1、BFT阅读（综合）模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 Part 2 0 1. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. 2. Social scientists are, of course, extremely i
2、nterested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one anot
3、her, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature / nurture“. 3. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and ge
4、netic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
5、 4. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by the
6、ir surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. 5. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, b
7、lacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the education
8、al and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. 6. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes
9、. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(2-6), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. fro not mark any letter twice. A. Ideas of nurture theory B.
10、Nature and nurture theory C. Profound implications of these two theories D. The formation of personalities E. Ideas of nature theory F. No satisfactory answer to explain human behavior G. Cooperative or competitive 1 Paragraph 2 _ 2 Paragraph 3 _ 3 Paragraph 4 _ 4 Paragraph 5 _ 5 Paragraph 6 _ 5 Dir
11、ections: Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. blacks are genetically inferior to whites B. blacks dont have the same opportunity f
12、or education as whites do C. the social and political implications of these two theories are profound D. biological based instincts are important in how we act E. the correct explanation of human behavior will take sides from both theories F. still, there is no satisfactory answer to it G. human beh
13、avior is determined mainly by their surroundings 6 Proponents of the “nature“ theory believe that _. 7 Behaviorists believe that_. 8 The authors purpose of mentioning blacks score below whites on standardized intelligence tests is to show that _. 9 Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writ
14、er of the article believes _. 10 As to the question how peoples personalities and behaviors is formed, _. 10 1. There is an alarming possibility that our American economy is moving in the direction of what some people call a two-tier society a large population of people with middle-class or higher i
15、ncomes and values, with a considerable increase at the top, and a large number of people who have been economically and culturally uncoupled from the main society. 2. What is most alarming is that the ladder that has connected the bottom to the top is now missing some important crossbars. There were
16、 certain industries, like the steel and auto industries, that provided more or less continuous ladders of jobs from the bottom to the top. You could enter as an unskilled person, acquire new skills, and move up the ladder into secure, unionized, better-paying jobs. But now these industries have been
17、 seriously put in danger, and their place as employers has been replaced by what I call the McDonalds employers. More people work for McDonalds than work for U S Steel, but McDonalds has no ladder. The problem is serious. 3. A great many economists, myself included, feel uneasy about the fact that 7
18、0 percent of the economy does what is called service work and only 30 percent does what is called goods-related work. New technology keeps entering the economy and bringing employment into disorder. When you look back at how the American economy developed, you see a migration off the farm into the f
19、actory and out of the factory into the office. The main push has come from technology. There has been relatively little new machinery to push people out of the office, but thats changing now. If the computer creates jobs in the office, the service sector will increase and there will be no squeezing
20、of employment. But if technology presses service people out of work, I dont know where they are going to go. 4. Personally, I think American optimism is in for a very severe challenge. We have always considered ourselves virtually to have a right to be number one in the world. But of course we dont
21、have any such right of assurance. And we have to be patiently prepared for unsettling fact that we are number two, or three, or four in many ways. In terms of health, for instance, we have fallen seriously behind, and thats a big blow to our self-image. 5. In the next 20 years the government will ha
22、ve to take active steps in providing work and income for the bottom one third of the population. The government unwillingly provides some sort of income, but it doesnt provide work. And work is essential for peoples self-respect and also for the building of many kinds of basic frameworks that are ne
23、eded in the country. Questions 1-5 Directions: For questions 1-5, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(2-5), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet, fro not mark any letter twice. A. Imbalance of service and goods-related work B. America as a polarized s
24、ociety C. Missing of ladders to the good jobs D. Technology policy of America E. Unemployment problems in America F. Necessity of providing work for the poor G. American optimism in challenge 11 Paragraph 2 _ 12 Paragraph 3 _ 13 Paragraph 4 _ 14 Paragraph 5 _ 15 Paragraph 6 _ 15 Directions: Using th
25、e information in the text, complete each sentence 6-10, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(6-10), mark one letter(A-G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. work B. new technology C. American optimism D. a polarized society E. a developed society F. the chan
26、ce to work in McDonalds G. the chance to learn skills and get well-paid jobs 16 A two-tier society is _. 17 The ladder that has connected the bottom to the top refers to _. 18 According to the passage, the main cause of farm-factory-office migration is _. 19 In the authors opinion, the government di
27、dnt provide the poor with _. 20 In the authors opinion, _ is in for a severe challenge. BFT阅读（综合）模拟试卷 21答案与解析 一、 Part 2 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本文论述了关于人的个性和行为是如何形成的以及对此所存在的不同观点：本性论和教养论。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 2 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 文章第 3、 4段分别阐述了本性论和教养论的观点。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析
28、】 参看上题解释。 【知识模块】 主题分析 与理解选择填空题 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第 5段举例阐述了本性论和教养论的深奥的社会、政治内涵。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 5 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 文中最后一段作者指出两种理论都不能圆满地解释人类的行为，争论还将继续进行下去。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据文章第 2段中的第 1句，得出坚持本性论的人认为我们的性格和行为特征很大程度上 是由生理因素和遗传因素决定的。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 7 【正确答
29、案】 G 【试题解析】 从文章第 4段： “behaviorists claim that our environment is more important than ourbiologically based instincts in determining how we will act” 得出，持教养论的人，即行为主义学家认为环境对决定人的行为比人的生理因素所起的作用更大。 【知识模块】 主题分析 与理解选择填空题 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 在美国，黑人在进行智力测试时没有白人得分高，本性论和教养论对此有不同的解释，作者举这个例子的目的不是在于辨别谁是谁非，而是在于说明两个学
30、派有很深的政治和社会内涵。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 9 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 从文中最后一段得出，作者指出两种理论都不能圆满地解释人类的行为，对于这个问题的解释的关键很可能存在这两个极端理论中间。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 10 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 如上题所释，对于如何解释人们个性、行为形成的原因，目前还没有非常满意的答案。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本文通过对美国社会发生的两极分化现象的阐述，说明了美国经济存在的一系列问题。第 1段讲述了美国社会正在
31、发生的现象：一部分中产阶级和高收入的人增多，另一部分从社会主流中分化出去。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 2段以美国的钢铁业和汽车制造业为例，说明了可供工人取得技术然后得到稳定、高收入的工作的机会和行业正处于危险之中。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 3段讲述了服务业和与产品相关的工作的比例失衡，就业活动变得紊乱。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 14 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 第 4段论述了美国的乐观主义正在受到威胁。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 15 【正确答案】
32、 F 【试题解析】 第 5段 作者呼吁美国政府应该给下层人群提供工作的机会。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 1段讲述了美国社会正在发生的现象：一部分中产阶级和高收入的人增多，另一部分从社会主流中分化出去。由此可以判断，这是一个两极分化的现象。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 17 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 从第 2段判断可以向上的梯子是指使工人学技术，然后爬上台阶上升到收入丰厚的职位的一种机会。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 在第 3段作者提
33、到了新技术产生的结果是使人口从农业向工业再向办公室流动。这种流动的主要动力是新技术。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 由最后一段的第 2句： “The government unwillinglydoesnt provide work ”可以得出，政府不愿意给底层人民提供工作。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题 20 【正确答 案】 C 【试题解析】 从第 4段的第 1句话： “Personally， I think American optimism is in for a very severe challenge ”可以得出，作者认为美国的乐观主义正在受到威胁。 【知识模块】 主题分析与理解选择填空题
