1、专业英语八级-试卷871及答案解析 (总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on A
2、NSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._Cultural Differences between East and West
3、I. Factors leading to the cultural differencesA. Different culture【T1】 1【T1】 2 Eastern culture:a)China: Yellow Riverb)India:【T2】 3【T2】 4 European culture:a)Base: Ancient Greece and Ancient Romeb)European culture crossed over the【T3】 5【T3】 6B. Different language systems Eastern: mostly belonging to p
4、ictographic language Western: mostly based on【T4】 7【T4】 8C. Other factors: different【T5】 9【T5】 10 infrequent【T6】 11between the East and West【T6】 12a)far distance and the steep areab)no【T7】 13 from each other【T7】 14II. Different behavior in peoples daily lifeA【T8】 15【T8】 16 the Chinese greeting:a)que
5、stions about whether you have your meal or notb)questions about where you are goingc)two gentlemen greet with【T9】 17【T9】 18 the Western greeting:a)with a smile or with a Hib)shaking hands only in formal situations B. Expressing gratitude the Eastern way:a)rarely say Thank you, otherwise, youre【T10】
6、19【T10】 20b)an exception:【T11】 21(11) the Western way:a)thank you is the most【T12】 22phrases【T12】 23III. How to handle culture gapA. No【T13】 24 any of the cultures【T13】 25 every nation has its own【T14】 26(14) we should pay equal respect for each cultureB. Learning how to coordinate different culture
7、s by avoiding【T15】 27【T15】 28C. Starting to communicate by taking in strong points from the foreign cultures（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1
8、:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(11).【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(12).【T12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(15).【T15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_3.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of
9、 each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSW
10、ER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions._A.75% of them.B.40% of them.C.35% of them.D.17.5% of them.A.Less promotion space.B.Competitions in their current situation.C.Dissatisfaction with their income.D.Unsatisfactory colleagues.A.All year long.B.At the beginning of the year.C.A
11、t the end of the year.D.In the middle of the year.A.The housing sector.B.The tourism sector.C.The manufacturing sector.D.The service sector.A.Neither good nor bad.B.Bright.C.Disappointing.D.Gloomy.A.Keep their paycheck and benefits.B.Do some soul searching.C.Ask for advice from their friends.D.Chang
12、e the job immediately.A.Their paycheck.B.Their benefits.C.The work-life balance.D.The advancement prospect.A.One minute.B.Half a minute.C.20 seconds.D.10 seconds.A.145 resumes.B.154 resumes.C.245 resumes.D.345 resumes.A.To provide some fine pictures.B.To keep it concrete and detailed.C.To use highli
13、ghts and italics in format.D.To customize it for different employers.二、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：10，分数：44.00)4.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_5.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice questio
14、n, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer._(1)When I was 10 years old one of my fathers customers had caught a big catfish on a weekend trip to the Colorado River. It weighed 86 pounds, a swollen, gasping, grotesque netherworld creatu
15、re pulled writhing and fighting up into the bright, hot, dusty world above. (2)The man had brought the fish, wrapped in wet burlap, all the way out to my fathers service station in the back of his car. We were to have a big barbecue that weekend, and I was given the job of keeping the fish watered a
16、nd alive until the time came to kill and cook it. (3)All day long that Friday in late August, school had not yet started I knelt beside the gasping fish and kept it hosed down with a trickle of cool water, giving the fish life one silver gasp at a time, keeping its gills and its slick gray skin wet:
17、 the steady trickling of that hose, and nothing else, helping it stay alive. We had no tub large enough to hold the fish, and so I squatted beside it in the dust, resting on my heels, and studied it as I moved the silver stream of water up and down its back. (4)The fish, in turn, studied me with its
18、 eyes, which had a gold lining to their perimeter, like pyrite. The fish panted and watched me while the heat built all around us, rising steadily through the day from the fields, giving birth in the summer-blue sky to towering white clouds. I grew dizzy in the heat, and from the strange combination
19、 of the unblinking monotony and utter fascination of my task, until the trickling from my hose seemed to be inflating those clouds I seemed to be watering those clouds as one would water a garden. Do you ever think that those days were different that we had more time for such thoughts, that time had
20、 not yet been corrupted? I am speaking less of childhood than of the general nature of the world we are living in. If you are the age I am now mid-50s then maybe you know what I mean. (5)The water pooled and spread across the gravel parking lot before running in wandering rivulets out into the field
21、 beyond, where bright butterflies swarmed and fluttered, dabbing at the mud I was making. (6)Throughout the afternoon, some of the adults who were showing up wandered over to examine the monstrosity. Among them was an older boy, Jack, a 15-year-old who had been kicked out of school the year before f
22、or fighting. Jack waited until no adults were around and then came by and said that he wanted the fish, that it was his fathers that his father had been the one who had caught it and that he would give me five dollars if I would let him have it (7)No, I said, my father told me to take care of it. (8
23、)Jack had me figured straightaway for a Goody Two-Shoes. Theyre just going to kill it, he said. Its mine. Give it to me and Ill let it go. I swear I will, he said Give it to me or Ill beat you up. (9)As if intuiting or otherwise discerning trouble though trouble followed Jack, and realizing that did
24、 not require much foresight my father appeared from around the corner, and asked us how everything was going. Jack, scowling but saying nothing, tipped his cap at the fish but not at my father or me, and walked away. (10)What did he want? my father asked (11)Nothing, I said. He was just looking at t
25、he fish. I knew that if I told on Jack and he got in trouble, I would get beaten. (12)Did he say it was his fish? my father asked. Was he trying to claim it? (13)I think he said his father caught it (14)His father owes us $67, my father said He gave me the fish instead. Dont let Jack take that fish
26、back. (15)I wont, I said. (16)I cant remember if Ive mentioned that, while not poor, we were right at the edge of poor. (17)The dusty orange sky faded to the cool purple-blue of dusk. Stars appeared and fireflies emerged from the grass. I watched them, and listened to the drum and groan of the bullf
27、rogs in the stock tank in the field below, and to the bellowing of the cattle. I kept watering the fish, and the fish kept watching me, with its gasps coming harder. From time to time I saw Jack loitering, but he didnt come back over to where I was. (18)Later in the evening, before dark, but only ba
28、rely, a woman I thought was probably Jacks mother I had seen her talking to him came walking over and crouched beside me. She was dressed as if for a party of far greater celebration than ours, with sequins on her dress, and flat leather sandals. Her toenails were painted bright red, but her pale fe
29、et were speckled with dust as if she had been walking a long time. I could smell the whiskey on her breath, and on her clothes, I thought, and I hoped she would not try to engage me in conversation, though such was not to be my fortune. (19)Thiss a big fish, she said (20)Yes, maam, I said, quietly.
