1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 493及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Norms: Types and Acceptance Sociologists find that to understand a culture, it is very important to under
3、stand its norms. I. Definition of Norms They are the (1)_ standards of behaviour maintained by a society. II. Types of Norms Norms are distinguished in two ways; A. Formal and informal norms Formal norms are generally (2) _ and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. One example is laws. I
4、nformal norms are generally (3)_but are not precisely recorded. Standards of proper dress are an example. B. Mores and folkways Mores embody the most valuable (4)_of a people and are regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society. Examples are mores against (5)_ and treason. Folkways govern (
5、6)_and the violation of them causes relatively little concern. They are important in shaping peoples daily behaviour. III. Acceptance of Norms People in a culture normally follow its norms, but they are not followed in all situations. A. In some cases, people evade a weakly-enforced norm. (7)_is an
6、example. B. In some instances norms are violated because one norm (8)_with another. For example, your intervening of your neighbours improper behaviour. C. Any norm has (9)_. Eavesdropping and self-defense are examples. D. Acceptance of norms is subjected to (10)_. Womens role is an example. SECTION
7、 B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to
8、the interview. 11 According to Kelly Grant, gift for purchase is acceptable only when （ A） you want to save some money. （ B） you want to get a discount. （ C） the gift is on your shopping list. （ D） the gift is worth the money. 12 Which of the following purchase limit would most attract people to buy
9、? （ A） Limit 1. （ B） Limit 3. （ C） Omit 5. （ D） Limit 6. 13 The trick of sales e-mails takes advantage of peoples psychology that （ A） if I buy the goods, I will save more money. （ B） if I dont buy the goods, there will be no such goods. （ C） if I buy the goods, I will get a free gift. （ D） if I don
10、t buy the goods, they will raise the price. 14 What is the purpose of the savings in the deals according to Kelly Grant? （ A） To let you compare prices when buying. （ B） To let you ignore the high price. （ C） To let you buy things in advance. （ D） To let you wait to buy some better things. 15 Which
11、of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the interview? （ A） Stay focused are the key words when shopping. （ B） Kelly Grant tells you to make a shopping list and check it twice when shopping. （ C） Kelly Grant recommends the “shop now, save later“ shopping way. （ D） Coupons are the thing
12、s that the stores want you to come back again. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main
13、idea of the news item? （ A） National Nurses United negotiated with Wall Street to share tax money. （ B） The nurses protested against the inequities of Wall Street traders and banks. （ C） The public held a street demonstration against Wall Street traders and banks. （ D） Wall Street traders and banks
14、are going to charge a new fee on financial transactions. 17 The likely cause for the disconnect between the culture of Wall Street and the rest of the country is_. （ A） who raised heavy tax （ B） who advocated a new fee （ C） who triggered the public anger （ D） who created the financial crisis 17 Afri
15、can bushmen are being given computers so they can use their skill at tracking wild animals to take part in a project that will help conservation and tourism. The project is being run by Louis Liebenberg, a South African tracking expert, who has teamed up with Lindsay Steventon, a computer expert. Th
16、ey are equipping bushmen with handheld PalmPilot computers so they can record sightings of animals in the wild. The computers, known as Cyber Trackers, can then be taken to a base and the information downloaded onto a PC. The project will create a remarkable database for scientists, who will have wi
17、ldlife information collated throughout the year by bushmen whose knowledge of local animals is unrivalled. To make the system easy to use for the largely illiterate bushmen, each type of animal is given a screen icon that corresponds to its appearance. Different breeds of the same animal are stored
18、as sub menus, again using icons to note their distinguishing features. Once an animal is spotted and its icon is pressed, the tracker can make further observations about the creature. Option include the pace at which it is moving, what it is eating, whether it is fighting or sleeping, the condition
19、of its droppings and its apparent state of health. If only the tracks of an animal are spotted, the bushmen can enter details of the species and which direction it was moving in. This may lead to later sightings and additional data. When an entry is to be committed to the PalmPilots memory, the bush
20、man presses a button and a GPS receiver stamps a position on the data. To ensure accuracy the tracker has to estimate how far away the animal is so its position and not his is recorded. The bushmen will also use the PalmPilots to record water levels and how plants are faring. Fluctuations in either
21、can harm animal populations. When the PalmPilot is attached to a base PC, the sightings can be downloaded and displayed on its screen as lines showing the movement and behaviour of individual animals as well as groups. This allows movement and feeding patterns to be examined. Liebenberg hopes that a
22、s well as building a useful research tool these maps will give guidance on where tourists should be taken to optimise their chances of seeing elusive animals such as leopards and rhinos. “A tracker could check on the PC where the latest sightings have been recorded and get a good idea where the best
23、 place would be to take tourists,“ he says. “It could mean that instead of having to pay for three days in the bush, tourists need only budget for two days.“ The system is now being tested on a small scale but Liebenberg says that it has already given more insight into changes in the feeding pattern
24、s of the desert species of the endangered black rhino. “What happened before was that a scientist would come down from a university for a few days a year, make some observations and that would be it - the total knowledge of rhino eating patterns,“ he says, “With the Cyber Tracker the bushmen were ab
25、le to log where the rhinos were, what they were eating, and how much of that food was left. We found the rhinos change food every couple of months as a new type of plant flourishes. It was always assumed they ate the same sorts of leaves and grass after the end of the dry season.“ “This has huge imp
26、lications for rhino populations because the trackers data can show which other animals are eating what the rhinos feed on. In this ease it was kudu, a common type of antelope, which is often served in restaurants. In future, the park ranger will be able to look at the rhino population and what they
