1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 198 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arr
3、anged in order of importance. Physiological needs: the most【 1】 _ ones for【 1】 _ survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. Safety needs: needs for a) physical security; b)【 2】 _security. 【 2】 _ The former means no illness or injury, w
4、hile the latter is concerned with freedom from worries, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【 3】 _ plans, and safe【 3】 _ working conditions. 【 4】 _: human requirements for 【 4】 _ a) love and affection; b)【 5】 _ 【 5】 _ There are two ways to satisfy t
5、hese needs: a) formation of relationships at work- place; b) formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. ones sense of a- chievement ; b) esteem of others, i. e. others respect as a result of ones【 6】 _ 【 6】 _ These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotio
6、n, honours, etc. 【 7】 _: need to realize ones potential. Ways【 7】 _ to realize these needs are individually different. Features of the hierarchy of needs: a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are ex- clusively【 8】 _needs. 【 8】 _ b) Needs are. satisfied in【 9】 _from the bet-【 9】 _ tom up. c)
7、Motivation for needs comes from the lowest un- met level. d) Different levels of needs may【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ when they come into play. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen caref
8、ully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is Joyce doing? （ A） Buying a pair of Adidas tennis shoes. （ B） As
9、king her father about Adidas shoes. （ C） Discussing with her father about Adidas shoes. （ D） Joining the tennis club in school. 12 What does her father think about Adidas shoes? （ A） They dont help sports players at all. （ B） They may be comfortable but are too expensive. （ C） They dont live up to t
10、heir fame. （ D） They are good for track and field sports but not for ball games. 13 Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the father? （ A） He and his friends have never worn Adidas. （ B） Adidas is just for great sports players like the Chicago Bulls. （ C） Adidas helps sports players do better.
11、（ D） He has always wanted to wear Adidas shoes. 14 Why does the father object to Joyces idea of buying Adidas? （ A） He thinks Adidas would cost him quite a lot of money. （ B） He doesnt think Joyce will run. （ C） He doesnt think the shoes will help Joyce in the games. （ D） He doesnt think Joyce will
12、play sports for long. 15 What is NOT true about Joyce? （ A） She makes good use of an ad to convince her father. （ B） She is easily fooled by ads. （ C） She didnt play much sports before. （ D） She wants her fathers opinion about Adidas shoes. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you wi
13、ll hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 On the subject of the alleged arms sales to Iraq, American officials_. （ A） are worried （ B） are interested （ C） feel indif
14、ferent （ D） feel annoyed 17 The Congressional investigators say that_. （ A） their studies have not yet started （ B） their inquiries have received government support （ C） the Matrix Churchill case and the Dragool case are unrelated （ D） the UK and U.S. followed a mutual policy 18 Rachel Whiteread is_
15、. （ A） a traditional artist （ B） a sculptor （ C） an interior decorator （ D） a house designer 19 Which of the following was NOT considered for this years Turner Prize? （ A） A model containing a large amount of rice. （ B） A sculpture showing the inside of old houses. （ C） A display made up of fish and
16、 glass. （ D） A sculpture involving colored neon lights. 20 What made Rachel Whiteread unhappy was the fact that_. （ A） she knew her creation was to be pulled down （ B） she got the prize as the worst artist （ C） she was ridiculed and mocked by newspaperman （ D） she was regarded as a hypocrite and the
17、 worst artist 20 Concern with money, and then with more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappeari
18、ng. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work, emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical“ Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart o
19、f only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal unique- ness, or individuality. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer
20、 products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life“ will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What would happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of g
21、ood things in life-to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe? Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and pursuit of material gains. Some of the strongest critics of the new wa
22、y of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however,
23、 countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old. 21 Which of the followin
24、g is NOT given as a feature of the old French way of life? （ A） Leisure. （ B） Elegance. （ C） Efficiency. （ D） Taste. 22 Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen? （ A） Many of them prefer the modern life style. （ B） They actually enjoy working at the assembly line. （ C） They are more concer
25、ned with money than before. （ D） They are more competitive than the older generation. 22 In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost i
26、ts local character, and became first a national event and then, international. The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events
27、is uncertain, but events included boys gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the ye
28、ar of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results were compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host
29、 country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the suns rays. It is carried by a succession of runners
30、 to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participat
31、ing in the Games. 23 In the early days of ancient Olympic Games_. （ A） only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the Games （ B） all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part in （ C） all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete
32、 in the Games （ D） all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games 24 Nowadays, the athletes expenses are paid for_. （ A） out of the prize money of the winners （ B） out of the funds raised by the competing nations （ C） by the athletes themselves （ D） by contributions 24 A child who has once b
33、een pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstan
34、ces of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that childre
35、n who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think,
36、 well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively
37、 true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist, and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar tha
38、t I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a descripti
39、on of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was. 25 Fairy stories are a means by which childrens impulses may be_. （ A） beneficially channeled （ B） given a destructive tendency （ C） held back until maturity （ D） effectively suppressed 26 The authors mention of broomsticks an
40、d telephones is to suggest that_. （ A） fairy stories are still being made up （ B） there is confusion about different kinds of truth （ C） people try to modernize old fairy stories （ D） there is more concern for childrens fears nowadays 26 In Britain in the middle of the eighteenth century, requisite
41、conditions were in evidence for making that nation the first great industrial country, “the workshop of the world“. Already enjoying a vigorous commercial economy, Britain experienced a tremendous population growth and increasing trade at home and abroad. The population boom is attributed to several
42、 circumstances in Britain at that time. Good harvests had produced abundant and therefore cheaper food. The plague years were over, probably as a result of improved water supplies and the availability of soap. With opportunities for work in industry, people were marrying younger and producing larger
43、 families for whom they could earn the means to provide. The death rate dropped, and the population in- creased. Labor was thus accessible for the development of an industrial society. Industrys need for fuel sparked expansion in coal mining. Production of iron depended upon coal smelting, which pro
44、duced cheap iron for machines and buildings. The iron industry moved to the central and northern sections of Britain for coal. Following the invention and improvement of the steam engine, water power was supplanted by steam power with its ensuing requirement of access to coal fields. Britains foremo
45、st industries were wool and cotton weaving. Between 1733 and 1789, a series of ingenious labor-saving machines were invented. They would dispense with water power and rely on steam for increased production. Kays flying shuttle made it possible to widen cloth and doubled production as well. Hargreave
46、s spinning jenny, a cotton-spinning machine that replaced the spinning wheel, and Cartwrights power loom rejuvenated both the cotton and wool industries. Once the countryside was dotted with mills beside rivers and streams, but the need for coal drove the textile industry into the North where it con
47、tinues to operate to this day. Industrialization was complemented by a dynamic approach to cheap transportation. A network of canals was constructed and covered 2,000 miles by 1815. The canal system reduced coal prices and provided easier access to raw materials and markets. Furthermore, a man named Macadam had the idea of solidifying roads with small stones, so road traffic was made easier. This period of B
