1、专业英语八级-试卷869及答案解析 (总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on A
2、NSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._Study Activities in University In order to
3、help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in thehumanities, e.g.【T1】 1【T1】 2Benefits: 1)helping to【T2】 3 interesting cont
4、ent in books【T2】 4and to express understanding2)enabling teachers to know progress and to offer【T3】 5【T3】 63)【T4】 7 students with exam forms【T4】 82. seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contextsBenefits: 1)【T5】 9 enables you to know the effectivenes
5、s of【T5】 10and others response to your speech immediately2)Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealtwith than in【T6】 11【T6】 123)The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged3. individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussionFormat: from teacher【T7】 13 to flexible conver
6、sation【T7】 14Benefit: encouraging acceptance of【T8】 15 and producing interaction【T8】 164. lectures: a most【T9】 17 used study activity【T9】 18Disadvantages: 1)less【T10】 19 than discussions or tutorials【T10】 202)more demanding in【T11】 21【T11】 22Advantages: 1)providing a general【T12】 23 of a subject【T12
7、】 24under discussion2)offering more easily【T13】 25 versions of a theory【T13】 263)updating students on【T14】 27 developments【T14】 284)allowing students to follow different【T15】 29【T15】 30（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2
8、.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(11).【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(12).【T12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(15).【T15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_3.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will he
9、ar ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four c
10、hoices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions._A.They have just revised an old report.B.They have finished a report on old age.C.They have just rewritten a report.D.They have finished a report on the young.A
11、.To look into the mental health of old people.B.To explain why people have negative views on old age.C.To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D.To identify the various problems of old age.A.Help people change their feelings about old age.B.Reveal that old people are poor, lonely and unhapp
12、y.C.Lead people to find that old people are unattractive.D.Lead people to help old people deal with their sickness.A.Because old people know when they should go to the hospital.B.Because old people are healthy from their childhood to middle age.C.Because old people reaching 65 or 70 are the strong a
13、mong us.D.Because old people have kept exercising all the time.A.Family love is gradually disappearing.B.It is hard to comment on family relationship.C.More children are indifferent to their parents.D.Family love remains as strong as before.A.Because the children refuse to have parents living with t
14、hem.B.Because the children can afford to have their own homes.C.Because the parents prefer to live in nursing homes now.D.Because the parents refuse to care for their children any more.A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Ambiguous.D.Neutral.A.During the childhood.B.In the middle age.C.At the old stage.D.Through
15、out life.A.The group of old people did best in English classes.B.The old group did not perform as well as the young group.C.The young group did not perform as well as the old group.D.The group of old people did best in mathematics.A.Old-age sickness.B.Loose family ties.C.Poor mental abilities.D.Diff
16、iculties in maths.二、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：10，分数：44.00)4.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_5.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C
17、 and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer._(1)The Burmese sub-inspector and some Indian constables were waiting for me in the quarter where the elephant had been seen. We began questioning the people as to where the elephant had gone and, as usual, failed to get any definite informati
18、on. I had almost made up my mind that the whole story was a pack of lies, when we heard yells a little distance away. There was a loud cry of Go away, child!Go away this instant! and an old woman with a switch in her hand came round the corner of a hut, violently driving away a crowd of naked childr
19、en. I rounded the hut and saw a mans dead body sprawling in the mud. The people said that the elephant had come suddenly upon him round the corner of the hut, caught him with its trunk, put its foot on his back and ground him into the earth. As soon as I saw the dead man I sent an orderly to a frien
20、ds house nearby to borrow an elephant rifle. (2)The orderly came back in a few minutes with a rifle and five cartridges, and meanwhile some Burmans had arrived and told us that the elephant was in the paddy fields below, only a few hundred yards away. As I started forward practically the whole popul
21、ation of the quarter flocked out of the houses and followed me. They had seen the rifle and were all shouting excitedly that I was going to shoot the elephant. It made me vaguely uneasy. I had no intention of shooting the elephant I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary and it
22、is always unnerving to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people jostling at my heels. The elephant was standing eight yards from the road, his left side towards us. He took not the slightest no
23、tice of the crowds approach. He was tearing up bunches of grass, beating them against his knees to clean them and stuffing them into his mouth. (3)I had halted on the road. As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him. It is a serious matter to shoot a wo
24、rking elephant it is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machinery and obviously one ought not to do it if it can possibly be avoided. And at that distance peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow. I thought then and I think now that his attack of must was
