1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 Dont expect Starbucks-like 【 1】 _like this one at the 13,600 U.S. McDonalds, or 30,000-plus worldwide; the
3、 Oak Brook restaurant, which opened late last month, doubles as public restaurant and test site. But the worlds largest restaurant chain is tinkering with various possibilities in technology and design to try to ensure it is a 【 2】 _of choice in the future. McDonalds has undergone an 【 3】 _change in
4、 more ways than one since a time 【 4】 _years ago when its sales and reputation were sagging amid complaints about its service and food. The company reported first-quarter 【 5】 _income was up 6 percent to 【 6】 _million and revenue rose 9 percent to 4.8 billion over the same time last year. Its stock
5、price nearly tripled over a two-year period, hitting a four-year high of 34.56 per share in March, but has since settled around 29. Snazzier new restaurants are part of the makeover; about 1,000, mostly older U.S. McDonalds have been either 【 7】 _, or rebuilt since 2002. Some of the additions, such
6、as salads, white-meat chicken nuggets and fruit options with Happy Meals, have served the 【 8】 _purpose of enabling the company to state a commitment to a healthier, balanced menu while bringing in new customers who arent there for the hamburgers. McDonalds now hopes to attract more 【 9】 _with ameni
7、ties that might entice them to come in and stay awhile. Analyst Peter Jankovskis thinks the extra investments to try to make McDonalds restaurants hangouts are 【 10】 _, noting that they have worked not only at Starbucks but at Panera Bread and other chains. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】
8、7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the fol
9、lowing five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Who are the speakers? （ A） Salesmen. （ B） Editors. （ C） Cooks. （ D） Advertising agents. 12 What product are they talking about? （ A） Kitchen. （ B） Deep-freezer. （ C） Mobility units. （ D） Cake mixer 13 What is the relationship between the two spe
10、akers? （ A） Employer and employee （ B） Salesman and customer （ C） Advertiser and customer （ D） Colleagues 14 How is the kitchen different from all other kitchens on the market? （ A） It is easier to clean and repair （ B） It is non-fixed and flexible （ C） All its units are of the same height （ D） Its
11、chopping board is nearer to the sink 15 What can you infer from the conversation? （ A） Terry knows less about kitchen than Joyce （ B） Joyce knows more about kitchen than Joyce （ C） Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce （ D） Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce SECTION C NEWS BROAD
12、CAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Haler Group bid for Maytag is _ （ A） 1.75 billion （ B） 18.5 billion （ C） 16.4 billio
13、n （ D） 1.3 billion 17 Which statement is not true? （ A） This is the biggest takeover battle for China （ B） Chinas bid will probably trigger a costly biding competition over the company Unacal （ C） The U.S is planning forbidding Chinese companys bids for U.S company （ D） Unocal has agreed to be sold
14、to another American oil company 18 Whats the effect of the US slowdown? （ A） Cutting into demand for Nokias handsets. （ B） Promote other economies. （ C） Many firms break down. （ D） Many handsets dont sell. 19 So far, how many percent of sales growth this quarter? （ A） 20%. （ B） 10%. （ C） 40%. （ D） 8
15、0%. 20 Why has the rate of new phone purchases slowed in Europe? （ A） Because of the warning about sales （ B） Because the customers are reluctant to trade up to new handsets （ C） Because of cutting into demand for handsets （ D） Because of the U.S slowdown 21 Thomas Jefferson, who died in 1826, looms
16、 ever larger as a figure of special significance. Americans, of course, are familiar with Jefferson as an early statesman, author of the Declaration of Independence, and a high-ranking presidential Founding Father. But there is another Jefferson less well known. This is the Jefferson who, as the out
17、standing American philosopher of democracy, has an increasing appeal to the worlds newly emerging peoples. There is no other man in history who formulated the ideas of democracy with such fullness, persuasiveness, and logic. Those interested in democracy as a poetical philosophy and system - even th
18、ose who do not accept his postulates or are critical of his solutions - must reckon with his thought. What, then, is his thought, and how much of it is still relevant under modern conditions? Of all the ideas and beliefs that make up the political philosophy known as Jefferson democracy, perhaps thr
