1、2016年职称英语（综合类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. （ A） fear （ B） joy （ C） hurt （ D） memory 2 They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. （ A） decorate （ B） water （ C） change （ D） vis
2、it 3 Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. （ A） disabled （ B） pupil （ C） teenager （ D） baby 4 The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. （ A） warm （ B） severe （ C） hard （ D） dry 5 The details of the costume were totally authentic. （ A）
3、real （ B） outstanding （ C） creative （ D） false 6 We are aware of the potential problems. （ A） global （ B） possible （ C） ongoing （ D） central 7 The idea was quite brilliant. （ A） positive （ B） clever （ C） key （ D） original 8 Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. （ A） regu
4、lated （ B） increased （ C） fell （ D） maintained 9 The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance. （ A） coaching （ B） idea （ C） term （ D） aspect 10 All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding. （ A） in danger （ B） out of control （ C） between equals （ D） in particular 11
5、 The revelation of his past led to his resignation. （ A） imagination （ B） confirmation （ C） recall （ D） disclosure 12 Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal. （ A） careless （ B） cruel （ C） strong （ D） hard 13 Youll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. （ A） jump （ B） escape （ C） r
6、un （ D） prepare 14 We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. （ A） changeable （ B） stable （ C） suitable （ D） adaptable 15 The new garment fits her perfectly. （ A） haircut （ B） purse （ C） clothes （ D） necklace 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提
7、供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Time to Stop Traveling by Air Twenty-five years ago a young British man called Mark Ellingham decided that he wanted a change of scenery. So he went to Australia, stopping off in many countries in between. He also decided to write about the ex
8、perience and produced a guide for other travelers making similar journeys. In 1970,British airports were used by 32 million people. In 2004,the figure was 216 million. In 2030,according to government forecasts, it will be around 500 million. It s a growth driven by the emergence of low cost airlines
9、, offering access to all parts of the world for less than 100. This has made a huge contribution to global warming. One return flight from Britain to the US produces the same carbon dioxide(二氧化碳 )as a year s motoring(驾车 ). A return flight to Australia equals the emissions(排放 )of three average cars f
10、or a year. And the pollution is released at a height where its effect on climate change is more than double that on the ground. Mark Ellingham built his business on helping people travel. Now he wants to help people stop at least by air. He is calling for a 100 green tax on all flights to Europe and
11、 Africa, and 250 on flights to the rest of the world. He also wants investment to create a low-carbon economy, as well as a halt to airport expansion. Mark Ellinghams commitment is important because his readers aren t just the sort of young and adventurous people who would happily jump on a plane to
12、 spend a weekend exploring a foreign culture. They are also the sort of people who say they care about the environment. It s a debate that splits people down the middle. The tourist industry has responded by offering offsetting(补偿 )schemes. A small increase in the price of a ticket is used to plant
13、trees. But critics say that it is not enough to just be carbon neutral. We should be actively cutting back on putting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. And for the average person, making a plane journey will be his or her largest contribution to global warming. It may be good to repair the damag
14、e we do. But surely it is better not to do the damage in the first place. 16 Mark Ellingham spent quite a few days in China on his way to Australia 25 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Traveling from Britain to any other part of the world may cost you less than 100. （ A） Right （
15、 B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A round trip flight from Britain to Australia produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as three average cars do in a year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Mark Ellingham has never hesitated to encourage people to travel by air. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
16、 Not mentioned 20 Mark Ellingham s readers are not interested in environmental protection. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Critics argue that the best way to protect our environment is not to do any damage to it. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Mark Ellingham will collaborate
17、 with the critics in his efforts to fight global warming. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Tunguska Event 1 A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosi
18、on ripped(撕裂 )open the dawn sky above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day. 2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometer
19、s. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery. 3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for million
20、s of years, was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a. m. on June 30,1908. This possibility worries scientists. “Imagine an unspotted asteroid(小行星 )hitting a significant chunk(块 )of land. . . and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated, “ the British science journal Nature comme
21、nted recently. 4 But no fragments of the “rock“ have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects(NEOs),say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tung
22、uska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect(使偏转 )it or blow it up in space. 5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany s Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 mil
23、lion tons of methane(甲烷 )-rich gas from deep within earth s crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe. A Competing Explanations B Unknown Attacks C Mysterious Explosion D Star War E Importance of Finding Evidence F Explanation
