1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 105及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Advertising Media in America In the United States, there are many media for advertising. The oldest kind
3、is the newspaper.【 1】 _ ads it carries help 【 1】 _ people seek jobs, houses or services. Magazines may run unusually attractive ads in color. Magazines like Time and Readers Digest are good for national advertising due to their【 2】 _. Highly specialized, 【 2】 _ 【 3】 _ magazines appeal to a wide vari
4、ety of interests, such 【 3】 _ as sports, boating and dress-making. They are read by a limited but【 4】 _ audience. 【 4】 _ Radio is a favorite choice to advertisers because it has an audience【 5】 _. Radio advertising can be used for national 【 5】 _ and local campaigns.【 6】 _ radio is used for larger 【
5、 6】 _ campaigns. Yet its use has declined since the【 7】 _ of 【 7】 _ television, which, as a major medium, can combine the powerful selling features of the newspaper, the radio and the 【 8】 _. 【 8】 _ 【 9】 _ advertising includes in-store banners, window 【 9】 _ posters, leaflets and other printed matte
6、rs. Other modes of advertising include direct-mail advertising (which involves sending advertising materials by mail to lists of【 10】 _ customers), outdoor advertising, and so forth. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In th
7、is section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 When did Pos
8、t office in Britain employ cats? （ A） In 1868. （ B） In 1886. （ C） In 1898. （ D） In 1889. 12 Why were female cats usually employed by the Post Office? （ A） They could work for 24 hours a day. （ B） They were worse hunters. （ C） They were more persistent hunters. （ D） They worked the whole night. 13 Wh
9、at happened to the cats if the number of mice in a post office didnt decline within 6 months? （ A） They were killed. （ B） They were punished by not to be given food. （ C） They had to change job. （ D） They were dismissed. 14 Why was Lucky awarded the DFC certificate? （ A） Because of the great amount
10、of rats she caught. （ B） Because of her good manner. （ C） Because of her sudden attack on the burglars. （ D） She served for 16 years. 15 Does the Post Office still employ cats? （ A） Yes, as fewer than before. （ B） Yes, but fewer than before. （ C） Yes, they are not needed any more. （ D） No, their ser
11、vices are discontinued. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How many school districts and the Nation
12、al Education Association criticize the law? （ A） Three. （ B） Six. （ C） Nine. （ D） Four. 17 What was Utahs response? （ A） It voted to approved the law. （ B） It voted to submit to the federal education reform law when conflict happened. （ C） It voted to quit its own education reform plan. （ D） It vote
13、d to place top importance on its own school performance system. 18 What is the favorite drink in Ireland? （ A） Coffee. （ B） Stout. （ C） Brandy. （ D） Fresh milk. 19 Which is the focal point for life in the village? （ A） Discotheques. （ B） Cinemaplexes. （ C） Church. （ D） Pub. 20 Which of the following
14、 sentence is wrong about Mayo and village life in Ireland? （ A） Mayo is a very wild county. （ B） In villages around Ireland coming to the pub is a primary entertainment. （ C） Its very easy for you to feel part of the crowd. （ D） Because of the wild environment, you should go to bed early at night. 2
15、1 What is the passage primarily concerned with? （ A） The study of Emu oil （ B） the use of Emu oil （ C） The effect of Emu oil （ D） neither of above choices 21 Since the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been tryin
16、g to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity- the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input- did no
17、t improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost
18、their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a“ 40, 40,20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive a
19、dvantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conv
20、entional costcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach- including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting a
21、pproach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-c
22、utting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until
23、 recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers. Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Suc
24、h a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conven
25、tional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a d
26、ifferent way of managing. 22 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _. （ A） summarizing a thesis （ B） recommending a different approach （ C） comparing points of view （ D） making a series of predictions 23 The authors attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as _
27、. （ A） cautious （ B） critical （ C） disinterested （ D） respectful 24 In the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） a business principle （ B） a definition of productivity （ C） an example of a successful company （ D） an illustration of a process technology. 25 The author sugge
28、sts that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _. （ A） flawed and ruinous （ B） shortsighted and difficult to sustain （ C） popular and easily accomplished （ D） useful but inadequate 25 At last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos ,in Brazil, where Isabel m
29、ight also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three-inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you .look very pretty, standing on that chair and howli
30、ng at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that ofcourse he was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper, tn two hours she had got a bag of nin
31、ety-seven. On arrival in Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna had been nothing. Now there were spiders, as big as crabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with darkest Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy for breakfast, no one condemned t
32、he habit of chaining mad slave to the roof-top as a sort of domestic pet, or clown. There was cholera too, and the less dramatic but agonizing local boils,“ so close you could not put a pin through them.“ The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to the country, and once again B
33、urtons wonderful conversation held his audience spellbound. But Chic Brazilians looked askance at Isabel wading barefoot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a ruined chapel, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gymnastics and cold baths, and Ma
34、ss and market,“ helping Richard with Literature“ (his writing was always in capitals to her) and the wearisome pages of Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying out for him. About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabels letters home. We sense an immense loneliness beh
35、ind the courage with which she always faced life. Richard was going through a particularly trying phase. The explorer was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappear for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was she who held everything toget
36、her and kept up the facade, both with the Foreign Office, who were constanfiy making the most awkward enquiries, and the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for her. Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin monks to going to the local da
37、nces. She was learning now to be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtrusively, the practical side of their lives, and to rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women, and certainly not in most V
38、ictorian women. 26 We can conclude that Isabel Burton _. （ A） had been trying to get her husband a job in a place where she could go with him. （ B） had been trying to get her husband a job in Brazil. （ C） was always trying to plant fruit trees from Brazil. （ D） was always trying to make great effort
39、s in Brazil. 27 When her husband laughed at her reaction, Isabel decided _. （ A） to hit her husband with a slipper. （ B） to carry on calmly with what she was doing. （ C） to pull herself towards the chair she was standing on. （ D） to calm down and behave sensibly. 28 Although he was employed by Forei
40、gn Office, Richard Burton was _. （ A） interested in becoming a monk or an emplorer. （ B） very interested in his work and a number of other things. （ C） bored by his work and his duties. （ D） bored by his work and his many other interests and activities. 28 The year which preceded my fathers death ma
41、de great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working in defense plants, working and living among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it had never entered my mind that anyo
42、ne would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant, precisely, that one was never looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes the color of ones skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had always acted, that is-as though I
43、thought a great deal of myself-I had to act that way-with results that were, simply, unbelievable. I had scarcely arrived before I had earned the enmity, which was extraordinarily ingenious, of all my superiors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make matters worse, I simply did not k
44、now what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do, to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about Jim-crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-service restaurant three times and s
45、tood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee. It was always an extraordinarily long time before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Negroes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting for me to realize that I was a
46、lways the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they were ready for me and, thought some dreadful seines were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again. It was same story all over New Jersey, in bars, bowling alleys, diners, a
47、nd places t0 live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very shortly became notorious and children giggled behind me when I passed and their elders whispered or shouted-they really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on my mind, of course. I bega
48、n to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God knows, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one long series of acrobatics designed to keep me out of
49、 trouble. I cannot say that these acrobatics night, with but one aim: to eject me. I was fired once, and contrived, with the aid of a friend from New York, to get back on the payroll; was fired again, and bounced back again. It took a while to fire me for the third time, but the third time took me. There were no loopholes anywh
