1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 253及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Research shows that everyone dreams quite frequently every night. We usually remember just the last dream
3、 that we had before【 1】 . When we are dreaming, our【 2】are moving. If a person is prevented from dreaming but allowed to sleep, he or she becomes very up set. So we need to dream. Why do we dream? one explanation is that when the mind doesnt have to think about every day matters it is free to think
4、about the deeper concerns. It doesnt have to be【 3】and sensible. We have to represent out anxieties, fears and hopes through【 4】 . Freud believed that the conscious mind tries to control and cover up the enormous feeling, and that the unconscious feelings that we try to cover up are largely【 5】 . Th
5、e unconscious mind had to【 6】 its feeling to express its wishes. Jung was interested in world of religions and in【 7】 and spiritual ideas. He believed that our personalities are divided into three parts, the conscious, the unconscious, and the “【 8】 unconscious“, and that everyone has another, insid
6、e person in himself or herself, cared “anima“. Womens animus is【 9】 forceful and decisive. Language of dreams. Usually the only person who can really find the meaning behind a dream is the person who had the dream. But there are several common symbols we share with others. When you dreamed of flying
7、, perhaps you have an【 10】 complex, or you are trying to escape from your problems. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
8、Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What sort of children attend Mrs. Leechs school? （ A） Naughty and violent. （ B） Slow and retarded. （ C） Wicked but clev
9、er. （ D） Deserted but aggressive. 12 From the organized fights, Mrs. Leech expects the children _. （ A） to learn to keep the rules （ B） to learn what it is like to lose （ C） to learn how to win or lose gracefully （ D） to learn how to win out of defeat 13 According to Mrs. Leech, an aggressive child
10、usually does NOT _. （ A） come from a large family （ B） want to be shouted at （ C） get enough attention （ D） like to sum other others up 14 What does Mrs. Leech say about the classes in her school? （ A） There are five or six groups in each class. （ B） There are 30 to 40 children in each class. （ C） T
11、here are five or six children in each class. （ D） There are 13 to 14 children in each class. 15 Schools like hers are important to society because _. （ A） each of the children gets individual attention here every day （ B） a lot of children can have a chance to make good here （ C） all the juvenile de
12、linquents get punished here （ D） children at the age of 16 can join the unit SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the q
13、uestions. 16 The price of crude oil futures in New York _. （ A） dropped by 6% （ B） dropped by 42 dollars （ C） rose by 6% （ D） rose by 42 dollars 17 The price fluctuation of crude oil is caused by _. （ A） changed market demand （ B） changed OPEC policy （ C） security situation in Saudi Arabia （ D） U.S,
14、 policy toward Saudi Arabia 18 According to the proposal, by the end of next year the U.S. will reduce its troops in South Korea by _. （ A） 3,600 （ B） 12,500 （ C） 8,900 （ D） 16,100 19 According to the news, we can infer that 3,600 U.S. troops _. （ A） will be moved to Iraq by the end of next year （ B
15、） will be moved to Iraq in 3 groups （ C） will return to South Korea after the mission is finished （ D） will not return to South Korea after the mission is finished 20 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? （ A） There are altogether 15 candidates in the presidential election. （ B） A pro-Weste
16、rn reformer won more votes than any other candidate. （ C） A hard-line nationalist got 31% of the votes. （ D） There will be 2 candidates in the June 27th run-off election. 20 We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals
17、too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were pair
18、ed so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is
19、that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes
20、in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is on
21、e of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuue response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding the
22、m the sweetener and injecting them with a drag that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to sa
23、c charin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune
24、systems enough to kill them. 21 Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _. （ A） was strengthened （ B） was not affected （ C） was altered （ D） was weakened 22 According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to_. （ A）
25、try to control unpleasant stimuli （ B） turn off the electricity （ C） behave passively in controllable situations （ D） become abnormally suspicious 23 The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that _. （ A） they had been weakened psychological
26、ly by the saccharin （ B） the sweetener was poisonous to them （ C） their immune systems had been altered by the mind （ D） they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning 24 It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of ani mal （ A） can he weakened by conditioning （ B）
27、can be suppressed by drug injections （ C） can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin （ D） can be altered by electric shocks 24 The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the miter may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the
28、writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance th
29、at would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal positio
30、n for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and se
31、lect a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes of famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects arc only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The b
32、iographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the“ authentic“ one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is“ authorized“ b the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthoriz
33、ed“ biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the“ unauthorized “characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, e
34、ven several“ authentic“ ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “ the“ story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography. 25 According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who_. （ A） knows the subject very well and
35、yet maintains a proper distance from him （ B） is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing （ C） is independent and treats tile subject with fairness and objectivity （ D） possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject 26 Which of the following sta
36、tements is true, according to the passage? （ A） Ail authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers. （ B） An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject. （ C） No one can write a perfect biography. （ D） Authorized biographies have a wider leadership. 27 An unauthorized biography is likely
37、to attract more readers because_. （ A） it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly （ B） it contains interesting information about the subjects private life （ C） it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders （ D） it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects char aste
38、r 28 In this passage, the author focuses on _. （ A） the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job （ B） the secret of a biographer to win more readers （ C） the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biography （ D） the characteristics of different kinds of
39、 biographies 28 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important so
40、urce of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional
41、manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain out fits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or
42、 drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the co
43、stumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job inter
44、view, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about tire appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“ attributes they should c
45、onvey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine“ grooming- shorter hair, moderate use of make-up,
46、and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator con fessed, “an attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.“ 29 According to the passage, the way we dress_. （ A） provides clues for people who are critical of us （ B） indicates our likes and dislikes
47、in choosing a career （ C） has a direct influence on the way people regard us （ D） is of particular importance when we get on in age 30 From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can _. （ A） change peoples conservative att
48、itudes towards their lifestyles （ B） help young people to make friends with the opposite sex （ C） make them competitive in the job market （ D） help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships 31 According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because
49、 _. （ A） the variety of the professional clothing is too wide for them to choose （ B） women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models （ C） men are more favorably judged for managerial positions （ D） they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing 32 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） Dressing for effect. （ B） How to dress appropriately. （ C） Managerial positions and clothing. （ D） Dressing for the occasion. 32 H
