1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 55及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Introduction Linguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both, the first and second e
3、ditions of this text were directed toward students of 【 1】 _. many 【 1】 _. This third edition continues and further develops this approach. We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an 【 2】 _and cur- 【 2】_. rent point of view. P
4、art one is “The Nature of Human Language. “Then we discuss speech sounds or 【 3】 _and includes a passage on machines 【 3】_. that “talk” and “understand”. On phonology we demonstrate how sounds form 【 4】 _. Because 【 4】_. of this, written forms of language are very late in the history of human lan- g
5、uage. Then we discuss other 【 5】 _ aspects of language how words 【 5】_. are formed; what words, phrases, and sentences mean; and how words are put together to form sentences. Morphology, semantics, syntax are very im- portant in our discussion and take an important role. In “Social Aspects of Langua
6、ge, “we consider language in 【 6】 _ 【 6】_. and how languages change over time. In “The 【 7】 _ Aspects of Lan- 【 7】_. guage, “we talk about child language, animal communication systems and 【 8】_. brain 【 8】 _ underlying language knowledge and use. Also, the 【 9】 _ languages of the deaf are discussed
7、in greater 【 9】_. detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented. In every lesson the 【 10】 underlying the di- 【 10】_. versity of phenomena observed in human language are highlighted. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10
8、【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. N
9、ow listen to the interview. 11 What materials were not used for road surfaces during the last century? （ A） Gravel. （ B） Asphalt. （ C） Macadam. （ D） Concrete. 12 Concrete is used in extensive projects because of _. （ A） the increase in traffic （ B） the cost of other materials （ C） the change of the
10、climate （ D） the construction of the roads 13 For light traffic, which of the following is not used? （ A） Sand clay. （ B） Macadam. （ C） Brick. （ D） Bituminous mixture. 14 What do“ turnpikes“ mean? （ A） Roads. （ B） Streets. （ C） Lanes. （ D） Highways. 15 The total width of the Pennsylvania Turnpike is
11、 _. （ A） 100 feet （ B） 78 feet （ C） 68 feet （ D） 88 feet SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How did
12、 this accident happen? （ A） The train was controled by outlaws. （ B） The bus went past a stop sign. （ C） The train went past a stop sign. （ D） The bus hit the oncoming train itself. 17 How was the bus driver? （ A） He was dead. （ B） He was injured. （ C） He was gone. （ D） It was not clear. 18 Which pr
13、ogramme is season finale top-rated prime-time drama? （ A） Youll never forget. （ B） ER. （ C） Law she has a right to pursue this claim and have the process work. It will be difficult: these kinds of cases usually are, and Ms. Jones task of suing a sitting president is harder than most. She does have o
14、ne thing sitting on her side: her case is in the courts. Sexual -harassment claims are really about violations of the alleged victims civil rights, and there is no better forum for determining and assessing those violationsand finding the truththan federal court. The judicial system can put aside po
15、litical to decide these complicated issues. That is a feat that neither the Senate Judicial nor ethics commit- tees have been able to accomplishwitness the Clarence Thomas and Bob Packwood affairs. One lesson: the legal arena, not the political one, is the place to settle these sensitive problems. S
16、ome have argued that the people (the “feminists“) who rallied around me have failed to support Jones. Our situations, however, are quite different. In 1991 the country was in the middle of a public debate over whether Clarence Thomas should be confirmed to the Supreme Court. Throughout that summer,
17、interest groups on both sides weighed in on his nomination. It was a public forum that invited a public conversation. But a pending civil actioneven one against the presidentdoes not generally invite that kind of public engagement. Most of the public seems content to let the process move forward. An
18、d given the conundrum created by the claim, it is no wonder that many (“feminists” included) have been slow to jump into the Jones - Clinton fray. But people from all works of life remain open to her suit. We dont yet know which outcome we must confront: the president who betrayed the issue or the w
19、oman who used it. Whichever it is, we should continue to pursue sexual harassment with the same kind of energy and interest in eliminating the problem that we have in the past, regardless of who is the accused or the accuser. The statistics show that about 40 percent of women in the work force will
20、encounter some form of harassment. We cant afford to abandon this issue now. 26 According to the passage, the Paula Jones case was _. （ A） nothing important. （ B） very significant. （ C） doubtful. （ D） vulnerable. 27 The federal courts are much better than the Senate Judicial or ethics committees in
21、determining and assessing those violations because _. （ A） the federal courts have much bigger power. （ B） the federal courts are forum for determining and assessing those violations. （ C） the federal courts are more impartial. （ D） the federal courts are political arena. 28 According to the passage
22、, the issue of sexual harassment must be dealt with seriously because _. （ A） the outcome is not known. （ B） most of the public is not content. （ C） many have been slow to jump into the Jones - Clinton fray. （ D） as many as 40% of women in the work force will encounter it. 29 According to the passag
23、e, sexual harassment is to _. （ A） violate politics. （ B） violate the Supreme Court. （ C） cast doubt on the whole issue （ D） disturb a woman in an illegally sexual way. 30 In the sentence Some have argued that the people ( the “feminists“ ) who rallied around me have failed to support Jones“ ( parag
24、raph 4), the phrase “rallied around has the meaning of _. （ A） gathered around （ B） relied on （ C） was depended （ D） relied 30 Riccis “Operation Columbus“ Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English - language edition of his elegant monthly art ma
25、gazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong. Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus“ and has set his sights on discovering an America
26、n readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far -fetched. The Italian edition of FMR - the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci - is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US 500, 000.
