1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 859及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Self-discipline: the Foundation of Productive Living I. Issues to be noticed at the thought of self-discipline A. Troubles for som
3、e people to become more productive B. The reason: lacking of【 T1】 _ to start with【 T1】 _ C. Multiple meanings of self-discipline in different fields: the ability and【 T2】 _ in terms of productivity【 T2】 _ the ability to【 T3】 _ in personal development【 T3】 _ the ability to get up and practice by【 T4】
4、 _【 T4】 _ the power to【 T5】 _ by speaker【 T5】 _ II. The steps to become productive A. Start small, work【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ the importance of【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ the comparison between it and the use of muscle a) more failure, less motivation, difficult to solve problems b) start developing it by【 T8】 _ small p
5、roblems【 T8】 _ c) the strength of it increases gradually d) similar process to【 T9】 _ a habit rather than overcoming【 T9】 _ B. Meanwhile, the importance of accountability and 【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ rebuilding the【 T11】 _ of muscle without assistance【 T11】 _ differently, people need【 T12】 _ to gain it agai
6、n【 T12】 _ others keep you【 T13】 _ for each action and give you help【 T13】 _ a) they are to be present in your daily life and work b) for instance: partner, family, 【 T14】 _, etc【 T14】 _ III. Conclusion A. A lot of talks about the【 T15】 _ to get things done【 T15】 _ and implement systems they have mem
7、orized B. But self-discipline remains to be the foundation of living productively. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will b
8、e divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark t
9、he best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） She was engaged in another traffic accident. （ B） She had to send the other driver to the hospital. （ C） She had to look after the traffic before other police came. （ D） She was stuck in a tra
10、ffic jam for a while. （ A） Himself. （ B） Two. （ C） Three （ D） Four. （ A） Because she couldnt adjust it. （ B） Because Mr. Simpson forgot to remind her. （ C） Because there was no enough seatbelt. （ D） Because they had a long way to go. （ A） The door armrest. （ B） The dashboard. （ C） The windscreen. （
11、D） The front seat. （ A） The road side. （ B） The main road. （ C） The side street. （ D） The pedestrian crossing. （ A） Because the lighting was very good along the stretch. （ B） Because he was riding with two ladies at the moment. （ C） Because he wanted to ensure the safety of two passers-by. （ D） Beca
12、use he was a new driver who tends to be cautious. （ A） Mr. Simpsons speeding. （ B） The two pedestrians at the junction. （ C） The other drivers drunk driving. （ D） Mr. Simpsons drunk driving. （ A） A breathalyzer test. （ B） A blood test. （ C） The certainty of his claim. （ D） No smell of wine in his br
13、eath. （ A） Mr. Simpson will call the insurance company to check the car for compensation. （ B） The police will have the car towed away after the measurements of skid marks. （ C） The other driver will have the car repaired after the breathalyzer test. （ D） The car will be left there until the police
14、get the written statements. （ A） Meet his wife in the hospital. （ B） Take his wife to hospital by taxi. （ C） Write a written statement to the police. （ D） Have his damaged car repaired. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choic
15、e questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 (1) This fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonely place. Set on the southwestern edge of Iceland, the volcanic landscape is whippe
16、d by the North Atlantic winds, which hush everything around them. A sculpture at the entrance to the village depicts a naked man facing a wall of seawater twice his height. There is no movie theater, and many residents never venture to the capital, a 50-min. drive away. (2) But Sandgerdi might be th
17、e perfect place to raise girls who have mathematical talent. Government researchers two years ago tested almost every 15-year-old in Iceland for it and found that boys trailed far behind girls. That fact was unique among the 41 countries that participated in the standardized test for that age group
18、designed by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development But while Icelands girls were alone in the world in their significant lead in math, their national advantage of 15 points was small compared with the one they had over boys in fishing villages like Sandgerdi, where it was closer to
