1、GMAT（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 0 The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is be
2、st, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the a
3、nswer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error. 1 The gap in the ozone layer over the North Pole can expand each summer enough that it exposes regions as far south as Sweden by heightened UV rad
4、iation, also increasing rates of skin cancer in the northern regions by as much as 50 percent. （ A） that it exposes regions as far south as Sweden by heightened UV radiation, also increasing （ B） that regions as far south as Sweden have been exposed to heightened UV radiation, as well as having incr
5、eased （ C） to expose regions as far south as Sweden to heightened UV radiation, increased （ D） to expose regions as far south as Sweden to heightened UV radiation and increase （ E） that exposure to heightened UV radiation in regions as far south as Sweden, as well as increasing 2 In winning the 1998
6、 Kentucky Derby, Swiftilocks showed a burst of speed as that of Man o War, who won 20 of 21 races in 1919 and 1920. （ A） as that of Man o War, who won （ B） not unlike that of Man o War, who won （ C） not unlike Man o War, who won （ D） like that of Man o War for winning （ E） like Man o War and his win
7、ning 3 Rising tides of unemployment claims across the state has led the governor to declare the economy to be in a state of emergency. （ A） Rising tides （ B） Because the rising tide （ C） The tide is rising （ D） The rising tide （ E） The rising of the tide 4 Seeking to decrease the incidence of tooth
8、decay, the American Dental Association is to spend $45 million over the next seven years promoting good dental hygiene. （ A） the American Dental Association is to spend $45 million over the next seven years promoting good dental hygiene （ B） the American Dental Association will spend $45 million ove
9、r the next seven years to promote good dental hygiene （ C） over the next seven years the American Dental Association is to spend $45 million promoting good dental hygiene （ D） good dental hygiene will be promoted by the American Dental Association, which is spending $45 million over the next seven y
10、ears （ E） $45 million will be spent by the American Dental Association over the next seven years on the promotion of good dental hygiene 5 Some paleontologists claim that the discovery of what appear to be feathers in the fossil of an Archosaur could force a revision of current theories on the phylo
11、geny of Archosaurs, alter conceptions of dinosaur skin surfaces, and require scholars to credit birds with a far earlier origin than previously thought. （ A） require scholars to credit birds with a far earlier origin than previously thought （ B） scholars may be required to credit birds with a far ea
12、rlier origin than previously thought （ C） require a crediting by scholars of birds with a far earlier origin than previously thought （ D） compared to what was previously thought, require scholars to credit birds with a far earlier origin （ E） crediting birds with a far earlier origin than scholars h
13、ad previously thought 6 Covington College has four full-time Classics professors, but only 12 Classics majors. This three-to-one student-to-professor ratio is the lowest in the college. Since the college is facing financial difficulties, and since the tuition fees from just 12 students is not suffic
14、ient to pay the salaries of 4 full-time professors, the college should cancel the Classics program to reduce expenses. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the conclusion above? （ A） Professors in the Classics department teach popular language and literature classes that are attended by hun
15、dreds of students who are not Classics majors. （ B） Students at Covington College pay, on average, $22,500 per year in tuition and fees, while the average professor of humanities receives a salary of $61,500 per year. （ C） A well-regarded Classics program adds prestige to a college or university. （
16、D） The Classics department has already decreased in size from six frill-time professors 10 years ago. （ E） The study of classical literature and languages is increasingly irrelevant to the high-tech workplace of today. 7 A pharmaceutical company tested a new diet drug over a two-month period. The te
17、st group of 100 dieters lost an average of five pounds per person during the first month, but gained an average of two pounds per person in the second month. All of the following could help explain the results of the experiment except: （ A） The second month of the test occurred during a holiday seas
18、on, when people are more likely to gain weight. （ B） The diet drug has unpleasant side effects, causing many of the subjects to stop using the drug after the first month. （ C） The pharmaceutical company provided low-calorie diets to the test subjects in the first month, but let the dieters choose th
19、eir own food in the second month. （ D） The pharmaceutical company selected for the test people who were 20 to 40 pounds over their ideal weights. （ E） The diet drug relies on a metabolic effect that loses efficacy the longer a person takes the drug. 8 The Tricounty Bridge was supposed to relieve tra
20、ffic in East Countway County. Although the bridge was opened last year, traffic in the county has gotten worse over the last year. To relieve the traffic situation in East Countway, therefore, the traffic commission should order the Tricounty Bridge closed. Which of the following, if true, gives the
21、 most support to the conclusion of the passage above? （ A） The increased traffic seen in East Countway over the last year is largely attributable to a large casino and resort hotel that opened for business shortly after the opening of the Tricounty Bridge. （ B） The Tricounty Bridge allows inhabitant
22、s of heavily populated West Countway County to reach East Countway in less than a half-hour, as opposed to the two hours the trip required before the opening of the bridge. （ C） The bridge is only open for the periods 7-9 a.m. and 3-5 p.m. on weekdays. （ D） Ship captains on the Countway River have c
23、omplained that the bridge disrupts shipping on the river, thereby hurting the local economy. （ E） The bridge is unlikely ever to pay for itself with the current low toll payment. 9 Alcohol-control advocates argue that television advertising plays a large role in leading teenagers to drink. In Hungar
24、y, however, where television advertising of alcoholic beverages has been prohibited since 1980, teenage alcohol use is higher than in some other European countries where such advertising is allowed. Which of the following statements draws the most reliable conclusion from the information given above
25、? （ A） Hungarian culture, in general, views alcohol use more positively than do most other European cultures. （ B） Television advertising is the most effective way to encourage consumers to try a new alcoholic beverage. （ C） Television advertising cannot be the only factor that affects the prevalenc
26、e of teenage drinking. （ D） Alcohol use among Hungarian teenagers has increased in recent years. （ E） Alcohol abuse is the greatest threat facing Hungarian teenagers. 9 The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each questi
