1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 Having been a student and teacher in China (at Peking and Tsinghua Universities, respectively), I know qui
3、te a few Chinese students. Indeed, 【 1】 _ all of them have gone to the United States to 【 2】 _ their studies. Like the larger body of Chinese students in the United States-totaling well over 40,000-my friends live across the vast expanse of the American continent, on both coasts and in the states in
4、 between. They have chosen fields of study ranging from environmental engineering and public policy to history and Asian studies. Yet despite the great diversity among these students in terms of their ages, backgrounds, locations, and majors, 【 3】 _ experiences remain. None are more pronounced that
5、the inability of most Chinese students to effectively immerse themselves in American society. It seems to me that the majority of Chinese students in the United States have never made the effort to reach out and embrace American life on its own terms, instead, most share apartments with one or more
6、fellow Chinese students, speaking Chinese and eating Chinese food on a daily basis. In some respects, it is as if these students had never left China. Interactions with Americans tend to be limited to relatively formal, academic settings, such as the classroom or a professors office. Moreover, few C
7、hinese students participate in campus-wide 【 4】 _ activities, such as athletic matches and dances, which would put them into contact with a diverse array of American young people. Rather, most limit themselves to taking part in programs arranged by the Chinese Students Association and, naturally, th
8、ese events are generally linked to uniquely Chinese occasions such as the Spring Festival and National Day. As a result, even Chinese students who have spent years in the United States often difficult to engage American friends in 【 5】 _ conversations about such subjects as American politics, race r
9、elations, and popular music. In short, they lack a “feel“ for the country. Chinese students widely acknowledge this phenomenon even as they maintain differing views as to its cause. Some contend that Chinese have difficulty 【 6】 _ the cultural divide on account of such practical considerations as mo
10、ney. Because Chinese students come from a developing country and often have to rely on limited scholarship funds for support, they argue, Chinese students simply do not have the financial means to more fully participate in the extracurricular and social activities which would afford them more 【 7】 _
11、 contact with American (and other foreign) students. The truth is, however, that most American students are just as poor; it is a common fact of American student life. And in any event, most campus-based social events are 【 8】 _ to meet student needs. Others believe that the reason Chinese find accu
12、lturation difficult is somewhat more complex. Fundamentally, few Chinese see the chance to study in the United States for what it is: a once in lifetime opportunity to get to know another country from the inside. Chinese students typically focus so single-mindedly on their studies that they lose sig
13、ht of the larger picture, that is, their ultimate role as cultural interpreters between their homeland and the United States. To be sure, a Chinese students service as an engineer or biologist is 【 9】 _ to Chinas continued economic construction, but his or her ability to bridge the divide-or often,
14、the perceived divide-between two distinct cultures is perhaps even more important over the long run. Today, only a small fraction of the Chinese students who have studied in the United States have returned to China, a proof of both the academic and professional success of Chinese students in the Uni
15、ted States and the openness of the society in which they found this success. The contributions Chinese students have made to American life are truly striking. Still, I believe that the next generation of Chinese students in the United States-those who will begin the 21st century there-will recognize
16、 their crucial function in the process of furthering U. S. -China understanding. They will return to China in 【 10】 _ numbers to contribute to their countrys development in unprecedented ways. I only hope that before these students find their way back to China, they find their way into the heart of
17、America. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you
18、 will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following is true? （ A） Andrew prefers filling the bad tooth to taking it out. （ B） Jackie prefers to have the bad tooth filled rather than pulled. （ C） Neither Andrew nor Jackie li
19、kes to have a tooth filled. （ D） Jackie and Andrew would rather have a tooth filled. 12 Jackie complained that nobody was doing anything to _. （ A） prevent people from having trouble with teeth （ B） stop teeth from falling out （ C） put men on the moon （ D） transplant hearts and other organs 13 Accor
20、ding to the context tooth transplanting _. （ A） will not be realized in the near future （ B） is still at a trial period （ C） is but a dream （ D） has been widely practiced 14 Why did Jackie think Andrew was making up the story? （ A） She was sure Andrew was joking. （ B） She had never heard about it. （
21、 C） She thought it totally impossible. （ D） It had never been mentioned anywhere. 15 This dialogue is mainly about _. （ A） Andrews toothache （ B） teeth made of plastics （ C） tooth transplanting （ D） the Georgetown University Hospital SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear
22、 everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How many school districts and the National Education Association criticize the law? （ A） three （ B） six （ C） nine （ D） four 17 Wha
23、t was Utahs response? （ A） It voted to approved the law （ B） It voted to submit to the federal education reform law when conflict happened （ C） It voted to quit its own education reform plan （ D） It voted to place top importance on its own school performance system 18 What is the favorite drink in I
24、reland? （ A） coffee （ B） stout （ C） brandy （ D） fresh milk 19 Which is the focal point for life in the village? （ A） discotheques （ B） cinemaplexes （ C） church （ D） pub 20 Which of the following sentence is wrong about Mayo and village life in Ireland? （ A） Mayo is a very wild county. （ B） In villag
25、es around Ireland coming to the pub is a primary entertainment. （ C） Its very easy for you to feel part of the crowd. （ D） Because of the wild environment, you should go to bed early at night. 21 It used to be said that English people take their pleasure sadly. No doubt this would still be true if t