25、already passing off: in which case he would merely wander harmlessly about until his owner came back and caught him. Moreover, I did not in the least want to shoot him. I decided that I would watch him for a little while to make sure that he did not turn savage again, and then go home. (4)But at tha
26、t moment, I glanced round at the crowd that had followed me. It was an immense crowd, two thousand at the least and growing every minute. It blocked the road for a long distance on either side. I looked at the sea of yellow faces above the garish clothes faces all happy and excited over this bit of
27、fun, all certain that the elephant was going to be shot. They were watching me as they would watch a conjuror about to perform a trick. And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all: The people expected it of me and I had got to do it: I would feel their two thousand wil
28、ls pressing me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the White mans dominion in the East. Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd seemingly the l
29、eading actor of the piece: but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized fi
30、gure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the natives, and so in every crisis he has got to do what the natives expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it. I had got to shoot the elephant. I had committed myself to doing
31、it when I sent for the rifle. A sahib has got to act like a sahib: he has got to appear resolute, to know his own mind and do definite things. To come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail feebly away, having done nothing no, that was impossibl
32、e. The crowd would laugh at me. And my whole life, every white mans life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at. (5)But I did not want to shoot the elephant. I watched him beating his bunch of grass against his knees, with that preoccupied grandmotherly air that elephants have. It s
33、eemed to me that it would be murder to shoot him. At that age I was not squeamish about killing animals, but I had never shot an elephant and never wanted to.(Somehow it always seems worse to kill a large animal.)Besides, there was the beasts owner to be considered. Alive, the elephant was worth at
34、least a hundred pounds: dead, he would only be worth the value of his tusks, five pounds, possibly. But I had got to act quickly. I turned to some experienced-looking Burmans who had been there when we arrived, and asked them how the elephant had been behaving. They all said the same thing: he took
35、no notice of you if you left him alone, but he might charge if you went too close to him.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following arguments against shooting the elephant is not mentioned by the author?（分数：2.00）A.It was worth a great deal of money.B.It deliberately avoided eating the growing rice.C.It was
36、 domesticated and his owner hadnt come back.D.Its attack of temporary frenzy was passing away.(2).The following words are used literally EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.perfect in As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that. (Para. 3)B.blocked in It blocked the road for a long distance on eith
37、er side.(Para. 4)C.sea in I looked at the sea of yellow faces above the garish clothes.(Para. 4)D.futility in . the futility of the White mans dominion in the East.(Para. 4)(3).A sahib has got to act like a sahib(Para. 4)means that the civil servant in Asia（分数：2.00）A.had to do what his own class exp
38、ected his mind to do.B.could never appear to change his mind in public.C.had to put a bold face on events.D.always needed to act cruelly in public.(4).The essential point of the story is that（分数：2.00）A.the author regretted the streak of cruelty that had led him to shoot the elephant.B.the author had
39、 to defend the Burmese crow by shooting the elephant.C.circumstances can lead men to do more extreme actions than were necessary.D.the ruling class has to behave in the way the conquered expect them to behave.(1)Criminology has treated womens role in crime with a large measure of indifference. The i
40、ntellectual tradition from which criminology derives its conception of these sexes maintains esteem for mens autonomy, intelligence and force of character while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. Women who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers benefit
41、 men and society. Those women who dont, that is, are non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or practices, or one who engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women are doubly damned and doubly deviant. They are seen as mad not bad. The
42、se behaviors frequently lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the very act, are never defined as other, but are the norm. As men are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined in reference to men. In the words of Young, sexual difference is
43、 one of the ways in which normal is marked out from deviant. So why do these differences exist within the criminal justice system and society as a whole? In order to understand why offending and punishment differs between genders it is important to acknowledge and analyze past perceptions, theories
44、and perspectives from predominant sociologists and criminologists of that time towards women in society. (2)Up until the turn of the century, women were primarily perceived as sexual objects and expected to remain within male dominated ideologies such as homemaker, carer and nurturer taking second p
45、lace after men. Women who strayed from the norm were severely punished, void of any opportunities to explain their actions. Perhaps interventions from Elizabeth Fry in the early nineteenth century campaigning for women to be housed in separate prisons from men and offered rehabilitation could be mar
46、ked as the starting point for intense studies being conducted into relationships between women and crime. The conception at that time was that women must be protected from, rather than held responsible for their criminal actions. Unfortunately, such intervention only caused coaxing rather than coercion, that is, women became segregated even more as individual members of their community. (3)Later in the late nineteenth century, Lombroso and Ferrero w
