1、专业英语八级-试卷859及答案解析 (总分：142.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on A
2、NSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._Self-discipline: the Foundation of Producti
3、ve LivingI. Issues to be noticed at the thought of self-disciplineA. Troubles for some people to become more productiveB. The reason: lacking of【T1】 1 to start with【T1】 2C. Multiple meanings of self-discipline in different fields:the ability and【T2】 3 in terms of productivity【T2】 4the ability to【T3】
4、 5 in personal development【T3】 6the ability to get up and practice by【T4】 7【T4】 8the power to【T5】 9 by speaker【T5】 10II. The steps to become productiveA. Start small, work【T6】 11【T6】 12the importance of【T7】 13【T7】 14the comparison between it and the use of musclea) more failure, less motivation, dif
5、ficult to solve problemsb) start developing it by【T8】 15 small problems【T8】 16c) the strength of it increases graduallyd) similar process to【T9】 17 a habit rather than overcoming【T9】 18B. Meanwhile, the importance of accountability and【T10】 19【T10】 20rebuilding the【T11】 21 of muscle without assistan
6、ce【T11】 22differently, people need【T12】 23 to gain it again【T12】 24others keep you【T13】 25 for each action and give you help【T13】 26a) they are to be present in your daily life and workb) for instance: partner, family, 【T14】 27, etc【T14】 28III. ConclusionA. A lot of talks about the【T15】 29 to get th
7、ings done【T15】 30and implement systems they have memorizedB. But self-discipline remains to be the foundation of living productively.（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空
8、项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(11).【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(12).【T12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(15).【T15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_3.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into
9、 TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer
10、 to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions._A.She was engaged in another traffic accident.B.She had to send the other driver to the hospital.C.She had to look after the traffic before other police came.D.She was stuck in a traffic jam for a while.A.Himself
11、.B.Two.C.ThreeD.Four.A.Because she couldnt adjust it.B.Because Mr. Simpson forgot to remind her.C.Because there was no enough seatbelt.D.Because they had a long way to go.A.The door armrest.B.The dashboard.C.The windscreen.D.The front seat.A.The road side.B.The main road.C.The side street.D.The pede
12、strian crossing.A.Because the lighting was very good along the stretch.B.Because he was riding with two ladies at the moment.C.Because he wanted to ensure the safety of two passers-by.D.Because he was a new driver who tends to be cautious.A.Mr. Simpsons speeding.B.The two pedestrians at the junction
13、.C.The other drivers drunk driving.D.Mr. Simpsons drunk driving.A.A breathalyzer test.B.A blood test.C.The certainty of his claim.D.No smell of wine in his breath.A.Mr. Simpson will call the insurance company to check the car for compensation.B.The police will have the car towed away after the measu
14、rements of skid marks.C.The other driver will have the car repaired after the breathalyzer test.D.The car will be left there until the police get the written statements.A.Meet his wife in the hospital.B.Take his wife to hospital by taxi.C.Write a written statement to the police.D.Have his damaged ca
15、r repaired.二、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：44.00)4.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_5.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D.
16、 Choose the one that you think is the best answer._(1) This fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonely place. Set on the southwestern edge of Iceland, the volcanic landscape is whipped by the North Atlantic winds, which hush everything around them. A sculpture at the entrance to the villa
17、ge depicts a naked man facing a wall of seawater twice his height. There is no movie theater, and many residents never venture to the capital, a 50-min. drive away. (2) But Sandgerdi might be the perfect place to raise girls who have mathematical talent. Government researchers two years ago tested a
18、lmost every 15-year-old in Iceland for it and found that boys trailed far behind girls. That fact was unique among the 41 countries that participated in the standardized test for that age group designed by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development But while Icelands girls were alone i
19、n the world in their significant lead in math, their national advantage of 15 points was small compared with the one they had over boys in fishing villages like Sandgerdi, where it was closer to 30. (3) The teachers of Sandgerdis 254 students were only mildly surprised by the results. They say the g
20、ender gap is a story not of talent but motivation. Boys think of school as sufferings on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, its their ticket out of town. Margret Ingporsdottir and Hanna Maria Heidarsdottir, both 15, students at Sandgerdis gleaming schoolwhich has a science labo
21、ratory, a computer room and a well-stocked libraryhave no doubt that they are headed for university. I think I will be a pharmacist, says Heidarsdottir. The teens sat in principal Gudjon Kristjanssons office last week, waiting for a ride to the nearby town of Kevlavik, where they were competing in W
22、est Icelands yearly math contest, one of many throughout Iceland in which girls excel. (4) Meanwhile, by the harbor, Gisli Tor Hauksson, 14, already has big plans that dont require spending his afternoons toiling over geometry. Ill be a fisherman, he says, just like most of his ancestors. His father
23、 recently returned home from 60 days at sea off the coast of Norway. He came back with 1.1 million krona, about $18,000, says Hauksson. As for school, he says, it destroys the brain. He intends to quit at 16, the earliest age at which he can do so legally. A boy sees his older brother who has been a
24、t sea for only two years and has a better car and a bigger house than the headmaster, says Kristjansson. (5) But the story of female achievement in Iceland doesnt necessarily have a happy ending. Educators have found that when girls leave their rural enclaves to attend universities in the nations ci
25、ties, their science advantage generally shrinks. While 61% of university students are women, they make up only one-third of Icelands science students. By the time they enter the labor market, many are overtaken by men, who become doctors, engineers and computer technicians. Educators say they watch