27、are eating and , if there are too many kudu in the area, he can cull some so there is less competition for food. It may sound harsh, but kudu are common and this relative of the black rhino is not, so you dont want them to start losing condition.“ Steventon, who works for Microsoft in Seattle, wrote
28、 the software for the Cyber Tracker. He has thought about upgrading the system so it can send back data from the field but is wary about doing so. “We would love to transmit data back by radio or satellite but we. are worried it could be intercepted by poachers who would love to get their hands on t
29、his sort of information,“ he says. The Kruger National Park, the main reserve in South Africa, is seeking funding to buy the system for its trackers. A group of researchers is already using Cyber Tracker in Namibia. In Zimbabwe it is employed to monitor trees whose bark is used by local people for b
30、asket weaving. Researchers want to lead them to trees that can withstand stripping while others re- cover. To equip each researcher with a hand-help computer and the software should cost less than 500. The software in the base station will cost each national park 700. The project was the brainchild
31、of Liebenberg, Who since a young age, has been captivated by the tracking skills of bushmen in his native South Africa. “When you consider one of these guys can look at a rhino print and identify the actual rhino it came from and whether it is injured, it seems crazy not to use their knowledge, “he
32、says. “We were a little worried about how they would take to the technology but theyre unbelievably quick at getting to grips with it - far better than most of the park managers, who can be technophobic.“ The Cyber Tracker project won 50,000 funding last week in the Rolex Awards for Enterprise. The
33、initiative was one of five award-winning projects. The others covered sea-horse preservation, ancient Bolivian textile reclamation, safer kerosene lamps for houses without electricity and their first expedition to explore and map the caves at the southern end of Patagonia in Chile. 18 What data can
34、the handheld computers NOT record? （ A） The direction in which an animal is moving. （ B） The black market value of an animals skin. （ C） Fluctuations in water levels. （ D） The apparent state of an animals health. 19 If wildlife data is transmitted by radio or satellite _. （ A） poachers will learn wh
35、ere rare animals are （ B） the bushmen will go on strike （ C） the Cyber Trackers will break down （ D） Microsoft will sue the Kruger National Park 20 Which of the following statements does the passage support? （ A） The new scheme will eliminate the poaching in national parks. （ B） Bushmen are too poor
36、ly educated to use modem technology. （ C） Use of the CyberTracker will help to preserve rare animals. （ D） The new system has doomed the kudu population. 21 The tone of the passage is _. （ A） scientific and factual （ B） vague and imaginative （ C） curious and enthusiastic （ D） worried and pessimistic
37、 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 Land Enclosure was a disaster for the_evicted from their land by the enclosures. （ A） landlords （ B） tenants （ C） farmers （ D） wage laborers 23 You
38、th Courts try most cases involving people under_. （ A） 17 （ B） 18 （ C） 19 （ D） 20 24 Between 1980 and 1989, the North of the United States lost 7 million population owing to_. （ A） peoples death （ B） migration （ C） more people moving out of the region （ D） their mysterious disappearance 25 The popul
39、ation of Australia is largely located in the （ A） southwest. （ B） northeast. （ C） southeast coast area. （ D） south. 26 _is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. （ A） Thanksgiving Day （ B） Boxing Day （ C） Easter （ D） Veterans Day 27 _ meaning is what
40、 is communicated by virtue of what language refers to, usually colored with emotions. （ A） conceptual （ B） affective （ C） reflected （ D） thematic 28 The National Health Service in Britain offers a full package of medical services to （ A） the unemployed. （ B） every resident. （ C） citizens under the a
41、ge of 16. （ D） residents aged over 60. 29 October 24, _ was the date when America suffered its first stock market crash in history. （ A） 1926 （ B） 1927 （ C） 1919 （ D） 1929 30 The mid-18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary form _,which gives a realistic presentation of life of the c
42、ommon English people. （ A） the traditional romance of aristocrats （ B） the modern English novel （ C） the modern English drama （ D） the traditional English poem 31 The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentencesis called_. （ A） phonology （ B） morphology （ C） syntax （ D） semantics
43、 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING limit 5. Maybe I should get more than just one. This is such a good deal, isnt it? W: Thats exactly the trick. They want you to see that limit and think, wow, this wasnt here. Then people would just be filling their carts with this and its so amazing. And their studies have
44、shown that if theres a limit in pleasure more like a little, the higher the limit, the more likely youre to buy. So you should really be thinking about how many of something you need, and try to ignore the fact that theres stacking limit on everything. M: How can you ignore those e-mails that you ke
45、ep getting about this sale and that sale? W: Dont open your e-mail. Close your eyes. Thats really the best advice. (3)I mean the stores really know what were hard-wired to think about, that is the scarcity. If you know the sale is ending, they want you to act on impulse, and start running out and bu
46、ying something. But this time of year, the fact is the sales just keep coming, so you dont actually need to do that. So when youre looking through your e-mails, try to avoid opening any of the ones, unless youre going to make a purchase from that store anyway, otherwise just delete it on red. M: Got
47、 it. You know, its really a numbers game. Because a lot of times when youre looking at these different deals, its like; save 30% , save 50%. But are you really saving that much money when youre looking at your purchase? W: Thats what their purpose is for. Youll see a lot of times in the advertising
48、that theyll type out the savings, and the interest is in the fine print. Almost youll see what the new price is on something and when they do that. Its basically a visible trick. Whatever you see, first, youre more likely to become attached to the deal. And the price in comparison is not going to lo
49、ok such a big deal. I mean if youre saving $500, it does not really matter if the TV is still $1, 500. The advertising works in such a tricky way that (4) you might think youre getting that much a better price, because the sayings are significant. M: Right. Sometimes the purchase really isnt that large of a purchase, so you know 30% is not that big of a deal. But when you see 30% , you think; wow, Im getting a really good deal here.
