1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 255及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Jazz Jazz began in the early 20th century as a music of【 1】 _ Americans. The first 【 1】 _ jazz record was
3、 made in【 2】 ._. Jazz 【 2】 _ represents a mixture of musical elements, including the European ideas of harmony and melody, but the rhythms are more【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ in origin. Jazz has 3 notable features. First, it is 【 4】 _ in rhythm. Second, it has more 【 4】 _ than one rhythm. In other words, it is【 5
4、】 _. 【 5】 _ Third, players【 6】 _ while 【 6】 _ playing. New Orleans jazz marked a major step in jazzs development. It combined the deep emotion of the American【 7】 _ and 【 7】 _ Negro spiritual with elements of European folk music. The most obvious feature of New Orleans jazz was its more complex rhyt
5、hm. By the 1940s, thanks to the contributions made by great jazz musicians like Lester Young and Charlie Christian, jazz entered into the modern era. The new approach to rhythm even made the【 8】 _ play in a more 【 8】 _ complicated way. After the 1950s, modern jazz was further developed into “free ja
6、zz.“ Without planning beforehand, players may change the【 9】 _. 【 9】 _ of a “free jazz“ several times during a performance. Today, jazz has been widely recognized as Americas【 10】 _ music. It also 【 10】 _ influenced various kinds of music across the world. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7
7、 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foll
8、owing five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What was education like in Professor Wangs days? （ A） Students worked very hard. （ B） Students felt they needed a second degree. （ C） Education was not career-oriented. （ D） There were many specialized subjects. 12 According to Professor Wang, wh
9、at is the purpose of the present-day education? （ A） To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society. （ B） To prepare students for their future career. （ C） To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each program. （ D） To set up as many technical institutions as possible. 13 In Professor
10、Wangs opinion, technical skills_. （ A） require good education （ B） are secondary to education （ C） dont call for good education （ D） dont conflict with education 14 What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying students? （ A） Shifting from one
11、 programme to another. （ B） Working out ways to reduce student number. （ C） Emphasizing better quality of education. （ D） Setting up stricter examination standards. 15 Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT _. （ A） those who can adapt to different professi
12、ons （ B） those who have a high flexibility of mind （ C） those who are thinkers, historians and philosophers （ D） those who possess only highly specialized skills SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions th
13、at follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the news, Jose Padilla _. （ A） is an American （ B） kidnapped two U.S. citizens （ C） was born in Afghanistan （ D） received terrorist training from the Afghan government 17 A1 Qaeda leaders h
14、elped Jose Padilla _. （ A） blow up an apartment building in the U. S. （ B） gain access to sufficient natural gas and explosives （ C） prepare for a terrorist attack with natural gas （ D） store natural gas in an apartment building 18 Which of the following is NOT included as one of Padillas targets fo
15、r terrorist attack? （ A） New York City. （ B） Washington. （ C） Florida. （ D） Chicago. 19 According to the news, Iraqi Shiite militiamen have _. （ A） fought with U.S. troops （ B） broken a truce with U.S. troops （ C） clashed with Iraqi police （ D） killed 6 people during the clash 20 It can be inferred
16、that Iraqi Prime Minister was condemning _ for the cost of 200 million dollars on the country. （ A） Iraqi militants （ B） Iraqi police （ C） U.S. troops （ D） Both A and C 20 African bushmen are being given computers so they can use their skill at tracking wild animals to take part in a project that wi
17、ll help conservation and tourism. The project is being run by Louis Liebenberg, a South African tracking expert, who has teamed up with Lindsay Steventon, a computer expert. They are equipping bushmen with handheld PalmPilot computers so they can record sightings of animals in the wild. The computer
18、s, known as Cyber Trackers, can then be taken to a base and the information downloaded onto a PC. The project will create a remarkable database for scientists, who will have wildlife information collated throughout the year by bushmen whose knowledge of local animals is unrivalled. To make the syste
19、m easy to use for the largely illiterate bushmen, each type of animal is given a screen icon that corresponds to its appearance. Different breeds of the same animal are stored as sub menus, again using icons to note their distinguishing features. Once an animal is spotted and its icon is pressed, th
20、e tracker can make further observations about the creature. Option include the pace at which it is moving, what it is eating, whether it is fighting or sleeping, the condition of its droppings and its apparent state of health. If only the tracks of an animal are spotted, the bushmen can enter detail
21、s of the species and which direction it was moving in. This may lead to later sightings and additional data. When an entry is to be committed to the PalmPilots memory, the bushman presses a button and a GPS receiver stamps a position on the data. To ensure accuracy the tracker has to estimate how fa
22、r away the animal is so its position and not his is recorded. The bushmen will also use the PalmPilots to record water levels and how plants are faring. Fluctuations in either can harm animal populations. When the PalmPilot is attached to a base PC, the sightings can be downloaded and displayed on i
23、ts screen as lines showing the movement and behaviour of individual animals as well as groups. This allows movement and feeding patterns to be examined. Liebenberg hopes that as well as building a useful research tool these maps will give guidance on where tourists should be taken to optimise their
24、chances of seeing elusive animals such as leopards and rhinos. “A tracker could check on the PC where the latest sightings have been recorded and get a good idea where the best place would be to take tourists,“ he says. “It could mean that instead of having to pay for three days in the bush, tourist
25、s need only budget for two days.“ The system is now being tested on a small scale but Liebenberg says that it has already given more insight into changes in the feeding patterns of the desert species of the endangered black rhino. “What happened before was that a scientist would come down from a uni
26、versity for a few days a year, make some observations and that would be it - the total knowledge of rhino eating patterns,“ he says, “With the Cyber Tracker the bushmen were able to log where the rhinos were, what they were eating, and how much of that food was left. We found the rhinos change food