19、ee are paramount. These are the idea of equality, the idea of freedom, and the idea of the peoples control over government. Underlying the whole, and serving as a major premise, is confidence in man. To Jefferson, it was virtually axiomatic that the human being was essentially good, that he was capa
20、ble of constant improvement through education and reason. He believed that “no definite limit could be assigned“ to mans continued progress from ignorance and superstition to enlightenment and happiness. Unless this kept in mind, Jefferson cannot be understood properly. What did he mean by the conce
21、pt of equality, which he stated as a “serf-evident“ truth? Obviously, he was not foolish enough to believe that all men are equal in size or intelligence or talents or moral development. He never said that men are equal, but only that they come into the world with “equal rights“. He believed that eq
22、uality was a political rather than a biological or psychological or economic conception. It was a gift that man acquired automatically by coming into the world as a member of the human community. Intertwined with equality was the concept of freedom, also viewed by Jefferson as a “natural fight.“ In
23、the Declaration of Independence he stated it as “self-evident“ that liberty was one of the “inherent“ and “unalienable rights“ with which the Creator endowed man. “Freedom“, he summed up at one lime, “is the gift of Nature.“ What did Jefferson mean by freedom and why was it necessary for him to clai
24、m it as an “inherent“ or “natural“ right? In Jefferson thought there are two main elements in the idea of freedom. There is, first, mans liberty to organize his own political institutions and to select periodically the individuals to run them. The other freedom is personal. Foremost in the area of i
25、ndividual liberty, Jefferson believed, was the untrammeled right to say, think, write, and believe whatever the citizen wishes - provided, of course, he does not directly injure his neighbors. It is because political and personal freedom are potentially in conflict that Jefferson, in order to make b
26、oth secure, felt the need to found them on “natural right“. If each liberty derives from an “inherent“ right, then neither could justly undermine the other. Experience of the past, when governments, were neither too strong for the ruled or too weak to rule them, convinced Jefferson of the desirabili
27、ty of establishing a delicate natural balance between political power and personal rights. This brings us to the third basic element in the Jeffersonian idea: the peoples control over government. It is paradoxical that Jefferson, who spent most of his adult years in politics, had an ingrained distru
28、st of government as such. For the then-existing governments of Europe, virtually all of them hereditary mortar chies, he had antipathy mixed with contempt. His mistrust of strong and unchecked government was inveterate. “I am not,“ he said, “a friend to a very energetic government. It is always oppr
29、essive.“ Government being a necessity for civilized existence; the question was how it could be prevented from following its tendency to swallow the rights of the people. Jeffersons answer to this ancient dilemma was at variance with much traditional thinking. He began with the postulate that govern
30、ment existed for the people, and not vice versa; that it had no independent being except as an instrument of the people; and that it had no legitimate justifications for existence except to serve the people. From this it followed, in Jeffersons view that only the people, and not their rulers or the
31、privileged classes, could and should be relied upon as the “safe depositories“ of political liberty. This key idea in the Jeffersonian political universe rested on the monumental assumption that the people at large had the wisdom, the capability, and the knowledge exclusively to carry the burden of
32、political power and responsibility. The assumption was, of course, widely challenged and vigorously denied in Jeffersons day, but he always asserted his confidence in it. Confidence in the people, however, was not enough, by itself, to serve as a safeguard against the potential dangers inherent in p
33、olitical power. The people might become corrupted or demoralized or indifferent. Jefferson believed that the best practice for the avoidance of tyranny and the preservation of freedom was to follow two main policies. One was designed to limit power, and the other to control power. In order to put li
34、mits on power, Jefferson felt, it was best to divide it by scattering its functions among as many entities as possible - among states, countries, and municipalities. In order to keep it in check, it was to be impartially balanced among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Thus, no group, a
