1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 186及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Library Looking up material for a research paper in a library should begin with the main【 1】 _. You can f
3、ind cards bearing 【 1】 _ key information about the books in the library in the small drawers. We have three types of cards for each book, namely, 【 2】 _cards, author cards and title cards. They are all【 2】 _ 【 3】 _ordered. For the sequence of author cards, 【 3】 _ 【 4】 _names come first; while for ti
4、tle cards, articles【 4】 _ like the, a, an are【 5】 _. 【 5】 _ On each card there is a【 6】 _number, through 【 6】 _ which you can easily find the book among the shelves. But if the book is stored only on the【 7】 _stacks, you must have 【 7】 _ the help of a librarian to get the book. In that ease, you nee
5、d to fill in a call slip. Before you can take the book out, the librarian must charge the book to your library card. With the help of an electronic device, the information of your borrowings are all stored in a【 8】 _. You must return the book within one 【 8】 _ month. Or you can ask for a【 9】 _. Othe
6、rwise, you will 【 9】 _ have to pay fine for【 10】 _books. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 ar
7、e based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Grammar school was for students who _. （ A） were at the age of 16 （ B） failed the eleven plus exam （ C） did well in the eleven plus exam （
8、 D） were not qualified for secondary school 12 Janet thinks that stopping dividing children at the age of 11 _ the old education system. （ A） does not greatly improve, （ B） greatly improves （ C） does not improve （ D） is not as good as 13 One of the problems in English schools is that _. （ A） the sch
9、ools are overcrowded （ B） the classrooms are not big enough （ C） there are too many students in a class （ D） the encouragement on students* individualism is not enough 14 On the issue of adaptation to society, Janet thinks _. （ A） only the subjects that could be used in society are important for the
10、 students （ B） the subjects could be irrelevant so long as the students could enjoy them （ C） there should be more classes on social studies （ D） there should be no exams in subjects of social studies. 15 In Janets opinion, school education could be improved if the students could be encouraged _. （
11、A） to enjoy a subject for its own sake （ B） to be more competitive （ C） not to worry about exams （ D） to study with a specific aim SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each n
12、ews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Indias new Prime Minister Manmohan Singh? （ A） He is a member of the Congress Party. （ B） He was born in a foreign country. （ C） He is known as the architect of Indias economic reform. （ D） He
13、 is from a minority group. 17 The Congress Party brought enormous pressure on Sonia Gandhi in order to _. （ A） force her to resign as party leader （ B） persuade her to take the post as Prime Minister （ C） force her to transfer the power to Manmohan Singh （ D） ask her to give in to protestors 18 Acco
14、rding to a U.S. defense official, General Sanchez _. （ A） may be removed from his present post in Iraq （ B） may be appointed as the top U.S. commander in Iraq （ C） is responsible for the prisoner abuse in Iraq （ D） is in disagreement with the Pentagon 19 According to a Washington Post report, Genera
15、l Sanchez might have _ the abuse of prisoners. （ A） seen （ B） ordered （ C） denied （ D） forbidden 20 According to U.S. officials, （ A） the U.S. has detected an Iranian spy service network （ B） the U.S. has broken the codes used in Iranian spy communications （ C） the U.S. would improve its ability to
16、gather intelligence on Iran （ D） an Iraqi politician has revealed important intelligence to Iran 20 The first time I saw Stephen Leacock at close quarters he came swinging into a classroom in Moyse Hall, the serenely ugly old Arts Building of McGill University in Montreal. The room was packed with u
17、ndergraduates like me who had come with huge curiosity to listen to their first lecture on political science by a man whose humorous writing had rocked the English-speaking world with laughter, but who was a campus character for very different reasons. Leacock enjoyed a reputation for eccentricity a
18、nd for an impish individualism that expressed itself in blunt speech on every subject. Naturally we looked him over carefully. What we saw was a shock of graying hair crowning a rugged face that wore a friendly smile, emphasized by crinkles of mirth about the eyes. I remember thinking, “He could use
19、 a haircut.“ His necktie had slipped its moorings, and his tweedy suit looked slept-in. Across his vest his watch chain had come apart in the middle and had been put together with a safety pin. The effect was of a man who gave no thought to his appearance. But his manner was far too buoyant to sugge
20、st the absent-minded professor. His apparel was topped by one of those loose, black gowns professors wore in those days. Leacoeks had been acquired about the time he received his Ph. D. from the University of Chicago in 1903. Even though the garment was showing signs of wear in 1914, it was still on
21、e of the essential properties of his play-acting. At least a dozen times during every lecture it would slip off his shoulders and seize him by the crook of his elbows. Without pause in the flow of talk and motionhe was a walking lecturer great shrug of the shoulders would hoist the gown part way int
22、o place. Leacock was tremendously proud of his Chicago Ph. D. , but it was inescapably in character that he must spoof it. “The meaning of this degree,“ he quipped in a lecture, “is that the recipient has been examined for the last time in his life and pronounced full. After this, no new ideas can b
23、e imparted to him.“ In similar vein, after returning from a holiday abroad he told his class, “I was sitting quietly in my cabin when a steward knocked and, after making sure I am called Doctor, asked if I would come and look at the stewardesses knee. I was off like a shot, but another fellow got th
24、ere ahead of me. He was a Doctor of Divinity.“ What came through to me, even in the first lecture, was Leacock s warmth and humanness. I knew I was listening to a man who loved young people and was determined to give them as much wisdom as he could. His teaching methods were unconventional. He could
25、nt resist the temptation to explore bypaths. In discussing the days of Queen Victoria, he mentioned Disraeli, and this set him off to talk about the man rather than the Prime Ministerhis way of living, his quick mind, his dilettantism, his great love affair with his wife. The digression lifted the g
26、reat statesman into a framework of his own and, when Leacock returned to the main line of his subject, the listener understood, in a way no textbook could inform him, how such a man could bring off the coup which gave Britain control of the Suez Canal and made the Empire impregnable for decades to c