30、I dreaded that she was going to ask for the fish back. (21)My boy and my old man caught that fish, she said Youll see. Gonna have their pictures in the newspaper. She paused and stared at the fish as if in labored communication with it That fish is worth a lot of money, you know? she said. (22)I did
31、nt say anything. Her diction and odor were such that I would not take my first sip of alcohol until I was 22.（分数：8.00）(1).The authors behavior of guarding the fish showed（分数：2.00）A.bravery and self-control.B.wisdom and responsibility.C.devotion and romance.D.chivalry and charity.(2).From the fourth
32、paragraph, we get the impression that（分数：2.00）A.the author cherished his childhood memories.B.the author spent much time in daydreaming.C.the author may not have a happy childhoodD.the author cant remember his childhood days.(3).Jack had me figured straightaway for a Goody Two-Shoes.(Paragraph Eight
33、)means that（分数：2.00）A.I was not the boy as Jack supposed to be.B.I was much stingier than Jack thought.C.I was viewed as virtuous and righteous.D.I was irritating and foolish in Jacks eyes.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that Jack was all EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.cunning.B.bad-tempered.C.rude.D.cons
34、iderate.(1)Improving the balance between the working part of the day and the rest of it is a goal of a growing number of workers in rich Western countries. Some are turning away from the ideals of their parents, for whom work always came first: others with scarce skills are demanding more because th
35、ey know they can get it. Employers, caught between a falling population of workers and tight controls on immigration, are eager to identify extra perks that will lure more talent their way. Just now they are focusing on benefits(especially flexible working)that offer employees more than just pay. (2
36、)Some companies saw the change of mood some time ago. IBM has more than 50 different programmes promoting work-life balance and Bank of America over 30. But plenty of other firms remain unconvinced and many lack the capacity to cater to such ideas even if they wanted to. Helen Murlis, with Hay Group
37、, a human-resources consultancy, sees a widening gap between firms at the creative end of employment and those that are not. (3)The chief component of almost all schemes to promote work-life balance is flexible working. This allows people to escape rigid nine-to-five schedules and work away from a f
38、ormal office. IBM says that 40% of its employees today work off the company premises. For many businesses, flexible working is a necessity. Globalization has spread the hours in which workers need to communicate with each other and increased the call for flexible shifts. (4)Nella Barkley, an America
39、n who advises companies on work-life balance, says that large firms are beginning to understand the value of such schemes, but only slowly. For most of them, they still mean little more than child care, health care and flexible working. (5)Yet some schemes go well beyond these first steps. American
40、Century Investments, an investment manager in Kansas City, pays adoption expenses and the cost of home-fitness equipment for its employees. Rob Marcolina, a consultant with Bain & Company based in Los Angeles, was allowed time off to marry his partner in Canada Mr Marcolina, who has an MBA from the
41、high-ranked Kellogg business school, says his employers understanding makes him want to be part of Bain for some time. (6)Businesses have other good reasons for improving employees work-life balance. Wegmans Food Markets, a grocery chain based in Rochester, New York, frequently appears near the top
42、of lists of the best employers in America It has a broad range of flexible-work programmes, which gives it one of the lowest rates of employment turnover in its industry 8% a year for full-time workers, compared with 19% across the industry. (7)Simple programmes can be surprisingly cost-effective. I
43、BM, for instance, is spending $50m over five years on dependant-care facilities for its employees. Although that sounds generous, it is the e-quivalent of little more than $30 for each IBM employee every year. That is far cheaper than a pay rise and probably a better way to retain talented mothers a
44、nd fathers. Ernst & Young, a global accounting firm, has a low-cost range of initiatives called People First. It provides breaks for people to provide care and has over 2,300 flexi-time employees in the United States. James Freer, a senior executive, says he is absolutely convinced the initiatives h
45、elp produce better financial results. (8)DeAnne Aguirre, a mother of four and a senior partner in San Francisco with Booz Allen Hamil-ton(BAH), says it is easy to make the business case for work-life balance,programmes at the consultancy by looking at attrition rates. BAH calculated that it was inve
46、sting more than $2m in turning a raw recruit into a partner, an investment it should be reluctant to write off. Coming, an American glass company, reckons that it costs 1.5 times a workers salary and benefits to replace him. If it can retain just 20 workers a year who would otherwise have left, Corning reckons it would produce annual savings of $2.6m. (9)The spread of flexible work has come