35、gency, or entity would be able legitimately to acquire power for abuse. This is, of course, the theory that is embedded in the Constitution and that underlies the American federal system with its “check and balance“. For the control of power or, more specifically, the governmental apparatus itself,
36、other devices had to be brought into play. Of these, two are of special importance: suffrage and elections. Unlike many contemporaries, Jefferson believed in virtually universal suffrage. His opinion was that the universal fight to vote was the only “rational and peaceable instrument“ of free govern
37、ment. Next to the right to vote, the system of free elections was the foremost instrument for control over government. This involved, first, the election by the people of practically all high government officials, and, secondly, fixed and regular periods of polling, established by law. To make doubl
38、y sure that this mechanism would work as an effective control over power, Jefferson advocated frequent elections and short terms of office, so that the citizens would be enabled to express their “approbation or rejection“ as soon as possible. This, in substance, is the Jeffersonian philosophy - fait
39、h in the idea of equality, of freedom, and in the right to and need for popular control over government. What, in all this, is relevant to peoples without a democratic tradition, especially those who have recently emerged in Asia and Africa? The rejection of democratic procedures by some of these pe
40、oples has been disheartening to believers in freedom and democracy. But it is noteworthy that democratic and parliamentary government has been displaced in areas where the people had no background in freedom or self-rule, and where illiteracy is generally high. Even there it is significant that the
41、new dictatorships are usually proclaimed in the name of the people. The Jeffersonian assumption that men crave equality and freedom has not been denied by events. Special conditions and traditions may explain non-democratic political methods for the achievement of certain purposes, but these remain
42、unstable wherever the notion of liberty has begun to gain ground. “The disease of liberty“, Jefferson said, “is catching.“ The proof of this is to be found even in such societies as the Spanish and the Islamic, with their ancient traditions of chieftainships where popular eruptions against dictatori
43、al rule have had an almost tidal constancy. But it is a slow process, as Jefferson well knew, “The ground of liberty“, he said, “is to be gained by inches; we must be contented to secure what we can get, from time to time, and eternally press forward for what is yet to get. It takes time to persuade
44、 men to do even what is for their own good.“ Does Jefferson survive? Indeed he does. 21 What are the three most paramount ideas in Jeffersonian democracy? （ A） Equality, freedom and peoples control over government. （ B） Equality, confidence in man and peoples control over government. （ C） Equality,
45、freedom and confidence in man. （ D） Freedom, confidence in man and peoples control over government. 22 How did Jefferson interpret the concept of equality? （ A） He asserted that it was a political concepts as well as a biological and economic concept. （ B） He believed that men were born with equal r
46、ights. （ C） Equality is a gift of Nature. （ D） Both B and . 23 In Jeffersons opinion, what could prevent tyranny and preserve freedom? （ A） Suffrage and election. （ B） Checks and balances. （ C） The two politics to limit power and to control power. （ D） The dividing of functions among many entities.
47、24 Which of the following statements would the writer probably Not support? （ A） The rejection of democratic procedures is partly attributed to ignorance. （ B） Jeffersons ideas of democracy are often distorted by some people on purpose. （ C） Universal suffrage is the cardinal instrument for control
48、over government. （ D） Once the concept of liberty is accepted by the majority, a democratic society will be strongly demanded. 25 The primary purpose of this text is to _. （ A） explain Jeffersons ideas of democracy （ B） exalt Jefferson as an outstanding philosopher （ C） illustrate Jeffersons influen
49、ce on modem politics （ D） view Jeffersonian democracy under modem conditions 26 The dream of lost innocence recovered in a golden future always haunts the imagination of colonial pioneers. Its premise is myopia: F. Scott Fitzgerald conjured “a fresh, green breast of the new world“ for his Dutch sailors, a story that began without Indians. Golda Meir infamously insisted that there was no such thing as Palestinians. Breaking new ground on a distant shore is easier if no one is there