19、 30. (3) The teachers of Sandgerdis 254 students were only mildly surprised by the results. They say the gender gap is a story not of talent but motivation. Boys think of school as sufferings on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, its their ticket out of town. Margret Ingporsdot
20、tir and Hanna Maria Heidarsdottir, both 15, students at Sandgerdis gleaming schoolwhich has a science laboratory, a computer room and a well-stocked libraryhave no doubt that they are headed for university. “I think I will be a pharmacist,“ says Heidarsdottir. The teens sat in principal Gudjon Krist
21、janssons office last week, waiting for a ride to the nearby town of Kevlavik, where they were competing in West Icelands yearly math contest, one of many throughout Iceland in which girls excel. (4) Meanwhile, by the harbor, Gisli Tor Hauksson, 14, already has big plans that dont require spending hi
22、s afternoons toiling over geometry. “Ill be a fisherman,“ he says, just like most of his ancestors. His father recently returned home from 60 days at sea off the coast of Norway. “He came back with 1.1 million krona,“ about $18,000, says Hauksson. As for school, he says, “it destroys the brain.“ He
23、intends to quit at 16, the earliest age at which he can do so legally. “A boy sees his older brother who has been at sea for only two years and has a better car and a bigger house than the headmaster,“ says Kristjansson. (5) But the story of female achievement in Iceland doesnt necessarily have a ha
24、ppy ending. Educators have found that when girls leave their rural enclaves to attend universities in the nations cities, their science advantage generally shrinks. While 61% of university students are women, they make up only one-third of Icelands science students. By the time they enter the labor
25、market, many are overtaken by men, who become doctors, engineers and computer technicians. Educators say they watch many bright girls suddenly flinch back in the face of real, head-to-head competition with boys. In a math class at a Reykjavik school, Asgeir Gurdmundsson, 17, says that although girls
26、 were consistently brighter than boys at school, “they just seem to leave the technical jobs to us.“ Says Solrun Gensdottir, the director of education at the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture: “We have to find a way to stop girls from dropping out of sciences.“ (6) Teachers across the count
27、ry have begun to experiment with ways to raise boys to the level of girls in elementary and secondary education. The high school in Kevlavfk tried an experiment in 2002 and 2003, separating 16-to-20-year-olds by gender for two years. That time the boys slipped even further behind. “The boys said the
28、 girls were better anyway,“ says Kristjan Asmundsson, who taught the 25 boys. “They didnt even try.“ 26 Which of the following word can best describe Sandgerdi? （ A） Desolate. （ B） Poor. （ C） Bustling. （ D） Thriving. 27 The fifth paragraph suggests that in the field of science _. （ A） women have adv
29、antages over men in competition （ B） women tend to be in a less embarrassing level （ C） men are playing more important roles （ D） men are one third less than women in number 28 Girls flinch back in the competition with boys most probably because _. （ A） they are short of confidence in themselves （ B
30、） employers often prefer boys to take technical jobs （ C） they have poorer performance in technical jobs （ D） they are willing to leave technical jobs to boys 29 Which of the following is the best title for this passage? （ A） A Village in Iceland （ B） A Land Where Girls Rule in Math （ C） Boys Clever
31、er Than Girls? （ D） Science Students in Sandgerdi 29 (1) Considering that anxiety makes your palms sweat, your heart race, and your brain seize up like a car with a busted transmission, its no wonder people reach for the Xanax to vanquish it. But in a surprise, researchers who study emotion regulati
32、onhow we cope, or fail to cope, with the daily swirl of feelingsare discovering that many anxious people are bound and determined (though not always consciously) to cultivate anxiety. The reason, studies suggest, is that for some people anxiety boosts cognitive performance. (2) In one recent study,
33、psychologist Maya Tamir of Hebrew University in Jerusalem gave 47 undergraduates a standard test of neuroticism, which asks people if they agree with such statements as “I get stressed out easily.“ She then presented the volunteers with a list of tasks, either difficult (giving a speech, taking a te
34、st) or easy (washing dishes), and asked which emotion they would prefer to be feeling before each. The more neurotic subjects were significantly more likely to choose feeling worried before a demanding task; non-neurotic subjects chose other emotions. Apparently, the neurotics had a good reason to o