24、That Worries Scientists 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A has remained a puzzle B lacks sufficient evidence C is a university professor D was generated by the explosion E will kill many animals F are attacked by aliens 27 The gigantic explosion that occurred a hund
25、red years ago_. 28 The shock wave which followed the dazzling light_. 29 The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth_. 30 Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory, _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sports Star
26、 Yao Ming If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2. 26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association(NBA)and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games. But what really stands out about the
27、giant center is his celebrity(名气 ). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能 ),but also for being a symbol of international commerce. When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the
28、No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选拔 ), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人 )for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluabl
29、e to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折 )in his left foot, a collective shudde
30、r(震动 )spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery peri
31、od will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally sk
32、eptical of TCM s benefits, although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair. “ There is no reason to dismiss TCM,“ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “ It s been used in our country for thousands of y
33、ears. I don t think that it s short on science. “ 31 The word “towering“ in Paragraph 1 means_. （ A） large （ B） fat （ C） tall （ D） great 32 Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_. （ A） assault （ B） mobility （ C） defense （ D） celebrity 33 Yao Ming had to undergo a series
34、 of TCM treatments because_. （ A） he wanted to make a more rapid recovery （ B） his right foot had been hurting （ C） the surgical operation had been a failure （ D） he couldn t afford all the medical expenses 34 Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true? （ A） He is an NBA player. （ B） He fractured hi
35、s left foot. （ C） He missed the Athens Olympics. （ D） He is an international figure. 35 In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_. （ A） indifferent （ B） positive （ C） doubtful （ D） negative 35 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements Two scientists who have won praise for re
36、search into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born US citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors
37、 for their enzyme(酶 |)research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Among the pair s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors As usual, the ti
38、ght-lipped award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite(炸药 ),established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine,physics,chemistry,lit
39、erature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners,but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the
40、medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(瑞典克朗 )(US $ 1.3 million)prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “ Individual researchers probably don t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they re at work,
41、 “Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions. “ In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research wi
42、th Jack Szos-tak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase(端粒酶 )to sustain(维持 )their uncontrolled growth. 36 Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine? （ A） Elizabeth Blackburn. （ B） Carol Greider. （ C） Hans Jornvall. （
43、 D） Pierre Chambon. 37 Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel? （ A） He was from Sweden. （ B） He invented dynamite. （ C） He established the Nobel Prizes in his will. （ D） He left clear instructions on how to select winners. 38 Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT include_. （ A） the medicine prize （ B） the
44、literature prize （ C） the peace prize （ D） the economics prize 39 The word “kicks“ in Paragraph 8 probably means_. （ A） enjoyment （ B） money （ C） respect （ D） knowledge 40 Telomerase may play a key role in_. （ A） the unchecked growth of cancer cells （ B） the killing of cancer cells （ C） the division
45、 of normal cells （ D） the transmission of viruses 40 Ethnic Tensions in Belgium Belgium has given the world Audrey Hepburn, Rene Magritte(surrealist artist), the saxophone(萨克斯管 )and deep-fried potato chips that are somehow called French. But the story behind this flat, twice-Beijing-size country is
46、of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other. With no new government, more than a hundred days after a general election, rumors run wild that the country is about to disappear. “We are two different nations,an artificial state. With nothing in common excep
47、t a king, chocolate and beer“ , said Filip Dewinter, the leader of the Flemish Bloc, the extreme-right Flemish party. Radical Flemish separatists like Mr. Dewinter want to divide the country horizontally along ethnic and economic lines: to the north, Flanders where Dutch(known locally as Flemish)is
48、spoken and money is increasingly made;to the south, French-speaking Wallonia, where today old factories dominate the landscape. The area of present-day Belgium passed to the French in the 18th century. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815,Belgium was given to the kingdom of the Netherlands, from
49、 which it gained independence as a separate kingdom in 1830. Since then, it has struggled for cohesion(结合 ). Anyone who has spoken French in a Flemish city quickly gets a sense of the mutual hostility that is part of daily life there. But there are reasons Belgium is likely to stay together, at least in the short term. The economies of the two regions are tightly linked, and separation would be a financial nightmare. But the