27、every couple of months as a new type of plant flourishes. It was always assumed they ate the same sorts of leaves and grass after the end of the dry season.“ “This has huge implications for rhino populations because the trackers data can show which other animals are eating what the rhinos feed on. I
28、n this ease it was kudu, a common type of antelope, which is often served in restaurants. In future, the park ranger will be able to look at the rhino population and what they are eating and , if there are too many kudu in the area, he can cull some so there is less competition for food. It may soun
29、d harsh, but kudu are common and this relative of the black rhino is not, so you dont want them to start losing condition.“ Steventon, who works for Microsoft in Seattle, wrote the software for the Cyber Tracker. He has thought about upgrading the system so it can send back data from the field but i
30、s wary about doing so. “We would love to transmit data back by radio or satellite but we. are worried it could be intercepted by poachers who would love to get their hands on this sort of information,“ he says. The Kruger National Park, the main reserve in South Africa, is seeking funding to buy the
31、 system for its trackers. A group of researchers is already using Cyber Tracker in Namibia. In Zimbabwe it is employed to monitor trees whose bark is used by local people for basket weaving. Researchers want to lead them to trees that can withstand stripping while others re- cover. To equip each res
32、earcher with a hand-help computer and the software should cost less than 500. The software in the base station will cost each national park 700. The project was the brainchild of Liebenberg, Who since a young age, has been captivated by the tracking skills of bushmen in his native South Africa. “Whe
33、n you consider one of these guys can look at a rhino print and identify the actual rhino it came from and whether it is injured, it seems crazy not to use their knowledge, “he says. “We were a little worried about how they would take to the technology but theyre unbelievably quick at getting to grip
34、s with it - far better than most of the park managers, who can be technophobic.“ The Cyber Tracker project won 50,000 funding last week in the Rolex Awards for Enterprise. The initiative was one of five award-winning projects. The others covered sea-horse preservation, ancient Bolivian textile recla
35、mation, safer kerosene lamps for houses without electricity and their first expedition to explore and map the caves at the southern end of Patagonia in Chile. 21 What data can the handheld computers NOT record? （ A） The direction in which an animal is moving. （ B） The black market value of an animal
36、s skin. （ C） Fluctuations in water levels. （ D） The apparent state of an animals health. 22 If wildlife data is transmitted by radio or satellite _. （ A） poachers will learn where rare animals are （ B） the bushmen will go on strike （ C） the Cyber Trackers will break down （ D） Microsoft will sue the
37、Kruger National Park 23 Which of the following statements does the passage support? （ A） The new scheme will eliminate the poaching in national parks. （ B） Bushmen are too poorly educated to use modem technology. （ C） Use of the CyberTracker will help to preserve rare animals. （ D） The new system ha
38、s doomed the kudu population. 24 The tone of the passage is _. （ A） scientific and factual （ B） vague and imaginative （ C） curious and enthusiastic （ D） worried and pessimistic 24 Some heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate f
39、or breast cancer dropped nearly five percent between 1989 and 1992, the largest decline since 1950. The numbers were even more dramatic for young women: between 1987 and 1992, the mortality rate plummeted nearly 18 percent among white women younger than 40. But discouraging news also surfaced: the m
40、ortality rate among black women has gone up, and the number of reported breast cancer cases is rising as well. Twenty years ago a womans lifetime risk of breast cancer was one in 12; now its one in eight. Nevertheless, were on the verge of a revolution in treating this disease. Researchers now have
41、a clear picture of how a cancer cell becomes a tumor - and how cells break free from a tumor and glide through the bloodstream to seed a new one in another part of the body. And they better understand how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow. “I think were going to get this dis
42、ease licked in my lifetime, “says Dr. Susan M. Love, director of the Revlon/U. C. L. A. Breast Cancer Center in Los Angeles. Until that time, information is a womans most powerful tool. “A cancer diagnosis isnt an emergency.“ Dr. Love says. “A patient should take time to educate herself and find out
43、 what the options are. “ Most of all, a woman needs to remember that breast cancer is not death sentence, and that more than half of all women who develop it will live at least 15 years after their diagnosis. Much of todays good news centers on refining old therapies, Heres where we stand in treatin
44、g breast cancer. Surgery and Radiation. The most dramatic change in breast cancer treatment in the past 20 years is that mastectomy - removal of the entire breast and often part of the underlying chest muscle - is no longer considered the only safe course. The chances of survival are no greater afte
45、r a mastectomy that after the less disfiguring lumpectomy - in which just the tumor is removed and the breast is left intact -followed by radiation. “There are good reasons to choose mastectomy,“ says Dr. Larry Norton, chief of breast cancer medicine Manhattans Memorial Sloan-kettring Cancer Center.
46、 “But ff youre a good candidate for lumpectomy, increasing your chances of a cure isnt one of those reasons.“ For about 30 percent of women, mastectomy is the only reasonable choice - for example, a woman with small breasts and a large tumor, or one whose tumor is disseminated throughout the breast.
47、 But concerns about which procedure to choose often have more to do with life-style and attitudes. A lumpectomy requires radiation following surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, which can mean outpatient visits five days a week for five to seven weeks. Scheduling could be a problem. Nancy Rea
48、gan, for instance, decided to have a mastectomy because radiation treatments would have taken too much time. Many women, however, choose mastectomy out of fear and lack of information. Some patients are terrified of radiation and need to understand what its really all about, says Carol Fred, a clinical social worker at U. C. L. As Rhonda Fleming Mann Resource Center for Women with Cancer. After a lumpectomy the machine that administers the treatment aims radioactive particles at the affected breast only. The treatments make most women tired and can sometimes leave the skin feeling sun
