1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 20.3Measurement of Multiphase FlowFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 2013Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 20.3Measurement of Multiphase FlowMeasurement Coordination DepartmentFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily addre
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12、pyright 2013 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis edition of API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 20.3 supersedes APIRecommended Practice 86-2005 8, which is withdrawn.This edition of API MPMS Chapter 20.3 also supersedes the below listed sections of API MPMS Chapter 20.1
13、,Allocation Measurement, First Edition, 1993: Section 1.16.1Flow Measurement Systems, Section 1.16.3Proving and Calibration Techniques and Equipment, Section 1.16.3.1Equipment Considerations, Section 1.16.3.2Field Test Separators, and Section 1.16.3.3Portable Test Separators.This edition of API MPMS
14、 Chapter 20.3 also supersedes the below listed sections of API Recommended Practice 85,Use of Subsea Wet-gas Flowmeters in Allocation Measurement Systems, First Edition, 2003: Section 4Subsea Meter Calibration and Testing, Section 6.1Overview, Section 6.2Normal Operating Conditions Over Field Life,
15、Section 6.2.1Pressure, Section 6.2.2Temperature, Section 6.2.3Flow Rates, Section 6.2.4Gas and Liquid Volume Fractions (GVF/LVF), Section 6.2.5Water Volume Fraction, Watercut, Section 6.2.6Fluid Properties, Section 6.3Measurement Uncertainty Expected for Normal Operating Conditions, Section 6.4Desig
16、n Considerations, Section 6.4.1External Design Pressure, Section 6.4.2Internal Design Pressure, Section 6.4.3Material Selection and Manufacture, Section 6.4.4Erosion and Corrosion, Section 6.4.5Hydrate Susceptibly Analysis,iii Section 6.4.6In-situ Re-Calibration, Section 6.4.7Sensor Redundancy, Sect
17、ion 6.4.8Leak Path Minimization, Section 6.4.9Installability/Removability from Service, Section 6.4.10Stresses Due to Environmental Conditions, Section 6.4.10.1Handling, Lifting and Installation, Section 6.4.10.2Thermal Effects, Section 6.4.10.3Pressure, Section 6.4.10.4Hydrodynamic Loading, Section
18、 6.4.10.5Impact Loading, Section 6.4.11Collapse, Section 6.4.12Other Factors, Section 6.4.12.1Sensor Accuracy, Section 6.4.12.2Power Requirements, Section 6.4.12.3Mechanical Protection, Section 6.4.12.4Software Development, Section 6.5Installation Effects on Measurement, Section 6.6Additional Testin
19、g on Measurement Systems Section 6.6.1Systems Integration Test (SIT), Section 6.6.2Installation Demonstration, Section 6.6.3Software Testing, Section 6.7Routine Verification, Section 6.7.1Comparison of Redundant Sensors, Section 6.7.2Monthly System Balance Check, Section 6.7.3Sensor Zero and Offset
20、check at Shut-in, Section 6.7.4Other Recommended Diagnostics.ivNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingconta
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25、ertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington
26、, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.vContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Abbreviations and Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Multiphase and Wet Gas Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 Multiphase Flow RegimesOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 Multiphase Flow RegimesGraphical Represe
30、ntation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.4 Composition and Fluid Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 Piping Aspects of Multiphase Flow. . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.6 Multiphase Operating Envelope (OE), Well Production Profile, and Trajectory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Techniques of Multiphase Flow Metering Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.1 In-line Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.2 Compact or Partial Separation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.3 Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Multiphase Flow Metering SystemsCalibration, Corr
34、ection, Performance Testing, and Verification . 265.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.2 Sensor Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.3 Static Meter Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.4 Operating Condition Testing . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.5 Test/Verification in a Reference Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.6 Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.7 System Integration Test (SIT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.8 Commissioning .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.9 Site Acceptance Test (SAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . 295.10 Ongoing Testing/Verification at the Production Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.11 Fluid Property Determination/Sampling/Fluids Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.12 PVT Ch
40、aracterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.13 Other Performance Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . 336 Multiphase Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.2 Uncertainty Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.3 Uncertainty Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376.4 Multiphase/Wet Gas Flow Measurement Systems Uncertainty DeterminationMethodologies . . . . . . 406.5 Influence Factors and Their Effect on Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、. . 416.6 Uncertainty Changes During Field Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.7 Graphical Representations of Multiphase Measurement Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.8 Requirements
45、 for Documenting of Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Operation and Application of Multiphase Flow Metering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.1 Radiation Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.2 Flow Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.3 Allocat
47、ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.4 Bypass of Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.5 Additional Applications of Multiphase Metering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48viiPage8 Selection of Multiphase Flow Metering Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . 488.1 Intended Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.2 Meter Selection Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.3 Meter Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
