1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 451及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Slang in English Today well discuss a common linguistic phenomenon in Englishslang. The features of slang
3、 are listed as follows: I . Slang affects the English (1)_. (1)_ A. New words added for social, scientific or artistic reasons B. Slangthe social new words troubling conservative linguists II . Slang is young peoples way of say. A. Created by (2)_ (2)_ Reason: seek social status Result: looked down
4、upon by adults considered unintelligent and (3) _ (3)_ B. The conservative view: lack of standard English due to an education deficiency C. Possible solution: use kids (4) _to help them learn standard English. (4)_ III. Slang is usually used by people of (5) _status. (5)_ A. People who do not like s
5、lang are usually prejudiced they do not want to hear other ways of talking. B. Much slang comes from (6)_. (6)_ IV. Slang equals change of language A. Change of a language is to fit the (7)_of society (7)_ e.g. : In Shakespeares time, many contractions used today were considered poor English. B. Peo
6、ple who oppose slang and new dialects of English do not realize the way people speak (8)_time; (8)_ prove themselves to be intolerant of change. C. Language will be thought of (9)_in the future: (9)_ 1. people talk via the Internet now; 2. the Internet has its own language-computer slang; e. g. : ac
7、ronyms used by the Netizens 3. cyber-slang is not accepted by conservatives; 4. it will probably appear in standard (10)_. (10)_ V .Conclusion; slang brings changes to language and prejudice against it is groundless. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.
8、 Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the talk show hostess, creative industries in
9、 the UK often attract_. （ A） young people （ B） old people （ C） postgraduates （ D） graduates 12 According to Mr. Smith, which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） One needs to work as a carpenter before doing film-editing. （ B） Useful contacts should be purchased by money. （ C） One must work
10、very hard if he/she wants to start up a creative career. （ D） The more one gets established, the fewer contacts one will have. 13 According to Mr. Smith, his social life_. （ A） is organized outside of his field of work （ B） is often established upon work collaborations （ C） is rather confined to his
11、 own family （ D） is indeed humdrum because he is completely on his own 14 According to Mr. Smith, what has changed his way of work so that it doesnt matter where he is working? （ A） The personal computer. （ B） The Internet. （ C） The advanced filming technology. （ D） The broadband. 15 During the inte
12、rview, Mr. Smith indicates that_. （ A） the creative industries in the UK are attracting creative talents from abroad （ B） the creative industries are less competitive than the traditional industries （ C） those who plan to take up creative jobs should be determined and focused （ D） creative job holde
13、rs always earn much more than those in other industries SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Members
14、of the international community urge the Sri Lankan government_. （ A） to realize national reconciliation （ B） to fight with Tamil Tiger rebels （ C） to develop national economy （ D） to enhance national security 17 What is the main purpose of the health care reform in the U. S. ? （ A） To eliminate Amer
15、icans medical cost. （ B） To offer a government option of health insurance. （ C） To reduce the profit gained by private insurers. （ D） To help Democrats win advantage over Republicans. 18 What can be inferred from what House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said? （ A） The healthcare reform has realized the final
16、 accomplishments. （ B） President Obama praised progress on the healthcare issue. （ C） All the Americans will be happy about the healthcare reform. （ D） Americans have been dominated by the health insurance industry. 19 The study in the journal Psychological Science suggests_. （ A） ones emotions can
17、influence ones facial expressions （ B） the frown-free people will never feel sad or angry （ C） ones facial expressions can influence ones emotions （ D） people can control emotions by frowning more often 20 In the experiment, the subjects were asked to read the following statements concerning all EXC
18、EPT_. （ A） going to Disney （ B） losing a big fortune （ C） enduring pushy telemarketers （ D） lacking birthday wishes 20 Considering how jazz is transcribed in Chinese (jueshi), you may be misled into assuming that it is an aristocratic cultural form. Nothing could be further from the truth. It origin
19、ated among black Americans at the end of the 19th century, at a time when they occupied the very bottom of the American social heap. So how has something that was created by a once downtrodden and despised minority acquired a central place in todays American culture? Mr. Darrell A. Jenks, director o
20、f the American Center for Educational Exchange, and also a drummer in the jazz band Window, analyses the phenomenon for us here. Perhaps the essence of America is that you could never get two Americans to agree on just what that might be. After thinking about it for a while, we might chuckle and say
21、, “Hmm, seems like being American is a bit more complicated than we thought. “ Certainly things like individualism, success (the “American Dream“), innovation and tolerance stand out. But these things come together because of our ability to work with one another and find common purpose no matter how
22、 diverse we might be. Some, like African-American writer Ralph Ellison, believe that jazz captures the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the characteristics I mentioned above come together. The solos are a celebration of individual brilliance that cant take place without the gr
23、oup efforts of the rhythm section. Beyond that, though, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more fundamental way. It is an expression of the African roots of American culture, a musical medium that exemplifies the culture of the Africans whose culture came to dominate much of w
24、hat is American. Thats right, in many respects Americas roots are in Africa. Read Ralph Ellisons perceptive description of the transformation of separate African and European cultures at the hands of the slaves: “. the dancing of those slaves who, looking through the windows of a plantation manor ho
25、use from the yard, imitated the steps so gravely performed by the masters within and then added to them their own special flair, burlesquing the white folks and then going on to force the steps into a choreography uniquely their own. The whites, looking out at the activity in the yard, thought that
26、they were being flattered by imitation and were amused by the incongruity of tattered blacks dancing courtly steps, while missing completely the fact that before their eyes a European cultural form was becoming Americanized, undergoing a metamorphosis through the mocking activity of a people partial