26、many bright girls suddenly flinch back in the face of real, head-to-head competition with boys. In a math class at a Reykjavik school, Asgeir Gurdmundsson, 17, says that although girls were consistently brighter than boys at school, they just seem to leave the technical jobs to us. Says Solrun Gensd
27、ottir, the director of education at the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture: We have to find a way to stop girls from dropping out of sciences. (6) Teachers across the country have begun to experiment with ways to raise boys to the level of girls in elementary and secondary education. The hig
28、h school in Kevlavfk tried an experiment in 2002 and 2003, separating 16-to-20-year-olds by gender for two years. That time the boys slipped even further behind. The boys said the girls were better anyway, says Kristjan Asmundsson, who taught the 25 boys. They didnt even try.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of th
29、e following word can best describe Sandgerdi?（分数：2.00）A.Desolate.B.Poor.C.Bustling.D.Thriving.(2).The fifth paragraph suggests that in the field of science _.（分数：2.00）A.women have advantages over men in competitionB.women tend to be in a less embarrassing levelC.men are playing more important rolesD
30、.men are one third less than women in number(3).Girls flinch back in the competition with boys most probably because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are short of confidence in themselvesB.employers often prefer boys to take technical jobsC.they have poorer performance in technical jobsD.they are willing to leave
31、technical jobs to boys(4).Which of the following is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.A Village in IcelandB.A Land Where Girls Rule in MathC.Boys Cleverer Than Girls?D.Science Students in Sandgerdi(1) Considering that anxiety makes your palms sweat, your heart race, and your brain seize up
32、like a car with a busted transmission, its no wonder people reach for the Xanax to vanquish it. But in a surprise, researchers who study emotion regulationhow we cope, or fail to cope, with the daily swirl of feelingsare discovering that many anxious people are bound and determined (though not alway
33、s consciously) to cultivate anxiety. The reason, studies suggest, is that for some people anxiety boosts cognitive performance. (2) In one recent study, psychologist Maya Tamir of Hebrew University in Jerusalem gave 47 undergraduates a standard test of neuroticism, which asks people if they agree wi
34、th such statements as I get stressed out easily. She then presented the volunteers with a list of tasks, either difficult (giving a speech, taking a test) or easy (washing dishes), and asked which emotion they would prefer to be feeling before each. The more neurotic subjects were significantly more
35、 likely to choose feeling worried before a demanding task; non-neurotic subjects chose other emotions. Apparently, the neurotics had a good reason to opt for anxiety: when Tamir gave everyone anagrams to solve, the neurotics who had just written about an event that had caused them anxiety did better
36、 than neurotics who had recalled a happier memory. Among non-neurotics, putting themselves in an anxious frame of mind had no effect on performance. (3) In other people, anxiety is not about usefulness but familiarity, finds psychology researcher Brett Ford of the University of Denver. She measured
37、the trait emotions (feelings people tend to have most of the time) of 139 undergraduates, using a questionnaire that lists emotions and asks to what extent you feel this way in general. She then grouped the students into those characterized by trait fear (those who tended to be anxious, worried, or
38、nervous), trait anger (chronically angry, irritated, or annoyed), and trait happy (the cheerful, joyful gang). Six months later, the volunteers returned to Fords lab. This time she gave them a list of emotions and asked which they wanted to experience. Not surprisingly, the cheerful bunch wanted to
39、be happy. But in a shock for those who think anyone who is chronically anxious cant wait to get their hands on some Ativan (氯羟安定), those with trait fear said they wanted to be worried and nervouseven though it felt subjectively unpleasant. (The trait angry students tended to prefer feeling the same
40、way, too.) Wanting to feel an emotion is not the same thing as enjoying that emotion, points out neuroscientist Kent Berridge of the University of Michigan, who discovered that wanting and liking are mediated by two distinct sets of neurotransmitters. (4) In some cases, the need to experience anxiet
41、y can lead to a state that looks very much like addiction to anxiety. There are people who have extreme agitation, but they cant understand why, says psychiatrist Harris Stratyner of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. They therefore latch on to any cause to explain what theyre feeling. That
42、 rationalization doubles back and exacerbates the anxiety. Some people, he adds, get addicted to feeling anxious because thats the state that theyve always known. If they feel a sense of calm, they get bored; they feel empty inside. They want to feel anxious. Notice he didnt say like.（分数：6.00）(1).Wh
43、ich of the following statements about the second paragraph is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.The more neurotic subjects tended to choose a more challenging task.B.Anxiety made no impact on the performance of non-neurotic subjects.C.The neurotic subjects are better than non-neurotic subjects on anagrams solving.D.T
44、he non-neurotic subjects often recall their happy memory in their daily life.(2).The sentence anxiety is not about usefulness but familiarity in the third paragraph means that_.（分数：2.00）A.the fact that anxiety is useless is familiar to the neuroticsB.anxiety is a psychological tendency for the neuro
45、ticsC.it is common for people to fall victim to anxietyD.anxiety is a kind of pleasant feeling for the neurotics(3).Some people are addicted to anxiety because_.（分数：2.00）A.they consider the state of anxiety as a normal situationB.they enjoy being in the state of feeling anxiousC.they have negative a
46、ttitudes towards lifeD.anxiety keeps them bored and empty inside(1) A period of climate change about 130,000 years ago would have made water travel easier by lowering sea levels and creating navigable lakes and rivers in the Arabian Peninsula, the study says. Such a shift would have offered early modern humanswhich arose in Africa about 200,000 years agoa new route th
