otential problems. （ A） global （ B） possible （ C） ongoing （ D） central 12 The idea was quite brilliant. （ A） positive （ B） clever （ C） key （ D） original 13 Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. （ A） regulated （ B） increased （ C） fell （ D） maintained 14 The course gives y
6、ou basic instructions in car maintenance. （ A） coaching （ B） idea （ C） term （ D） aspect 15 All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding, （ A） in danger （ B） out of control （ C） between equals （ D） in particular 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提
7、供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Theory of Everything If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a
8、gradual disintegration(分解 )of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years. Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He can not taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Pro
9、fessor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669. Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book,
10、A Brief History of Time has sold over eight million copies. He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect pos
11、ition to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is; Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it? Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the un
12、iverse holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes“in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within t
13、he next 20 years. If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live. 16 Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
14、 Not mentioned 17 Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand. （ A）
15、 Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn t have to do any other work. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of “black holes“. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The
16、 Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in our universe must follow. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Geothermal(地热 )Energy 1 Since heat nat
17、urally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆 ). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth
18、s surface. It often remains well below the earth s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if thi
19、s ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的 )rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electric
20、ity in geothermal power plants. 2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine(涡轮 )generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello
21、in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash“ steam plants or binary(双重的 )plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahren-heit. This water is passed through one or
22、 two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “flashes“ or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to main
23、tain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam,but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the
24、turbines. As in the flash steam plants, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir. A Dry steam plants B Binary plants C Origin of geothermal energy D Generation of electricity E Flash steam plants F Recyclable water and steam 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragrap
25、h 4_ 26 A the energy to turn a turbine B impermeable rock C one or two separators D turbine operator E little or no water F hot springs 27 A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under_. 28 A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with_. 29 Flash plants produce hot water through_. 30
26、In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Smart Windows Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. Howe
27、ver, windows are not something people typically associr ate with an advanced technology. Reseachers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily. “ It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Clae
28、s Granqvist. He s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “ It s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. “ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they re stuck ind
29、oors Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter, cold air leaks in. When it s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air condition
30、-ers. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的 ), actually sucks up e-normous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coa
31、ting, glazing(用玻璃覆盖 ),and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic(发色的 )technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic(电致色的 )windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers o
32、f chemical compound such as tungsten oxide(氧化钨 )works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxides is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压 )is decreased, the window darkens until it s completely dark after all electricity is ta
33、ken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory“. All it takes is a small change of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transition
34、s take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In the future,“ Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different. “ 31 Which of the following values of w
35、indows is NOT mentioned? （ A） They let light in to brighten the house. （ B） They let light in to heat the house. （ C） They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world. （ D） They let us think about the outside world. 32 The expression “when it comes to“ in Paragraph 3 is used to_. （ A） sign
36、al the arrival of a guest （ B） indicate the recovery of consciousness （ C） show our understanding of something （ D） introduce a new aspect of a topic 33 According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that_. （ A） are coated （ B） are glazed （ C） have several layers （ D） can change color 34 Wh
37、ich paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows chan ge color? （ A） Paragraph 5 （ B） Paragraph 3 （ C） Paragraph 4 （ D） Paragraph 6 35 A smart window is smart mainly because_. （ A） it can change its size （ B） it can change its structure （ C） it can change the voltage of electricity （
38、 D） it has a sort of memory 35 Sports Star Yao Ming If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association(NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Gam
39、es. But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气 ). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能 ),but also for being a symbol of international commerce. Wh
40、en Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选拔 ), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人 )for opponents on either end o
41、f the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(
42、骨折 )in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动 )spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and thou
43、gh the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery
44、process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM s benefits, although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair. “There is no reason to dismiss TCM,“ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It s been
45、 used in our country for thousands of years. I don t think that it s short on science. “ 36 The word “towering“ in Paragraph 1 means_. （ A） large （ B） fat （ C） tall （ D） great 37 Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_. （ A） assault （ B） mobility （ C） defense （ D） celebr
46、ity 38 Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_. （ A） he wanted to make a more rapid recovery （ B） his right foot had been hurting （ C） the surgical operation had been a failure （ D） he couldn t afford all the medical expenses 39 Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true? （ A） He
47、 is an NBA player. （ B） He fractured his left foot. （ C） He missed the Athens Olympics. （ D） He is an international figure. 40 In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_. （ A） indifferent （ B） positive （ C） doubtful （ D） negative 40 Can You Hear This? When something creates a sound wav
48、e in a room or an auditorium(礼堂 ), listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射的 )sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming
49、 from the source. The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room(including the people)absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time, because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talk