27、on. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan, the causative agent of malaria, has contributed to the difficulty of devising effective public health measures to combat the disease. It took s
28、cientists centuries to deconstruct the basic relationship between protozoan, mosquito vector, and human host. Modern physiologists and epidemiologists are still working out the intricacies of malarial infection. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with the
29、Plasmodium parasite. Only Anopheles mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease, and only females take blood meals from humans. To become infected with Plasmodium, the female mosquito takes a blood meal from a human carrying the parasite in his or her blood. Once ingested, the parasite mature
30、s in the mosquitos gut for approximately a week, after which it migrates to the insects salivary glands. By mixing with the mosquitos saliva, the parasite facilitates its transmission to a human host when the mosquito bites that human. Once in a humans bloodstream, the parasite travels to the humans
31、 liver. At this initial stage, the Plasmodium parasite is called a sporozoite. Within the liver, the sporozoite can form 30,000 to 40,000 daughter cells, called merozoites, which are released into the hosts bloodstream at a later date, sometimes within a week of the initial infection and sometimes a
32、s much as several months later. The merozoites seek out and attach themselves to red blood cells, in which they incubate 8 to 24 daughter cells over the next two days. When the daughter cells are mature, the red blood cell ruptures and the new parasites are released into the bloodstream to seek out
33、red blood cells of their own. Some of the new merozoites become male and female gametocytes; if these gametocytes are ingested by a mosquito feeding on the hosts blood, they will fertilize in the mosquitos gut to produce new sporozoites, and the cycle will continue. The symptoms that we associate wi
34、th malaria-a high, recurring fever; joint pain; a swollen spleen-are caused by toxins released from the red blood cells ruptured by merozoites. The human spleen can destroy these infected blood cells, but the Plasmodium parasite counters this effect by increasing the stickiness of proteins on the bl
35、ood cells surfaces so that the cells stick to the walls of blood vessels. If the sticky surface proteins affect a particularly large number of cells, the malaria can trans-form into a hemorrhagic fever, the most deadly form of malaria. A further complicating factor in the natural history of malaria
36、is the many variants of the Plasmodium protozoan. Scientists now recognize that malaria is caused by at least six different species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowesli, and P. semiovale. Of these species, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and approximatel
37、y 90 percent of malarial deaths in the world. 10 The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following? （ A） Describing the life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan as it relates to the disease malaria （ B） Comparing and contrasting the life cycles of the six variants of the Plasmodium protoz
38、oan known to cause malaria （ C） Addressing the public health implications of the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite （ D） Providing information on how a person can avoid infection with malaria （ E） Describing the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito as it relates to the transmission of the Plasmod
39、ium protozoan to humans 11 Which of the following most accurately states the role of the first paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole? （ A） It summarizes two theories, the relative merits of which are debated in the passage. （ B） It puts forth an argument that the rest of the passage is dev
40、oted to refuting. （ C） It introduces a new concept that the rest of the passage expands upon. （ D） It frames the background and relevance of the material to follow. （ E） It outlines the major themes of each of the four paragraphs to follow. 12 If a mosquito were to bite a person, and that person wer
41、e later to develop malaria and die of the disease, it is most likely that the person was infected with which of the following? （ A） Anopheles gambiae （ B） Anopheles semiovale （ C） Plasmodium malariae （ D） Plasmodium uivax （ E） Plasmodium falciparum 13 The relationship of a merozoite to a sporozoite
42、is most like which of the following? （ A） A mother to a daughter （ B） A brother to a sister （ C） One of several subsidiaries spun off from a large corporation （ D） A computer program to a computer （ E） Orange juice to an orange tree 14 Based on the information given in the passage, which of the foll
43、owing would be most effective in preventing a person infected with malaria from developing a hemorrhagic fever? （ A） Surgical removal of the spleen （ B） A medicine that prevents changes to the surface proteins of red blood cells （ C） An effective vaccine against malaria （ D） A potent pesticide that
44、reliably kills the Anopheles mosquito without producing any negative consequences for the environment or for human health （ E） A small infusion of a weaker variant of the Plasmodium protozoan that will then compete with the existing parasitic infection 15 In fisheries in general, when a large harves
45、t is taken one year, there will be fewer fish available to be harvested in the following year, leading to decreasing yields of most fish species over time. The Maine lobster is an anomaly, however. Even though the vast number of lobster traps covering the New England coast pull in more lobsters ever
46、y year, the number of lobsters in the water has shown no signs of decreasing. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the apparent anomaly concerning the number of Maine lobsters? （ A） The decline of other fish species in the region has deprived the lobster of its natural food source
47、of scavenged fish. （ B） The bait in lobster traps provides abundant food for young lobsters, which are still small enough to swim out of the traps, leading to much higher survival rates among young lobsters than would be expected in nature. （ C） As global warming heats the waters of the Atlantic coa
48、stline, the Maine lobster has extended its northern range to well past Nova Scotia. （ D） The ever-increasing demand for lobsters in seafood restaurants and steakhouses across the country has driven a corresponding increase in the supply of the product. （ E） The increased lobster harvest has resulted
49、 in many juvenile lobsters but very few breeding-age lobsters, which could result in a crash in lobster numbers in the near future. 16 Federal tax evasion is a serious crime that places an unfair tax burden on those members of society who pay their fair share. To reduce the incidence of tax evasion, the government needs to prosecute a few high-profile individuals whose cases will receive substantial media attention. The argument above relies on which of the following assumptions? （ A） The tax system is so complicated that even people who try to comply with it may inadver