27、ly sprung from Africa. “ (Ralph Ellison, Living with Music, pp 83-84). Jazz brought together elements from Africa and Europe, fusing them into a new culture, an expression unique to the Americans. Out of this fusion came an idea that we Americans believe central to our identity: tolerance. Both cult
28、ures represented in Ellisons passage eventually came to realize each others value. Americans acknowledge that in diversity is our strength. We learii every day that other cultures and peoples may make valuable contributions to our way of life. Jazz music is the embodiment of this ideal, combining el
29、ements from African and European cultures into a distinctly American music. Jazz reflects two contradictory facets of American life. On the one hand it is a team effort, where every musician is completely immersed in what the group does together, listening to each of the other players and building o
30、n their contributions to create a musical whole. On the other hand, the band features a soloist who is an individual at the extreme, a genius like Charlie Parker who explores musical territory where no one has ever gone before. In the same sense, American life is also a combination of teamwork and i
31、ndividualism, a combination of individual brilliance with the ability to work with others. We hope that many Chinese friends can bring their own unique contributions to our music, adding their own culture to our American heritage. As Ralph Ellison said of the US, “We have the Bill of Rights, the Con
32、stitution, and we have jazz. “ 21 Which of the following words in Paragraph 1 CANNOT serve to indicate the statement “Nothing could be further from the truth. “? （ A） aristocratic （ B） bottom （ C） misled （ D） heap 22 What does the first sentence of Paragraph 3 imply? （ A） Americans could hardly agre
33、e with each other. （ B） Its hard to define what is the essence of America. （ C） Never have two Americans agree on what is the essence of America. （ D） The essence of America might be the diversity of ideas. 23 Why do the black people imitate the dancing steps of their masters? （ A） To mock their mas
34、ters. （ B） To show their respect. （ C） To learn new dance steps. （ D） To fit into a new culture. 24 Whats the function of citing Ralph Ellisons description of the slaves dancing? （ A） To illustrate the transformation of African and European cultures. （ B） To illustrate how a strong culture conquers
35、an underprivileged culture. （ C） To illustrate the formation of American culture. （ D） To illustrate the formation of Jazz music. 25 What characteristic in Americans is revealed in Ellisons passage? （ A） Tolerance. （ B） Individualism. （ C） The American dream. （ D） Innovation. 25 Vibrations in the gr
36、ound are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals. It seems unlikely that these animals could have detected seismic “pre-shocks“ that were missed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the worlds earthquake laboratories. But it is possi
37、ble. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have the ability to detect others of their species at distances which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that
38、 these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sensea form of perception that people lack. The best guess is that they can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground. Almost all the research done into animal
39、 signalling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans have no sense organs designed specifically to detect terrestrial vibrations. But, according to researchers who have been meeting in Chicago at a symposium of the society for Integrative and Compara
40、tive Biology, this anthropocentric approach has meant that interactions via vibrations of the ground (a means of communication known as seismic signalling) have been almost entirely over-looked. These researchers believe that such signals are far more common than biologists had realizedand that they
41、 could explain a lot of otherwise inexplicable features of animal behaviour. Until recently, the only large mammal known to produce seismic signals was the elephant seal, a species whose notoriously aggressive bulls slug it out on beaches around the world for possession of harems of females. But Cai
42、tlin OConnell-Rodwell of Stanford University, who is one of the speakers at the symposium, suspects that a number of large terrestrial mammals, including rhinos, lions and elephants also use vibration as a means of communication. At any rate they produce loud noises that are transmitted through both
43、 the ground and the airand that can travel farther in the first than in the second. Elephants, according to Dr. OConnell-Rodwell, can transmit signals through the ground this way for distances of as much as 50km when they trumpet, make mock charges or stomp their feet. A seismic sense could help to
44、explain certain types of elephant behaviour. One is an apparent ability to detect thunderstorms well beyond the range that the sound of a storm can carry. Another is the foot-lifting that many elephants display prior to the arrival of another herd. Rather than scanning the horizon with their ears, e
45、lephants tend to freeze their posture and raise and lower a single foot. This probably helps them to work out from which direction the vibrations are travelingrather as a person might stick a finger first in one ear and then in the other to work out the direction that a sound is coming from. In the
46、past decade, many insects, spiders, scorpions, amphibians, reptiles and rodents, as well as large mammals, have been shown to use vibrations for purposes as diverse as territorial defense, mate location and prey detection. Lions, for example, have vibration detectors in their paws and probably use t
47、hem in the same way as scorpions use their vibration detectorsto locate meals. Dr. Hill herself spent years trying to work out how prairie mole crickets, a highly territorial species of burrowing insect, manage to space themselves out underground. After many failed attempts to provoke a reaction by
48、playing recordings of cricket song to them, she realized that they were actually more interested in her own footfalls than in the airborne music of their fellow crickets. This suggests that it is the seismic component of the song that the insects are picking up and using to distribute themselves. Wh
49、ether any of this really has implications for such things as earthquake prediction is, of course, highly speculative. But it is a salutary reminder that the limitations of human senses can cause even competent scientists to overlook obvious lines of enquiry. Absence of evidence, it should always be remembered, is not evidence of absence. 26 What is the basic difference between animals and men in perception?