35、pt for anxiety: when Tamir gave everyone anagrams to solve, the neurotics who had just written about an event that had caused them anxiety did better than neurotics who had recalled a happier memory. Among non-neurotics, putting themselves in an anxious frame of mind had no effect on performance. (3
36、) In other people, anxiety is not about usefulness but familiarity, finds psychology researcher Brett Ford of the University of Denver. She measured the “trait emotions“ (feelings people tend to have most of the time) of 139 undergraduates, using a questionnaire that lists emotions and asks “to what
37、 extent you feel this way in general.“ She then grouped the students into those characterized by “trait fear“ (those who tended to be anxious, worried, or nervous), “trait anger“ (chronically angry, irritated, or annoyed), and “trait happy“ (the cheerful, joyful gang). Six months later, the voluntee
38、rs returned to Fords lab. This time she gave them a list of emotions and asked which they wanted to experience. Not surprisingly, the cheerful bunch wanted to be happy. But in a shock for those who think anyone who is chronically anxious cant wait to get their hands on some Ativan (氯羟安定 ), those wit
39、h “trait fear“ said they wanted to be worried and nervouseven though it felt subjectively unpleasant. (The “trait angry“ students tended to prefer feeling the same way, too.) Wanting to feel an emotion is not the same thing as enjoying that emotion, points out neuroscientist Kent Berridge of the Uni
40、versity of Michigan, who discovered that wanting and liking are mediated by two distinct sets of neurotransmitters. (4) In some cases, the need to experience anxiety can lead to a state that looks very much like addiction to anxiety. “There are people who have extreme agitation, but they cant unders
41、tand why,“ says psychiatrist Harris Stratyner of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. They therefore latch on to any cause to explain what theyre feeling. That rationalization doubles back and exacerbates the anxiety. “Some people,“ he adds, “get addicted to feeling anxious because thats the
42、state that theyve always known. If they feel a sense of calm, they get bored; they feel empty inside. They want to feel anxious.“ Notice he didnt say “like.“ 30 Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is TRUE? （ A） The more neurotic subjects tended to choose a more challenging t
43、ask. （ B） Anxiety made no impact on the performance of non-neurotic subjects. （ C） The neurotic subjects are better than non-neurotic subjects on anagrams solving. （ D） The non-neurotic subjects often recall their happy memory in their daily life. 31 The sentence “anxiety is not about usefulness but
44、 familiarity“ in the third paragraph means that_. （ A） the fact that anxiety is useless is familiar to the neurotics （ B） anxiety is a psychological tendency for the neurotics （ C） it is common for people to fall victim to anxiety （ D） anxiety is a kind of pleasant feeling for the neurotics 32 Some
45、people are addicted to anxiety because_. （ A） they consider the state of anxiety as a normal situation （ B） they enjoy being in the state of feeling anxious （ C） they have negative attitudes towards life （ D） anxiety keeps them bored and empty inside 32 (1) A period of climate change about 130,000 y
46、ears ago would have made water travel easier by lowering sea levels and creating navigable lakes and rivers in the Arabian Peninsula, the study says. Such a shift would have offered early modern humanswhich arose in Africa about 200,000 years agoa new route through the formerly scorching northern de
47、serts into the Middle East. The new paper was spurred by the discovery of several 120,000-year-old tools at a desert archaeological site in the United Arab Emirates. The presence of the toolswhose design is uniquely African, experts sayso early in the region suggests early humans marched out of Afri
48、ca into the Arabian Peninsula directly from the Horn of Africa, roughly present-day Somalia. Previously, scientists had thought humans first left via the Nile Valley or the Far East. (2) “Up till now we thought of cultural developments leading to the opportunity of people to move out of Africa,“ sai
49、d study co-author Hans-Peter Uerpmann, a retired archaeobiologist at the University of Tubingen in Germany. “Now we see, I think, that it was the environment that was the key to this,“ Uerpmann said during a press briefing Wednesday. (3) The discovery “leaves a lot of possibilities for human migrations, and keeping this in mind, might change our view completely.“ Du