27、 The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160 -page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English - language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an i
28、nferiority complex about their art.“ He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two - way cultural ex- change - what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic. To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, ent
29、erprising - and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine -publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16 -page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6. 5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers
30、of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US 5 million i but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corpora
31、tions. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,“ reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.“ Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled and won - on a simple concept: it is more important to show a
32、rt than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full - color pages of 17th - century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. “I dont expect that more than 30% of my readers . will actually read FMR,“ he says. “The
33、magazine is such a visual delight that they dont have to.“ Still, he is lining up an impressive stable of writers and professors for the American edition, including Noam Chomsky, Anthony Burgess, Eric Jong and Norman Mailer. In addition, he seems to be pursuing his own eclectic vision without giving
34、 a moments thought to such established competitors as Connoisseur and Horizon. “The Americans can do almost everything better than we can,“ says Ricci, “But we (the Italians) have a 2,000 year edge on them in art.“ 31 Ricci intends his American edition of FMR to carry more American art works in orde
35、r to _. （ A） boost Americans confidence in their art. （ B） follow the pattern set by his Italian edition. （ C） help Italians understand American art better. （ D） expand the readership of his magazine. 32 Ricci is compared to Columbus in the passage mainly because _. （ A） they both benefited from Ita
36、lian sponsors. （ B） they were explorers in their own ways. （ C） they obtained overseas sponsorship. （ D） they got a warm reception in America. 33 In the sentence “The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US 5 million “( paragraph 3), the word “staggering“ has the meaning of _. （ A） s
37、urprising （ B） surprised （ C） shocked （ D） appearing 34 We get the impression that the American edition of FMR will probably _. （ A） carry many academic articles of high standard. （ B） follow the style of some famous existing magazines. （ C） be read by one third of American magazine readers. （ D） pu
38、rsue a distinctive editorial style of its own. 35 In the sentence “reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet“ ( paragraph 4 ), the phrase “promotional pamphlet“ has its Chinese equivalent of _. （ A）宣传册 （ B）晋升表 （ C）促进措施 （ D）提拔机会 35 Temporary Employment Some observers have attributed the dramatic
39、 growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980s to increased participation in the workforce by certain groups, such as first time or reentering workers, who supposedly prefer such arrangements. However, statistical analyses reveal that demo- graphic changes in the
40、 workforce did not correlate with variations in the total number of temporary workers. Instead, these analyses suggest that factors affecting employers account for the rise in temporary employment. One factor is product demand; temporary employment is favored by employers who are adapting to fluctua
41、ting demand for products while at the same time seeking to reduce overall labor costs. Another factor is labors reduced bargaining strength, which allows employers more control over the terms of employment. Given the analyses, which reveal that growth in temporary employment now far exceeds the leve
42、l explainable by recent workforce entry rates of groups said to prefer temporary jobs, firms should be discouraged from creating excessive numbers of temporary positions. Government policymakers should consider mandating benefit coverage for temporary employees, promoting pay equity between temporar
43、y and permanent workers, assisting labor unions in organizing temporary workers, and encouraging firms to assign temporary jobs primarily to employees who explicitly indicate that preference. 36 The first sentence in the passage suggests that the observers mentioned in line 1 would be most likely to
44、 predict which of the followings? （ A） That the total number of temporary positions would increase as fewer workers were able to find permanent positions. （ B） That employers would have less control over the terms of workers employment as workers increased their bargaining strength. （ C） That more w
45、orkers would be hired for temporary positions as product demand increased. （ D） That the number of workers taking temporary positions would increase as more workers in any given demographic group entered the workforce. 37 The passage mentions each of the following as an appropriate kind of governmen
46、tal action EXCEPT _. （ A） encouraging equitable pay for temporary and permanent employees （ B） getting firms to offer temporary employment primarily to a certain group of people （ C） ensuring that temporary workers obtain benefits from their employers （ D） faciliating the organization of temporary w
47、orkers by labor unions 37 Policeman as a Writer I decided to begin the terms work with the short story since that form would be the easiest for the police officers, not only because most of their reading up to then had probably been in that genre, but also because a study of the reaction of people t
48、o various situations was something they relied on in their daily work. For instance, they had to be able to predict how others would react to their directives and interventions be- fore deciding on their own form of action;they had to be able to take in the details of a situation quickly and correct
49、ly before intervening. No matter how factual and sparse police reports may seem to us, they must make use of a selection of vital detail, similar to which a writer of a short story has to make. This was taught to me by one of my students, a captain, at the end of the term. I had begun the study of the short story by stre
