1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 20.5Recommended Practice for Application of Production Well Testing in Measurement and AllocationFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2017Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local
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5、ication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound eng
6、ineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using a
7、ny other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conf
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9、sher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2017 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis edition of API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 20.5 supersedes the below listedsections of API MPMS Chapter 20.1, Allocation Measurement, First Edit
10、ion, 1993: 1.7.2.2.2 Test Separator; 1.11.1 Well Tests; 1.16.3.2 Field Test Separators; 1.16.3.3 Portable Test Separators; 1.16.5.1 Full-Scale Separator Test Report; Appendix J.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanu
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12、ws.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course
13、of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designate
14、d as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Wa
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16、 may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be
17、submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative
18、 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Defi
19、nitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Prod
20、uction Well Testing in Upstream Measurement and Allocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 Rea
21、sons for Production Well Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 Production Well Testing and Additional Methods for Determining Well Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Conducting a Production Well
22、Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.2 Ini
23、tiation and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . 235.4 Special Case: Continuous Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.5 Special Case: Production Well Test By-difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . 266 Calculating Production Well Test Volumes and Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . 276.2 Phase Behavior (Production Well Testing PVT Application) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.3 Separator Measurement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . 326.4 Multiphase Measurement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.5 Tank Measurement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . 457 Applying Production Well Test Data for Use in Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.2 Production Well Test Rate Assumed Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.3 Production Well Test Rate with Applied Downtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . 557.4 Production Well Test Rate Validation and Updating of Well Flow Models and Virtual Flow Meters . . . . 567.5 Production Well Test Volume Adjustment of Gas Well Continuous Measurement with Single-phase Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.6 Special Case: Continuous Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Annex A (informative) Types of Oil and Gas Well Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Annex B (informative) Description of the Production Well Test System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Annex C (informative) Example Analysis for Establishing Production Well Test Duration During Nonstable Flow Conditions
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Annex D (informative) Example Production Well Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Annex E (informative) Field Determ
34、ination of Oil Volume Correction Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Annex F (informative) Calculation of Water Volume Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Annex G (informative) Example Calculations of Production Well Test Rates
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Annex H (informative) Example Calculations of Production Well Test Use in Allocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vContentsPageFigures1 Well Rate Determination Tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Production Well Test Initiation and Measurement Workflow . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Summary of Production Well Test Elements and Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Two-phase and Three-phase Separator Measurement System Process Flow Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Mul
38、tiphase Measurement System Process Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Tank Measurement System Process Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Gas Wells Continuously Measured with
39、Single-phase Meters with the Ability to Align with a Production Well Test System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60B.1 The Complete Production Well Test System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67B.2 Reservoir Fluid Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68B.3 Example Hydrocarbon Phase Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71B.4 Solution-gas Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73B.5 Gas-cap Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73B.6 Water Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74B.7 Gravity Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75B.8 Example Phase Envelope for Separator Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82C.1 Production Well Test Data Showing
44、Flow Variability at the Measurement Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Tables1 Summary of Suggested Fluid Verification Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Summary of Suggested Production Verification Activities . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Summary of Suggested Equipment Verification Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17C.1 Uncertainty Result for 2-hour Production Well Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87C.2 Combined Uncertainty Results for 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-hour Production Well Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88viIntroductionThis document establishes a framework to conduct and apply production well testing for well rate determination inmeasurement
47、 and allocation. Production well testing addressed in this document refers to measurement of gas, oil,and water quantities from a single well during a specified length of time under controlled operational conditions. Theintent of this document is to provide operators with a consistent and transparen
48、t approach for conducting, applying,and managing production well testing within an upstream measurement and allocation system. It is not intended toprescribe a particular production well test method, or particular application of production well test data use inallocation. Allocation methodologies ar
49、e addressed in API MPMS Ch. 20.1.vii1 Recommended Practice for Application of Production Well Testing in Measurement and Allocation 1 Scope This document provides recommendations and guidelines for the application of production well testing in production measurement and allocation. The recommendations and guidelines apply to conducting a production well test, calculating production well test volumes and rates, and the application of production well test data for use in measurement and allocation. This includes production well testing preparation, initiation, measurement, validation,