27、ome. 21 The student were eager to see Leacock because he was _. （ A） an eccentric character （ B） an unconventional teacher （ C） a renowned political scientist （ D） all of the above 22 Stephen Leacock could be described as all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） careless about his appearance （ B） witty a
28、nd eloquent （ C） an inspiring professor （ D） an absent-minded person 23 Leacocks account of being summoned to look at a stewardesss knee _. （ A） tells us that he was always ready to help others （ B） indicates that he was an incompetent doctor （ C） reveals that he was very proud of his degree （ D） sh
29、ows that he could be playful sometimes 24 Speaking of Disraeli, a conventional professor would probably have _. （ A） focused on his accomplishments as a statesman （ B） talked about his family life （ C） explored the little-known aspects of the person （ D） looked at him from a fresh perspective 24 How
30、 to live to 100 A growing body of research suggests that chronic illness is not an inevitable consequence of aging, but more often the result of lifestyle choices. “People used to say, who would want to be 100?“ says Dr. Thomas Perls, an instructor at Harvard Medical School and director of the New E
31、ngland Centenarian Study. “Now theyre realizing its an opportunity.“ High-tech medicine isnt likely to change the outlook dramatically; drugs and surgery can do only so much to sustain a body once it starts to fail. But there is no question we can lengthen our lives while shortening our deaths. The
32、tools already exist, and theyre within virtually everyones reach. Life expectancy in the United States has nearly doubled since a century agofrom 47 years to 76 years. And though centenarians are still rare, they now constitute the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. Their ranks have inc
33、reased 16-fold over the past six decades from 3,700 in 1940 to roughly 61,000 today. The Census Bureau projects that 1 in 9 baby boomers (9 million of the 80 million people born between 1946 and 1964) will survive into their late 90s, and that 1 in 26 (or 3 million) will reach 100. “A century ago, t
34、he odds of living that long were about one in 500,“ says Lynn Adler, founder of the National Centenarian Awareness Project and the author of “Centenarians: The Bonus Years.“ “Thats how, far weve come.“ If decrepitude were an inevitable part of aging, these burgeoning numbers would spell trouble. But
35、 the evidence suggests that Americans are living better, as well as longer. The disability rate among people older than 65 has fallen steadily since the early 1980s, according to Duke University demographer Kenneth Manton, and a shrinking percentage of seniors are plagued by hypertension, arterioscl
36、erosis and dementia. Moreover, researchers have found that the oldest of the old often enjoy better health than people in their 70s. The 79 centenarians in Perlss New England study have all lived independently through their early 90s, taking an average of just one medication. And when the time comes
37、 for these hearty souls to die, they dont linger. In a 1995 study, James Lubitz of the Health Care Financing Administration calculated that medical expenditures for the last two years of life statistically the most expensiveaverage 22,600 for people who die at 70, but just $ 8,300 for those who make
38、 it past 100. These insights have spawned a revolution in the science of aging. “Until recently, there was so much preoccupation with diseases that little work was done on the characteristics that permit people to do well,“ says Dr. John Rowe, the New York geriatrician who heads the MacArthur Founda
39、tions Research Network on Successful Aging. Research confirms the old saying that it pays to choose your parents well. But the way we age depends less on who we are than on how we live what we eat, how much we exercise and how we employ our minds. 25 The author seems to suggest that _. （ A） the aged
40、 should not go to the nursing home （ B） we can lengthen our lives through high-tech medicine （ C） centenarians die faster than those who are younger （ D） the ever-growing Segment of centenarians has caused concern 26 People past 100 can be described as all of the following EXCEPT that _. （ A） many o
41、f them had lived independently until their early 90s （ B） they enjoy better health than people in their 70s （ C） their longevity could be attributed to heredity （ D） their medical expenditures are surprisingly low 27 A century ago, how many lived to, or past 100, within a population of 5 million? （
42、A） 5,000,000. （ B） 10,000. （ C） 50,000. （ D） 1,000. 27 Last years economy should have won the Oscar for best picture. Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soared; exports flourished; and inflation stayed around 3 percent for the third year. So why did so many Americans give the
43、picture a lousy B rating? The answer is jobs. The macroeconomic situation was good, but the microeconomic numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not enough of them were permanent, good jobs paying enough to support a family. Job insecurity was rampant. Even as they announced highe
44、r sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a tailspin, cutting 516,069 jobs in 1994 alone, almost as many as in the recession year of 1991. Yes, unemployment went down. But over 1 million workers were so discouraged they left the labor force. More than 6 million who wanted full-time
45、work were only partially employed; and another large group was either overqualified or sheltered behind the euphemism of self-employment. We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing the trend that has reduced the blue-collar work force from about 30 percent in the 195
46、0s to about half that today. White-collar workers found out they were no longer immune. For the first time, they were let go in numbers virtually equal to those for blue-collar workers. Many resorted to temporary workwith lower pay, fewer benefits and less status. All this in a country where people
47、meeting for the first time say, “What do you do?“ Then there is the matter of remuneration. Whatever happened to wage gains four years into a recovery? The Labor Department recently reported that real wages fell 2.3 percent in the 12-month period ending this March. Since 1973, wages adjusted for inf
48、lation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates and by about 7 .percent for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up, by 5 percent, and recently starting salaries, even for this group, have not kept up with i
49、nflation. While the top 5 percent of the population was setting new income records almost every year, poverty rates rose from 11 percent to 15 percent. No wonder this is beginning to be called the Silent Depression. What is going on here? In previous business cycles, companies with rising productivity raised wages to keep labor. Is the hist