26、hey had any pleasure to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in my country has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasure sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking peopl
27、e somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income. In the course of my travels in the American I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the o
28、pinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arriver But when I look at the face of people in opulent cars, whether in your country or in mine, I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led me
29、to expect In nine cases out of ten, I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded palate. But it is not only the very rich who suffer in this way. Professional men very frequently feel hopeless thwarted. There is something that
30、 they long to do or some public object that they long to work for. But if they were to indulge their wishes in these respects, they fear that they would lose their livelihood. Their wives am equally unsatisfied, for their neighbor, Mrs. So-and-So, has gone ahead more quickly, has a better car, a lar
31、ger apartment and grander friends. Life for almost everybody is a long competitive struggle where very few can win the race, and those who do not win are unhappy. On social occasions when it is de rigueur to seem cheerful, the necessary demeanor is stimulated by alcohol. But the gaiety does not ring
32、 true and anybody who has just one drink too many is apt to lapse into lachrymose melancholy. One finds this sort of thing only among English-speaking people. A Frenchman while he is abusing the Government is as gay as a lark. So is an Italian while he is telling you how his neighbor has swindled hi
33、m. Mexicans, when they are not actually starving or actually being murdered, sing ad dance and enjoy sunshine and food and drink with a gusto which is very rare north of the Mexican frontier. When Andrew Jackson conquered Pensacola from the Spaniards, it was Sunday. She pointed out the scandal to he
34、r husband, who decreed that cheerfulness must cease forthwith. And it did. When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many American from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep
35、is the necessity for subservience in some large organization, If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariable under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. Whenever you have
36、 a bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. The mom energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that
37、 if you became the proper sort of yes- man your income would soon be doubled, If you try divorce and remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And .so you are condemned to gastric ulcers and premature old age. It was not always so. When Dr. Johnson complied his di
38、ctionary, he compiled it as he thought fit. When he felt like saying that oats is food for men in Scotland and horses in England, he said so. When he defined a fishing-rod as a stick with a fish at one end and a fool at the other, there was nobody to point out to him that a remark of this sort would
39、 damage the sale of his great work among fishermen. But if, in the present day, you are (let us say) a contributor to an encyclopedia, there is an editorial policy which is solemn, wise, and prudent, which allows no room for jokes, no place for personal preferences and no tolerance for idiosyncrasie
40、s. Everything has to be flattened out except where the prejudices of the editor are concerned. To these you must conform, however, little you may share them. And so you have to be content with dollars instead of creative satisfaction. And the dollars, alas, leave you sad. This brings me to major cau
41、se of unhappiness, which is that most people in America act not on impulse but on some principle, and that principles upon which people act are usually faxed upon a false psychology and a false ethic. There is a general theory as to what makes for happiness and this theory is false. Life is concerne
42、d as a competitive struggle in which felicity consists in getting ahead of your neighbor. The joys which are not competitive are forgotten. Now, I will not for a moment deny that getting ahead of your neighbor is delightful, but it is not the only delight of which human beings are capable. There are
43、 innumerable things which are not competitive. It is possible to enjoy food and drink without having to reflect that you have a better cook and better wine merchant than your former friends whom you are learning to cold- shoulder. It is possible to be fond of your wife and your children without refl
44、ecting how much better she dressed than Mrs. So-and- So and how much better they are at athletic than the children of that old stick-in-the-mud Mr. Such-and-Such. There are those who can enjoy music without thinking how cultured other ladies in their womens club will be thinking them. There are even
45、 people who can enjoy a fine day in spite of the fact that the sun shines on everybody. All these simple pleasures are destroyed as soon as competitiveness gets the upper hand. But it is not only competitiveness that is the trouble. I could imagine a person who has turned against competitiveness and
46、 can only enjoy after conscious rejection of the competitive element. Such a person, seeing the sunshine in the morning, says to himself, “Yes, I may enjoy this and indeed I must, for it is a joy open to all.“ And however bored he may become with the sunshine he goes on persuading himself that he is
47、 enjoying it because he thinks he ought to. “But,“ you will ask, “are you maintaining that our actions ought to be governed by moral principles?“ Are you suggesting that every whim and every impulse should be given free rein? Do you consider that if So-and-Sos nose annoys you by being too long, that
48、 gives you a right to tweak it?“ “Sir,“ you will continue with indignation,“ your doctrine is one which would uproot all the sources of morality and loosen all the bonds which hold society together. Only self-restraint, self-repression, iron self-control make it possible to endure the abominable bei
49、ngs among whom we have to live, No, sir! Better misery and gastric ulcers than such chaos as your doctrine would produce. I will admit at once that there is force in this objection. I have seen many noses that I should have liked to tweak, but never once have I yielded to the impulse. But this, like everything else, is a matter of degree. If you always yield to impulse, you are mad. If you never yield to impulse, you gradually dry up and very likely become mad to boot. In a life which is to be healthy
